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Biomedical subjects

J Izquierdo

Publications and source records attributed to J Izquierdo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

In vivo and in vitro study of several pharmacodynamic effects of meropenem.

Several pharmacodynamic parameters are being studied and applied to the design of dosage regimens. The thigh infection model in neutropenic mice has been used in this study to investigate the in vivo postantibiotic effect (PAE) of meropenem against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) postantibiotic effect (PA SME) of 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 x MIC was also determined in vitro on S. aureus and E. coli after pre-exposure of these microorganisms to 10 x MIC of meropenem. The in vitro PAE was also determined. In vivo killing curves using 2 different short dosage regimens were also studied to relate the lethal effect to the time that serum levels were above the MIC. No significant in vivo and in vitro PAEs were observed. The PA SMEs were higher for S. aureus than for E. coli. The 2 short dosage regimens, in vivo, were equally effective in killing S. aureus, but not E. coli. These results suggest that the pharmacodynamics of meropenem on Gram-negative strains may need further study to elucidate the mechanisms and characteristics of these parameters. On the other hand, we need to standardize a reliable in vitro method to monitor regrowth with a good correlation with the in vivo conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Oxygen therapy and other pneumological tools for home use in Barcelones Nord i Maresme. A descriptive study].

Against a background of differences in prevalence of chronic home oxygen therapy (CHO) and other pneumological tools (nasal continuous positive airway pressure, aerosol therapy, monitoring, assisted ventilation) found in studies of the various regions of Catalonia (Spain), we carried out a descriptive study to determine how these tools were being used in the northern Barcelona and coastal plain health region (population 657,376). Three hundred sixty-six (49.8%) patients used CHO, 39 (5.3%) used aerosol therapy, 52 (7.1%) used nasal continuous positive airway pressure, 3 (0.4%) were monitored at home and 1 (0.1%) was mechanically ventilated at home. Two hundred seventy-three patients about whom we had insufficient data did not keep their appointments with the doctor. Use of CHO was considered appropriate in 302 (82.5%) of the 366 patients reviewed; 6.5% of these were active smokers as indicated by measurement of CO in expired air. The number of patients resistant to treatment (273) is very high in the northern Barcelona and coastal plain region and should be followed up more carefully. Our finding allow us to estimate that CHO is appropriately prescribed in the northern Barcelona and coastal area for 87.5 patients per 100,000 inhabitants, a prevalence that is higher than that observed for other health regions in Catalonia.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1992

Measurement of general health status of non-oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a prevalent condition causing a high level of disability, and it is one of the leading causes of death. To assess the general health status of moderate to severe Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, we studied 76 male patients attending an outpatient hospital clinic who were not dependent on oxygen and who did not present bronchial obstruction reversibility. We assessed clinical status (dyspnea, six-minute walking distance) and functional respiratory impairment (spirometry, and blood gas analysis) of the patients and also asked them to respond to the Spanish version of the Nottingham Health Profile, a multi-dimensional generic health status measure. Patients scored especially higher than the general population (denoting more level of distress) in energy, physical mobility and sleep Nottingham Health Profile dimensions. The former two dimensions scores had a high correlation with dyspnea (respectively Spearman Rs = 0.60, and Rs = 0.64; P less than 0.01). High levels of sleep disturbances were found for patients reporting low or very low dyspnea level. Health status measurement (Nottingham Health Profile dimension scores) and functional respiratory impairment were not correlated. Results underscore the importance of measuring symptoms carefully when assessing these patients, whose health status is substantially affected by the Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They also suggest that it is relevant to assess sleep disturbances in these patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

The length of time healthy subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are able to withstand maximal inspiratory pressure.

We measured the length of time that healthy subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were able to withstand an inspiratory pressure equal to or over 80% of the maximal static inspiratory pressure (PImax). For the purpose 10 patients with COPD, during a stable period of their illness, and 10 healthy subjects were studied. The mean values for PImax, maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax) and the length of time to withstand PImax (TPImax) were significantly lower in patients with COPD than in healthy individuals. In the group of patients with COPD, 50% exhibited a TPImax of less than 3 s and none were able to withstand PImax for more than 4.30 s. However, it should be pointed out that, even among healthy individuals, there were 4 subjects who were unable to withstand PImax for more than 3 s.

Forced Expiratory Volume↗
PubMed1991

Postural variation of the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures in obese patients.

Evaluating whether weight is a factor responsible for the decrease of muscle force in the supine position with respect to the upright and sitting positions, we measured maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax) in these postures in ten obese patients (age 38.7 +/- 9.1 years; height 168.7 +/- 8.9 cm; and weight 139.3 +/- 28.4 kg) and ten normal control subjects (age 38.4 +/- 8.2 years; height 169.3 +/- 7.9 cm and weight 66.9 +/- 11.9 kg.) In both study groups, PImax and PEmax values decreased in the supine posture with respect to upright and sitting positions. Differences between pressures in the various postures were similar for both groups with the exception of PEmax in obese females. The decrease in PEmax values from the sitting to supine positions was greater in obese than control females. Weight, sex and postural changes can influence the generation of maximal expiratory force.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Postural variation of the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures in normal subjects.

The maximum static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) were measured in 15 normal male subjects (average age, 27.14 years) in standing and sitting position. The MIP was determined at RV and FRC and MEP was determined at TLC and FRC. No significant differences were found for these parameters between the two postures. Our study proves that the posture adopted by the subject when these two maneuvers are performed does not influence the results obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Variation in maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure after application of inspiratory loads in patients with COPD.

We studied eight men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (age, 60.57 +/- 7.59 years; height, 162 +/- 10.43 cm; weight, 65 +/- 9.7 kg). Functional values of the sample were as follows: FEV1, 46 percent; FVC, 67 percent; PO2, 72.4 mm Hg; and pH, 7.41. We used a modification of the Nickerson and Keens method. Patients were required to perform 65 percent of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). We counted the time from the start of the test to exhaustion of the patient (TLIM). We measured basal MIP and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (TLC) at the TLIM and 10, 20, and 30 minutes and MIP was different from the basal value (MIP basal, 85.7 cm H2O; MIP 10 minutes, 79.1 cm H2O; MIP 20 minutes, 78.6 cm H2O; MIP 30 minutes, 79.6 cm H2O. The MEP was not different from the basal value. We concluded that in patients with COPD, MIP decreases significantly after inspiration through umbral inspiratory weight equal to 65 percent MIP and does not return to basal value for 30 minutes. The MEP does not change with respect to basal determination.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1989

Lactobacillus pneumonia in a patient with oesophageal carcinoma.

We report a case of necrotizing pneumonia caused by Lactobacillus secondary to a tracheo-oesophageal fistula created by an oesophageal carcinoma. We emphasize the presence of resistance of Lactobacillus to clindamycin and cotrimoxazole, previously reported to be effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Chronic malnutrition, dental caries, and tooth exfoliation in Peruvian children aged 3-9 years.

A cross-sectional evaluation of dental caries in primary teeth and nutritional status was conducted involving 285 Peruvian children from low socioeconomic conditions aged 3-9 y. Forty-nine percent of the children were found to be chronically malnourished (stunted) whereas acute malnutrition (wasting) was infrequent (2%). Stunted children showed a delayed exfoliation of primary teeth. The caries prevalence curve as a function of age (ie, a plot of decayed, extracted, and filled teeth vs age) was found to be shifted to the right by approximately 15 mo in stunted children as compared with well-nourished children. Children aged 7-9 y with stunted growth showed a significantly higher percentage of carious teeth than did well-nourished children of the same age (40 and 29%, respectively; p less than 0.005). Nutritional deficits that lead to chronic malnutrition not only may affect tooth exfoliation but also appear to render the primary teeth more susceptible to caries attack later in life.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Immunotherapy of human leukemia with antibody to pluripotential K-562 stem cells.

Gamma (gamma) globulin was fractionated from the serum of a goat immunized with the pluripotential leukemia cell line K-562. The lyophilized gamma-globulin preparation, termed leukoglobulin, contained about 50% immune IgG and suppressed the proliferation of heterotransplanted leukemia and lymphoma cells of human origin. The main aims of this study were to evaluate the potential therapeutic value of leukoglobulin and to determine its toxicity in humans with terminal leukemia and patients whose disease was unresponsive to current therapy. Two patients with CML, one with AMML, four with ALL, and one with AML were treated once a week for up to 5 weeks with leukoglobulin intravenously at doses ranging from 2 to 29 mg/kg. Leukoglobulin was well tolerated with minimal adverse effects and produced an initial mobilization of blasts from the bone marrow, spleen, and other organs with a parallel increase in the number of blasts in the systemic circulation. Subsequent injections of leukoglobulin led to a sharp decrease and the eventual eradication of blasts from the peripheral blood and bone marrow. Except in patients with CML, immature cells other than blasts also markedly diminished. The results of the clinical trials indicated a synergism with or potentiation of most chemotherapeutic agents used. Two possible uses for a combination of leukoglobulin and antileukemic drugs are indicated by the results we report here; drug-antibody synergism for cases showing no response to chemotherapy alone or leukoglobulin given immediately after chemotherapy is administered to eliminate residual leukemia cells. Alternatively, leukoglobulin can be given as a single therapeutic agent during the induction or maintenance phases of treatment to patients with leukemia resistant to other therapeutic combinations.

Adolescent↗