Biomedical subjects

J I Peters

Publications and source records attributed to J I Peters.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Respiratory effects of high-dose butorphanol.

The effect of butorphanol on respiratory drive was assessed using a carbon dioxide response test (CRT). Eight male volunteers received 3 mg/70 kg of intravenous butorphanol every 30 min to a cumulative dose of 15 mg/70 kg (5 doses). Thirty minutes before the first butorphanol dose, each subject received normal saline to establish a baseline CRT. After each butorphanol dose, a CRT was repeated at 15 min to assess respiratory depression. Minute ventilation was plotted against PaCO2 to generate a regression line for saline and each dose. Slopes and intercepts for each line were calculated by least squares linear regression, and CRT displacement from saline was determined at each dose. The mean slope for each dose was not significantly different from the saline slope (p = 0.23-0.91). The mean displacement (+/- SEM) of the CRT from saline was greatest after the second dose (7.29 +/- 1.94 mm Hg) but not significantly different from the first or subsequent doses (p greater than 0.05). Butorphanol in doses of up to 15 mg/70 kg may have a 'ceiling effect' in respiratory depression.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Lung bullae with air-fluid levels.

Fourteen patients in whom air-fluid levels developed in pre-existing emphysematous bullae were prospectively identified and followed. Although two patients were asymptomatic, 12 patients presented with one or more symptoms of fever, dyspnea, cough, pleuritic chest pain, and/or purulent sputum. Three patients had focal pulmonary abnormalities on physical examination; three patients had elevated leukocyte counts. Exudative fluid with an elevated leukocyte count was aspirated from the bullae of two patients; one aspirate grew Bacteroides melaninogenicus on culture. Bronchoscopy in seven patients influenced neither the diagnosis nor therapy. Thirteen patients received either oral penicillin (11 patients) or oral tetracycline (two patients). Complete resolution of symptoms and air-fluid levels on chest roentgenography occurred in all patients over two to 32 weeks (mean, 12).

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Chronic Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus pneumonia.

Gram-negative bacteria most often affect the lung in an acute, suppurative process; however, these organisms may also produce chronic pneumonia. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus has not been reported previously as a cause of chronic pneumonia. We present a patient with fatal, chronic community-acquired Acinetobacter pneumonia with chest wall invasion at autopsy.

Acinetobacter Infections↗

PubMed1987

One hundred percent oxygen lung injury in adult baboons.

Healthy adult baboons exposed to 100% oxygen for 5 to 7 days maintained on continuous mechanical ventilation develop severe bilateral noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that resembles in many aspects the human adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the present study, we evaluated the effects of hyperoxia for 5 to 6 days in 8 baboons to compare changes in abnormalities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) biochemical markers, hemodynamic measurements, and pulmonary function tests in order to find early predictors of lung injury. All animals had bilateral alveolar infiltrates, severe hypoxemia, and progressive deterioration of pulmonary function tests. Diffuse alveolar damage and mild-moderate pneumonias were found and were associated with low-grade bacterial infection. Total lung capacity, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, pulmonary static compliance, and oxygenation were significantly impaired after Day 5; BALF proteins, elastase, and total polymorphonuclear leukocytes increased significantly at least 24 h before (Day 4) any abnormalities in chest radiographs, pulmonary function tests, and hemodynamic measurements were detected. We conclude that exposure to 100% oxygen in this model causes marked gas exchange, hemodynamic, biochemical, cytologic, radiographic, and pathologic changes similar to those noted in patients with ARDS. Bronchoalveolar lavage abnormalities precede hemodynamic and gas exchange abnormalities.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Respiratory gases.

Respiratory gases have access to the human circulation by diffusing through alveolar walls into pulmonary capillaries. Because of this circulatory access, these gases can act like other types of drugs, and can produce effects both locally in the lungs and systemically in distant organs or tissues. This article reviews the metabolism, pharmacology, and therapeutic use of the three most common gases used in the practice of respiratory medicine: oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium.

Carbon Dioxide↗