Perifocal abnormal signal intensity area in magnetic resonance imaging in meningiomas.
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Brain Edema↗
Biomedical subjects
J Ikeda
Publications and source records attributed to J Ikeda.
A columnar arrangement of dendritic processes of entorhinal cortex neurons revealed by a monoclonal antibody.
Immunohistochemical screening of the cat limbic system using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) revealed that MAb R2D5 specifically labeled a subset of layer 3 cells in the entorhinal cortex, while leaving layer 2 cells unlabeled. The apical dendrites of the R2D5-positive layer 3 cells tended to gather and formed columnar structures which penetrated layer 2 and climbed to the surface of entorhinal cortex.
Animals↗
Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis: report of two cases.
Two women with lymphocytic adenohypophysitis not related to pregnancy are reported on. In obtaining a differential diagnosis of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis preoperatively, it is useful to note swelling of the anterior hypophyseal tissue and the existence of a posterior pituitary lobe on sagittal sections of magnetic resonance imaging scans. Hypofunction of the anterior hypophyseal gland is more severe in lymphocytic adenohypophysitis than in pituitary adenomas. Marked adhesion of fibrotic pituitary capsule to the dura is a characteristic observation during surgery for lymphocytic adenohypophysitis.
Adenoma↗
Cerebral vascular volume after repeated ischemic insults in the gerbil: comparison with changes in CBF and brain edema.
The time course of changes in cerebral intravascular volume was evaluated during 24 h following a series of three 5-min carotid artery occlusions spaced at 1-h intervals and compared with the changes occurring after single 5- or 15-min occlusions. Quantitative estimates of cerebral red cell volume, plasma volume, and total blood volume were obtained from the distribution spaces of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes and 125I-albumin infused prior to killing at varied recirculation intervals. Significant reductions in vascular volume occurred in all ischemic brain regions within 1 h following a single 5-min occlusion, which recovered to control values within 6 h. A similar time course was seen after repeated occlusions. The reductions in volume remained significant at 6 h after a single 15-min occlusion, but there was no difference from control by 24 h. Thus, the time course of total vascular volume correlates well with that of CBF changes previously described, and both blood flow and blood volume are at normal levels during the time of severe edema 24 h after repeated occlusions. Calculated cerebral hematocrit was 60-70% of that obtained from the femoral artery, but was identical in all brain regions and was constant throughout the postischemic recirculation period, with the exception of a transient reduction in both peripheral and cerebral hematocrit observed at 6-h recirculation following single 15-min occlusions. These results suggest that changes in CBF and blood volume reflect primarily the status of larger vessels and that values in the normal range may be observed even under conditions of severe edema and impaired perfusion at the capillary level.
Animals↗
[A study using a food-frequency questionnaire--simultaneous discrimination of dietary patterns of anemic and hyperlipemic women].
A survey investigating the intake frequency of various foods and eating habits was made by a special form of structured questionnaire. Those who answered the questionnaire were 184 women aged from 40 to 59 living in a rural district in Kyoto Prefecture. They were divided into three blood groups according to the contents of hemoglobin (Hb) and serum cholesterol (T-CHO) as follows: Group A (Anemia): Hb less than 12 g/dl and T-CHO less than 220 mg/dl Group B (Normal): Hb greater than or equal to 12 g/dl and T-CHO less than 220 mg/dl Group C (Hyperlipidemia): Hb greater than or equal to 12 g/dl and T-CHO greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl As far as the intake frequency of each food and the eating habits of the three blood groups are concerned, there wasn't any notable difference. However, when the statistical method called "quantification theory II" was applied using the blood groups as the objective variable and the 27 items in the food frequency questionnaire, as well as the obesity index, as explanatory variables, it was found that the dietary patterns were different among the three blood groups. The result was that 68% of women in group A were discriminated correctly, as were 55% in group B, and 83% in group C. The analysis of the data from food frequency questionnaires by the "quantification theory II" statistical methods seems to be useful to reveal dietary patterns.
Adult↗
[Immunological function in head-injured patients. Relationship with severity of injury and age].
The immunological function of 29 head-injured patients was investigated, with special reference to the relationships between changes in immunity and both severity of head injury and age. The patients were classified according to Glasgow Coma Scale scores (15, 9 to 14, and 3 to 8) and age (under 35, 35 to 65, and over 65 years). T cell subsets (OKT4 and OKT8) and Leu-11a cells were studied by flow cytometry with the use of monoclonal antibody. Lymphocyte stimulation indices were also evaluated. The percentage of OKT4 cells was significantly decreased in the young patients with severe head injury, whereas the percentage of OKT8 cells remained almost within the normal range. Thus, the ratio of OKT4 to OKT8 cells was decreased. The percentage of Leu-11a cells showed no correlation with severity of injury or age. Lymphocyte stimulation indices were reduced in cases of severe head injury. In this study, patients with severe head injury were immunosuppressed, particularly those under age 35.
Adult↗
Effect of paraquat on serum and lung angiotensin I converting enzyme (AICE) activity in beagle dogs.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between lung or serum angiotensin I converting enzyme (AICE) activity and lung damage due to the administration of paraquat (PQ) which develops into PQ toxicity. Our experimental animals consisted of 19 beagle dogs (1-1.5 years old) that were allocated, randomly, into 2 treatment group, consisting of 11 PQ-treated animals and a control group of 8 saline-treated animals. These canines were administered PQ dichloride sc at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight (PQ group) or sc saline at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg body weight (control group) for 7 to 11 consecutive days; these are doses which had been shown to be toxic to lungs. If a decrease in the animal's body weight was detected, the administration of PQ to that dog was discontinued. Body weight loss was observed in 10 of the 11 dogs treated with PQ. Representative dogs were sacrificed on days 11, 25 and 180 for the determination of both serum and lung AICE activity. The PQ group experienced a reduction in lung AICE activity and an elevation in the serum AICE activity. These results suggest that PQ damaged the endothelial cells of the lung and releasing lung AICE into the circulating blood, which led to an elevated total AICE activity in the serum. This pattern suggested damage to endothelial cells, indicating that PQ produced either continuing or repeated reinjury to lungs. Only the lungs were injured; therefore AICE from the rest of the body would not be expected to contribute to our AICE measurements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[A case of mediastinal schwannoma originating from the intrathoracic vagal nerve].
A 46-years-old man was admitted because of an abnormal shadow on X-ray. The operation underwent under the diagnosis of benign tumor in the antero-superior mediastinum. At the operation, the tumor arise from the right intrathoracic vagal nerve and it was resected with the transection of vagal nerve. The histological diagnosis was schwannoma. Postoperative course was uneventful except the slight hoarseness. Intrathoracic vagal tumor is rare and we have found 19 reported cases among Japanese literatures. This case is considered to be the 20th case originated from the intrathoracic vagal nerve in Japan.
Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
Alteration of insulin and glucagon secretion from the perfused BB rat pancreas before and after the onset of diabetes.
Secretion of insulin and glucagon from perfused BB rat pancreas was examined in rats (5 weeks old; n = 6) before and 2 weeks after (13 weeks old; n = 5) the onset of diabetes mellitus. The secretion of insulin and glucagon was modified by increasing concentrations of glucose in the perfusate from 2.8 mM to 16.5 mM. In 5-week-old BB rats, glucagon secretion was higher at the low glucose concentration (2.8 mM) and insulin secretion lower at the high glucose concentration (16.5 mM) than the corresponding values in age-matched control rats. In 13-week-old BB rats, insulin secretion was undetectable irrespective of glucose concentration. Glucagon secretion was only moderately suppressed by the perfusion of high glucose (16.5 mM) and was significantly higher than that of age-matched controls. The reduction in insulin secretion observed in 5-week-old rats without insulitis indicated that pancreatic B cells of BB rats of this age are somehow injured by humoral factors rather than cell infiltration. Cell function was apparently modified indirectly by the destruction of neighboring B cells.
Aging↗
A comparative immunohistochemical study of calcineurin and S-100 protein in mammalian and avian brains.
The cellular and topographic localization of calcineurin and S-100 protein was examined immunohistochemically in the mammalian and avian brain. Calcineurin immunoreactivity in both the avian and mammalian brain was located only in neuronal cells. S-100 protein was localized mainly in the glial and Schwann cells within the mammalian brain. However, in the avian brain, neuronal cells in certain regions such as the paleostriatum primitivum and the cerebellum, as well as other non-neuronal cells, exhibited S-100 protein immunoreactivity. A distinct difference was demonstrated in the macroscopic topographic distribution patterns of S-100 protein immunoreactivity between the mammalian and avian brains, while the patterns of calcineurin distribution were essentially identical. In addition, we provided calcineurin- and S-100 protein-immunocytochemical results for the turtle, frog and fish brain.
Animals↗
Formation and propagation of brain oedema fluid around human brain metastases. A CT Study.
Computerized tomography (CT) was used to examine the time-course of the propagation of extravasated contrast medium from small brain metastases into the peritumoural oedematous white matter, following infusion of 200 ml of meglumine amidtrizoate for 3 hours. Four patients with a metastatic brain tumour were examined. CT scans at identical levels were taken 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours after start of contrast infusion. Following 4-7 days of dexamethasone treatment (8-12 mg/day i.v.) the examination was repeated. A contrast-enhanced area was observed surrounding the clearly delineated tumours, expanding gradually in a circular fashion into the peritumoural white matter oedema. The expanding circular enhancement was measured planimetrically on the various scans. From these values, the increase in radius/hr respectively in volume/hr was calculated, assuming a spherical geometry. This enabled a determination of the rate of oedema fluid formation and of the speed of oedema fluid propagation. The formation rate of oedema fluid amounted to 0.5-3.2 ml/hour and the speed of oedema fluid spreading to 1.9 mm/hour. Following treatment with dexamethasone the formation rate of oedema fluid is reduced by 30-50%. The important clinical implications of these new findings are discussed.
Aged↗
Effects of a combination of cyclophosphamide and human recombinant interleukin 2 on pulmonary metastasis after the surgical removal of a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced primary tumor in autochthonous mice.
We have investigated the therapeutic effects of a combination of cyclophosphamide (CY, 150 mg/kg, iv) and human recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2, 5 x 10(4) JU/day, ip for 5 days) on autochthonous tumors induced in mice by 3-methylcholanthrene. The initial treatment was carried out when the tumor had reached 8 to 10 mm in diameter. Twenty-eight out of 35 mice (80%) died of local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis of tumor cells within 53 +/- 40 days (mean survival time, MST +/- SD) after the surgical removal of the primary tumor. When these mice were treated with both CY and IL-2 following the operation (Op), only 10 out of 20 mice (50%) died of recurrence and metastasis. The survival rate, however, was not improved by CY chemotherapy alone or IL-2 immunotherapy alone, although each provided a prolongation of the MST. Natural killer cell and LAK precursor cell activities in the spleen cells from the treated mice were found to be restored by IL-2 alone or CY + IL-2, whereas they were suppressed by CY alone. These findings reveal that the restoration of the antitumor activity of spleen cells does not provide an improved therapeutic effect by itself and that IL-2 immunotherapy requires the associated effect of CY chemotherapy to achieve an improved therapeutic effect.
Animals↗
[A method for estimation of salt intake from the results of a food frequency questionnaire].
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Adult↗
The effect of sustained stellate ganglion stimulation on left ventricular contractility in the dog.
Although a progressive reduction in left ventricular contractility during sustained left stellate ganglion stimulation has been well documented, there have been no reports on the contractile state after nerve stimulation. Left ventricular contractility after cessation of 60 min of electrical (10 V. 10 Hz. 1 msec) left stellate ganglion stimulation has been assessed in open chest dogs. Before and 15 min after stimulation, left ventricular contractility was evaluated by the end-systolic pressure-segment length relationship using ultrasonic crystals during a stepwise aortic constriction to increase left ventricular afterload. Restimulation of the left stellate ganglion was also performed 15 min after cessation of the first stimulation. After sustained left stellate ganglion stimulation, the end-systolic points shifted to the right from the control and the slope of multiple pressure-segment length coordinates significantly decreased (102.5 +/- 16.1 to 76.5 +/- 10.2 mmHg/mm, mean +/- S.E., p less than 0.05, n = 5), indicating a depression of left ventricular contractility. Increased left ventricular dP/dt max and norepinephrine level in the coronary sinus gradually returned to near base line during 60 min of stimulation. These reduced responses lasted for at least 15 min after cessation of stimulation. The myocardial norepinephrine content was reduced to 0.59 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- S.E.) ng/mg wet tissue from 0.90 +/- 0.15 of the control level (p less than 0.05). These data suggested that left ventricular contractility decreased after sustained cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation, probably due to norepinephrine reduction in the myocardium.
Animals↗
[A case of cerebral gumma].
A case of cerebral gumma in the left trigonal region is reported. A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on Apr. 23, 1985 with unsteady gait and memory disturbance. Neurological examination revealed slight disorientation, memory disturbance, right homonymous hemianopsia and right hemiparesis. Serological reaction for syphilis was strongly positive, and so was CSF. The CSF showed slight pleocytosis (8/3 lymphocytes) and increased protein content (130 mg/dl). DSA showed no hypervascularity nor tumor stain. Ga brain scan showed no abnormality. The CT scan revealed an irregular low density area near the left trigone with abnormal contrast enhancement. Because of the radiological findings a malignant lymphoma was diagnosed and biopsy was performed, however, histological investigation confirmed the diagnosis of cerebral gumma. The patient was treated with penicillin and reduction of the tumor size was observed on CT scan. Cerebral gumma has been reported only rarely during the last few decades, and there are only a few descriptions of the neuroradiological characteristics of this disease. An accurate diagnosis can be made only by taking into consideration the clinical findings and course, the serological results, and the effect of the antisyphilitic treatment. When dealing with CT imaging similar to an intracranial malignant lymphoma, syphilitic disease of the brain should be regarded as possibly being present.
Aged↗
Antihypertensive effects of the new calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride in conscious, renal-hypertensive dogs.
The antihypertensive action of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4- (m-nitrophenyl)- 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) was evaluated in conscious, renal-hypertensive dogs. When KW-3049 (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg) was orally administered, antihypertensive action and increased heart rate with peak time after 60 to 120 min of administration were observed, and the duration of actions at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg (p.o.) or more lasted for more than 7 h. When nifedipine (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) and nicardipine (1 and 3 mg/kg) were orally given, the duration of antihypertensive action was shorter. Nitrendipine (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.) showed antihypertensive action and increased heart rate with peak time after 45 to 60 min of administration, and the duration of action at 3 mg/kg (p.o.) lasted for 7 h or longer. The antihypertensive activity of KW-3049 at the action peak was 6.1, 12.1 and 8.9 fold as compared with those of nifedipine, nicardipine and nitrendipine, respectively. Also, when KW-3049 at 0.3 mg/kg (p.o.) was administered after 1 h of propranolol (20 mg/kg p.o.) administration, the increase of the heart rate was markedly inhibited while its antihypertensive action remained unchanged. From these results, it was demonstrated that KW-3049 shows potent and long-lasting antihypertensive action with gradual appearance of action, and was suggested that it may be an useful antihypertensive agent.
Animals↗
[Assessment of the spasm at the puncture site in transbrachial digital subtraction angiography (DSA)].
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Adult↗
Aneurysms of the peripheral portion of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery; report of two cases.
Two cases of extremely rare aneurysms of peripheral portions of the AICA are reported with a review of the pertinent literature. According to reported surgical findings, nearly all of the aneurysms originated from arterial loops near the internal acoustic meatus. These aneurysms can therefore, cause the cerebellopontine angle syndrome, with or without subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Aged↗