Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J J Ellner

Publications and source records attributed to J J Ellner.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Purification of Giardia muris trophozoites by using nylon fiber columns.

A method is described for purification of large quantities of Giardia muris trophozoites from the small intestine of the mouse by using density layer centrifugation and nylon fiber columns. Centrifugation of trophozoites obtained from the small intestine on Metrizamide, specific gravity 1.10, followed by incubation on a nylon fiber column at 37 degrees C for 120 min, yielded up to 15 X 10(6) viable purified trophozoites per infected mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Suppression splenic T lymphocytes in human hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni.

Splenic suppressor cell activity was evaluated in 10 patients with advanced hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis mansoni undergoing elective splenectomy. We used cell mixing experiments to assess the effect of mitomycin-C-treated spleen cells on antigen and mitogen-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation of responder cells. The suppressor to responder ratio was 1.0. Spleen cells from 7 of 10 patients caused at least 20% suppression of phytohemagglutinin-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation of one or more populations of responder cells (spleen cells, autologous and allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells)Responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to streptokinase-streptodornase and schistosome soluble egg and worm antigen preparations also were inhibited by co-cultured spleen cells. An inverse correlation was apparent between the spleen cell response to PHA and the suppressor activity of that spleen cell population (r = -0.74, p less than 0.05). Cell purification procedures showed that the active suppressor splenic cell was non-adherent and rosetted neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes. This splenic suppressor T lymphocyte may modulate splenic and peripheral blood lymphocyte responses in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Concurrent responses of peripheral blood and splenic mononuclear cells to antigenic and mitogenic stimulation in human hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.

Lymphocyte reactivity and its control was assessed in human hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, a disease in which host hypersensitivity may contribute to long-term morbidity. Antigen- and mitogen-induced incorporation of [3H]thymidine was evaluated in peripheral blood and splenic mononuclear cells of 15 patients at the time of splenectomy. The response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was depressed in the peripheral blood of 42% and in the spleen cells of 70% of these patients. Significant stimulation was noted, however, upon culture of blood with soluble schistosome egg antigen (SEA) in 80% and of spleen cells in 100% of the patients whose respective responses to PHA were depressed. The contribution of adherent cells to the overall response of mononuclear cells was evaluated by depletion techniques. A significant and specific decrease in the response of the resulting thymus-derived (T) lymphocyte-enriched splenic mononuclear cells to SEA was noted. These studies suggest preferential preservation of the response of circulating and splenic lymphocytes to SEA despite impairment of PHA reactivity in human hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, which may be causally related to the advanced disease of this group of patients. Moreover, activity of helper adherent cells was consistently restricted to the splenic T-lymphocyte response induced by the specific antigen SEA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Infective endocarditis caused by slow-growing, fastidious, Gram-negative bacteria.

In a review of endocarditis caused by fastidious, slow-growing gram-negative rods, similarities in the spectrum of disease overshadow differences among cases grouped by specific organisms. Cardiobacterium hominis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus species usually seed previously damaged cardiac valves presumably during bacteremia from an upper respiratory site. The clinical presentation resembles that of Streptococcus viridans endocarditis and is usually subacute or chronic. Despite bacteriologic cure, severe CHF and/or systemic embolization frequently develops during or following the course of antibiotics, resulting in significant morbidity and a high mortality rate. This report of nine cases diagnosed at five hospitals in a 7-year period suggests that endocarditis due to these organisms is more common than previously appreciated and frequently goes unrecognized. This is probably due to a lack of attention to the requirements for culture of this group of bacteria with propensity for granular growth in broth. We have proposed specific cultural techniques appropriate to the search for these organisms in patients with apparent culture-negative endocarditis.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1979

Immunobiology and species distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5.

The immunobiology and mycobacterial species distribution of immunoabsorbent affinity chromatography-purified Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 have been studied. In delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, antigen 5 was nearly equipotent with tuberculin-purified protein derivative in sensitized guinea pigs. In vitro, antigen 5 was capable of stimulating the production of migration inhibitory factor by cultured lymphocytes from sensitized guinea pigs and humans. Antigen 5 stimulated thymidine incorporation by cultured guinea pig lymphocytes but did not stimulate thymidine incorporation by cultured human lymphocytes. Although erythrocytes were readily sensitized with antigen 5 for passive hemagglutination, their use did not offer any advantage over previous hemagglutination techniques for the serodiagnosis or evaluation of patients with tuberculosis. By immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion, antigen 5 was readily identified in culture filtrates of 10 strains of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis but not in those of 30 strains of 12 other myobacterial species.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Salicylate blockade of granulocyte adherence and the inflammatory response to experimental peritonitis.

Aspirin profoundly inhibited the in vitro augmentation of human and mouse granulocyte adherence to nylon fiber induced by the bacterial products Escherichia coli endotoxin and Staphylococcus aureus culture filtrate. Granulocytes obtained from normal volunteers during the 48 hr following ingestion of aspirin did not respond normally to endotoxin stimulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with sodium salicylate prior to intraperitoneal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae impaired granulocyte exudation and resulted in uncontrolled bacteremia and greater lethality of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind comparison of cefamandole and penicillin in pneumococcal pneumonia.

We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous penicillin and cefamandole in the therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia. Patients received either 1 g of cefamandole or 600,000 U of aqueous penicillin G every 6 h. Of the 100 patients entered into the study, 96 had clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Microbial etiology was determined from the results of sputum and blood cultures and/or sputum Gram stains. Streptococcus pneumoniae was pathogenic in 49 patients, of whom 24 received cefamandole and 25 received penicillin. There was no statistically significant difference in the response or cure rate. Of the 100 patients, 93 were treated for 3 days or more and were evaluated for adverse effects and toxicity. There was no significant difference between cefamandole-treated and pencillin-treated patients in the incidence of colonization, superinfection, phlebitis, thrombocytosis, decrease in hematocrit, or elevated liver function tests. Eosinophilia occurred more frequently in patients treated with penicillin (20 of 42) than in those treated with cefamandole (11 of 42 (chi square, P < 0.05). Only one patient receiving cefamandole developed a positive direct Coombs test. No patient in either group developed meningitis. We conclude that, with the doses and route of administration employed in this study, cefamandole is as effective as penicillin in the therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia without an increased incidence of colonization, superinfection, or adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Antigen handling by guinea pig macrophages: further evidence for the sequestration of antigen relevant for activation of primed T lymphocytes.

Guinea pig macrophages can take up sufficient 2,4 dinitrophenyl guinea pig albumin during a brief in vitro exposure at 37 degrees C to trigger proliferation and lymphokine production with primed T lymphocytes on subsequent co-culture. Treatment of such antigen-bearing macrophages with trypsin, a procedure which removes surface antigen, does not alter the ability of such macrophage to initiate the release of migration inhibition factor from sensitized T lymphocytes. In addition, formation of antigen-specific rosettes between primed T cells and antigen-bearing macrophages is not blocked by high concentrations of antibody directed against the antigen mediating this interaction. Similarly, primed T lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by antigen-bearing macrophages is not inhibited by specific antibody to that antigen. These data support the conclusion that the fraction of macrophage-associated antigen which is relevant to T lymphocyte activation does not reside on the macrophage surface but rather remains in a restricted compartment from which it is accessible to the T cell but unavailable to either blockade by specific antibody or removal by proteolytic enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Induction of guinea pig antibody responses in vitro.

Guinea pig spleen cells cultured together with peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PEL) were found to generate large numbers of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in vitro in response to hapten-protein antigens. Neither cell type cultured alone yielded appreciable responses. Strain 13 or F1 (Strain 2 X Strain 13) lymphocytes, but not those from strain 2 animals, are able to respond to the genetically controlled antigen, DNP-guinea pig albumin (DNP-GPA). Antisera directed against responder (strain 13) parent Ia antigens selectively blocked the generation of AFC by F1 (strain 2 X strain 13) spleen-PEL mixtures in response to DNP-GPA. Both allogeneic (strain 2) and syngeneic macrophages functioned equally well in presentation of DNP-GPA to strain 13 lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of guinea pig thymus-derived lymphocytes. I. Accessory cell dependence.

The accessory cell requirement for mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation has been investigated by using a population of guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes enriched in T cells and markedly depleted of macrophages and B lymphocytes. We have found that effective phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of T cells is dependent on the participation of accessory cells. Augmentation of PHA responsiveness was noted when cultural conditions were manipulated to increase cell density, suggesting that physical proximity between T cell and accessory cell is required for efficient triggering. Both syngeneic and allogeneic macrophages, as well as syngeneic fibroblasts, serve as accessory cells in this response whereas polymorphonuclear leukocytes or thymocytes do not. Thus, although PHA-induced T lymphocyte proliferation requires accessory cells, the specificity of these cells is strikingly less stringent than for antigen-mediated triggering of immune guinea pig T cells, a response which is dependent upon participation of syngeneic macrophages.

Animals↗