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Biomedical subjects

J J Corrigan

Publications and source records attributed to J J Corrigan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Factor II antigen in liver disease and warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency: correlation with coagulant activity using Echis venom.

Four coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X) are synthesized in the liver as precursor forms. Vitamin K is necessary for their conversion to functional factors. Factor II precursor is antigenically similar to factor II and can be activated to form thrombin by Echis carinatus venom. Forty-one patients with liver disease and 30 patients with vitamin K deficiency (Warfarin treated), were compared with 51 normal patients. Rats with CCl4-induced hepatic necrosis and animals given Warfarin were also studied. The following measurements were made: standard prothrombin time; Echis clotting time; factor II coagulant assay with thromboplastin; factor II assay with Echis venom; and factor II antigen (human) by electroimmunoassay. In animals and humans with liver disease, factor II was reduced, as measured by all techniques. With vitamin K deficiency functional factor II was reduced, but factor II antigen and Echis factor II activity were normal. THe data suggest that the prothrombin time and Echis coagulation methods can be used to differentiate whether the coagulopathy in liver disease is due to reduced precursor levels of factor II, vitamin K deficiency (ie, impaired formation of functional from precursor factor II), or both.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Factor II (prothrombin) levels in cord blood: correlation of coagulant activity with immunoreactive protein.

Hypoprothrombinemia occurs in newborn infants, but it is unclear whether this is the result of reduced production of Factor II precursor or a vitamin K deficient state. In this study, 76 cord blood specimens were analyzed for functional factor coagulant activity and levels of Factor II antigen as determined by electroimmunoassay. In 40 normal term infants, CA = 30% +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SEM) and Ag = 44% +/- 2.3; in 17 normal preterm infants CA = 30% +/- 1.0 and Ag = 31% +/- 4.2; and in 50 normal adults CA = 83 +/- 3 and Ag = 91 +/- 4. In the term infants the average ratio of CA:Ag was 0.90 and in the preterm infants 0.96, both values being similar to those in adults and suggesting underproduction of the precursor form. In 19 term infants who experienced complications of pregnancy and/or delivery, the ratio was 0.76; seven of these ratios were less than 0.70 (range 0.40 to 0.69). These data show that hypoprothrombinemia is common in infant cord blood and is most marked in preterm infants. In the normal infants the CA:Ag ratios were normal, suggesting that the hypoprothrombinemia is the result of reduced production of the protein and not of vitamin K deficiency. However, term infants with complications of labor and delivery had reduced CA:Ag ratios that were suggestive of vitamin K deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hemophilia: information for school personnel.

For people unfamiliar with hemophilia, the disease can seem very frightening. Its past reputation as a fatal, uncontrollable disease is no longer tenable. With the use of modern-day transfusion therapy, uncontrollable bleeding in hemophilia infrequently causes death. Quick and simple treatment is readily available. The problems today are in educating the public about the hemophiliac and preventing psychosocial problems which may surround him. The purpose of this article is to provide information to help educators better understand hemophilia and the child it affects.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1980

Coagulation inhibitors.

A number of types of coagulation inhibitors can be seen in autoimmune states. These inhibitors can produce hypocoagulability by at least three mechanisms: by acting as a circulating anticoagulant; by the production of a functionally abnormal procoagulant; or, by the occurrence of an isolated reduction in the plasma level of a coagulation factor. The most common is the circulating anticoagulant which acts by either neutralizing a specific blood coagulation factor or by interfering in some fashion with coagulation factor interactions. The different types of coagulation inhibitors, their laboratory, and clinical manifestations are discussed.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Circulatory control of splenic hyperfunction in children with peripheral blood dyscrasia.

Ligation of the splenic artery was performed upon six children with a variety of peripheral cytopenias associated with hypersplenism to decrease splenic hyperfunction while preserving some splenic tissue. While this procedure initially improved the peripheral blood values in five patients--two patients with hereditary spherocytosis, one patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, one patient with pyruvate-kinase hemolytic anemia and one patient with posthepatitic cirrhosis and splenomegaly--the hematologic derangement gradually recurred in four, necessitating eventual splenectomy in two. The sixth patient, an infant with histiocytosis-x, died soon after ligation of the splenic artery. Scintiscans of the spleen corroborated regrowth of the splenic remnant, principally the lower pole to which the vascular supply in the splenocolic ligament was not interrupted. Although ligation of the splenic artery is safe and promptly reduces splenic overreactivity, this operation can only be viewed as temporizing and not as definitive treatment of hypersplenism. On the other hand, in view of the protective function of the spleen against certain bacteria and protozoa, particularly in children with blood dyscrasia, the idea of achieving eusplenism or mild hyposplenism rather than asplenism by a graded reduction in the functional splenic mass through ischemic treatment of hypersplenism seems sound. Alternative methods of circulatory control, for instance, embolization of the splenic artery, of splenic function should be cautiously pursued.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1979

Myelogenous leukemia evolving during the course of lymphoid malignancy in children.

Two children who presented initially with a lymphoid malignancy were noted to develop recurrences with myeloid features late in the course of their disease. In both cases, evidence of lymphoid differentiation was present in the myelogenous cells that were Ph1 chromosome negative. The first patient had acute myelogenous leukemia and developed a recurrence with morphologic features of acute myelogenous leukemia. Terminal transferase was present in the myelogenous blasts. The second patient initially had a diffuse lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. During the course of her illness she developed a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by basophilic meningitis, splenomegaly, and hypereosinophilia. Lymphocyte T-cell (E-rosette) markers were present on the eosinophils. These observations lend further support to the hypothesis of varying lymphoid and myeloid differentiation in certain cases of leukemia.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Eosinophilia in premature infants: relationship to weight gain.

Serial eosinophil counts were determined in 38 hospitalized, appropriately grown premature infants whose gestational ages ranged from 27 to 35 weeks. Absolute eosinophilia (greater than 700/mm3) was documented in 76% (29/38). Eosinophilia was mild (700 to 999/mm3) in 9, moderate (1,000 to 2,999/mm3) in 17, and marked (greater than or equal to 3,000/mm3) in 3 patients. The average time of onset was day 19. Peak eosinophilia was usually seen within one week of onset and lasted an average of 16 days. A consistent relationship (r = 0.86) was found between the day of peak eosinophilia (mean = day 27) and the day on which birthweight was regained (mean = day 22). No association was apparent between the occurrence or degree of eosinophilia and gestational age, birth stress, presence of umbilical catheter, parenteral alimentation solution, and time of beginning or type or oral feeds. The data suggest that eosinophilia is strongly associated with the establishment of an anabolic state.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1979

Activation of coagulation and disseminated intravascular coagulation in the newborn.

Human newborns have certain hemostatic "deficiencies" which seem to be peculiar to this period of life, such as reduced factors II, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII, reduced antithrombin III levels, and reduced plasminogen levels. However, they are capable of activating the coagulation mechanism to elicit either the entity of disseminated intravascular coagulation or the occurrence of localized and diffuse thrombotic events. The mechanisms involved have yet to be defined. Evidence has been presented to suggest that preterm infants may manifest a variant form of disseminated intravascular coagulation in which thrombocytopenia is not present.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of polymyxin B sulfate on endotoxin activity in a gram-negative septicemia model.

The antiendotoxin effect of polymyxin B was investigated in experimentally induced septicemia in rabbits. The Pasteurella multocida organisms were sensitive to the antibacterial action of penicillin but not to polymyxin B. Animals pre-treated with polymyxin showed positive blood cultures and significantly reduced plasma endotoxin levels (Limulus test) with normal white blood cell and platelet counts when analyzed 6 hr after the injection of live organisms. Polymyxin therapy given after the animals had established septicemia-endotoxemia reduced the plasma endotoxin levels and improved the survival, but had no effect on the leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The best survival data were obtained in rabbits who were treated with both penicillin and polymyxin. The data suggest that polymyxin is effective in neutralizing the endotoxic effects from live organisms and that the timing and perhaps duration of the polymyxin treatment is of critical importance. In addition, a modified Limulus lysate method was developed which showed that quantitative plasma endotoxin determination could be made more sensitive by prior heating of the plasma to remove the natural inhibitors.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Alterations in the prothrombin coagulation pathway due to preeclampsia.

Circulating plasma levels of human prothrombin antigen and activity were determined in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by hypertension, eclampsia, or preeclampsia. The ratio of prothrombin antigen to activity (Ag/Act) was within normal limits for all hypertensive patients. However, every untreated preeclamptic patient, as well as 2 eclamptic patients, had abnormal prothrombin antigen to activity ratios.

Antigens↗
PubMed1979

Coagulation problems relating to vitamin E.

In the studies outlined in this report, normal dogs receiving megadoses of vitamin E displayed no abnormalities in their coagulation mechanisms. However, when made mildly vitamin-K-deficient by using warfarin, the introduction of vitamin E produced a profound coagulopathy. This coagulopathy was characterized by a further reduction in the vitamin-K-dependent coagulation factors and did not influence the levels of the non-vitamin K coagulation factors. Only one human case has been described to date, and this particular patients was vitamin-K-deficient at the time he was receiving vitamin E. Further studies are necessary to ascertain the usefulness of this vitamin in trombotic disease and to define the possible hematological toxicity in those patients with concomitant vitamin K deficiency.

Animals↗