Computers in critical care nursing: yet another technology?
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J J Fitzpatrick.
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A recently developed tool which symbolically records body position, gross motor activity, and the intensity of this activity has potential for use in a variety of settings. To examine the instrument for interrater reliability and validity, activity of 14 children engaged in normal play was observed and recorded by two raters. Scores obtained were compared to actometer scores. The technique, it was concluded, is a reliable and sensitive method of assessing and recording changes in body position and activity levels which warrants further study in other situations.
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An analysis of the conceptualization embedded within the development of nursing diagnoses, including the historical perspective on this process, is presented. Although there are conceptual issues still to be resolved, nursing diagnosis can be considered as a conceptual approach to developing disciplinary knowledge.
In the process of placing diagnoses into Taxonomy I, certain inconsistencies became apparent. Inadequate definition of both diagnoses and human response patterns, lack of defining characteristics, and inconsistency in the levels of abstraction within the taxonomic hierarchy made the task of assigning a diagnosis to a taxonomic pattern difficult. Ambiguity in the definitions of the nine patterns resulted in ambiguity in the basic foundation, which affected the entire structure. The Taxonomy Committee, before evaluating the current structure, had to make the following decisions regarding the current human response patterns: (1) Should the nine human response patterns be retained for further taxonomic work? and (2) If they are retained, what should be the first step in examining Taxonomy I-Revised? This second article in a series of four will familiarize the readers with the process and decisions by which Taxonomy II of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) is evolving through the work of the Taxonomy Committee. This article also will identify the specific problems encountered in the development of Taxonomy I and Taxonomy I-Revised, and describe the steps establishing the validity of the process of formation of the nine human response patterns.
A number of persistent issues in the nursing diagnosis community have challenged the ability of one nursing diagnosis taxonomy to account for nursing's practice. The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) Taxonomy Committee, charged with the preparation of one taxonomy for all, has struggled with some of these issues and has initiated development of axes. The issues, figuratively speaking, become the axes. The axes are intended to describe the dimensions of the human condition. This article, third in a series of four, describes the process and development of the proposed axes.
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A valid taxonomy legitimizes the elements that make up the taxonomy and increases trust in its generalizability and predictability. There is a concern that the NANDA Taxonomy is not a valid taxonomic structure. Despite on-going work to validate individual nursing diagnoses, there is little research that focuses on validation of groups of diagnoses (taxons) within the NANDA taxonomy. This last article in a series of four will familiarize the readers with why, what, and how a taxonomy of nursing diagnoses can be validated. This article highlights assessment of the validity and reliability of a taxonomy, compares the process of taxonomic validation to the research process, and explores examples of validation design.
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Several years ago as a new faculty member, I participated in one of the first outreach MSN programs. My assignment was to teach research courses in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan as part of this new and exciting "distance education" effort. I have fond memories of that teaching experience--not only because of the beauty of Lake Superior in all its glory, but most especially because of the warmth and dedication of the students who traveled miles for the centralized course. I also have fond memories of the small town community spirit. One of the most significant lessons I learned while there was from the local radio station. Each day, as radio listeners, we were instructed to "stop and congratulate ourselves." I was struck then, and continue to cherish now, the wisdom in this message.
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