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Biomedical subjects

J Hyde

Publications and source records attributed to J Hyde.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Organic acids interfere in the measurement of carbon dioxide concentration by the Kodak Ektachem 700.

A significant discrepancy was noted in our laboratory between the total plasma carbon dioxide concentration measured by the Kodak Ektachem 700 and the bicarbonate concentration derived from the Corning 170 pH/Blood Gas analyser in an 8-day-old patient. The concentration of total carbon dioxide was 18 mmol/L while the derived bicarbonate was 13 mmol/L. The patient was eventually diagnosed as maple syrup urine disease. This finding led us to examine the effect of various organic acids on the measurement of carbon dioxide by the Ektachem 700. Several interfered significantly. Clinicians should be aware that when organic acid concentrations are increased, the Ektachem 700 total carbon dioxide result may be falsely raised.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Protooncogene amplification and tumor ploidy in human ovarian neoplasms.

DNA from 24 ovarian tumors, including 16 carcinomas, was examined for amplification of the proto-oncogenes c-myc, int-2, and rc-erbB-2. All cases of carcinoma were also examined by flow cytometry for DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis, and eight cases of carcinoma were examined for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Protooncogene amplification was not detected in the DNA of benign ovarian neoplasms, or of ovarian carcinomas with low malignant potential. Amplification of c-myc was detected in six of 12 cases of invasive carcinoma, int-2 amplification was present in one case, and c-erbB-2 amplification was not detected in any case. Among the seven cases evidencing protooncogene amplification, three cases showed aneuploidy in tumor DNA, while four showed diploidy. Two cases which showed aneuploidy in tumor DNA did not demonstrate any degree of protooncogene amplification. Protooncogene amplification was frequently associated with morphologic nuclear anaplasia and high mitotic count. Six of the seven cases demonstrating c-myc or int-2 were of the serous type or showed some degree of serous differentiation, while none of the four cases of purely mucinous carcinoma had evidence of amplification. While the total number of cases in the study was limited, it would appear from the trend demonstrated by the data that protooncogene amplification (particularly c-myc) may be involved in the pathogenesis of aggressive common epithelial tumors of the ovary.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1990

Obesity and mortality in the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study.

Using data from the Lipid Research Clinics Program for 1972-1983, the study presented here examined weight history and two indices of obesity: the body mass index (BMI) and the triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness. Cox regression analyses with and without adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors revealed a significant (p less than 0.05) quadratic association between BMI and all-causes mortality among men, but not women, after an average 8.4 years of follow-up; mortality was relatively high at both extremes of the BMI distribution. The association was stronger among smokers compared with nonsmokers, and it was apparent among male normotensives, but not hypertensives. All TSF-mortality associations and BMI associations with cancer and coronary heart disease mortality were weak and nonsignificant. Among men, per cent weight change in adulthood showed a significant inverse association with all-causes and cancer mortality. Because BMI and weight history were significantly associated with mortality after adjustment for other risk factors, they appear to be independent predictors of mortality among men.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Evaluating the outcomes of AIDS education.

AIDS provides a unique challenge to health educators, requiring continuous evaluation and modification of educational strategies. Pretest and posttest questionnaires were thus used to assess the outcomes of AIDS training sessions. Results show that hour-long sessions result in knowledge acquisition and increased confidence among a demographically representative sample of 3,966 U.S. trainees. Results also reveal the dynamic nature of a training session, with some trainees exhibiting learning and others retaining either correct or incorrect responses or changing from one incorrect to another incorrect answer. Content areas that showed the most learning were sharing a glass or food with and being sneezed on by someone infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Areas resistant to learning included the possibility of transmission from receiving blood transfusions, eating in a restaurant where a cook is infected, being bitten by a mosquito, giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, and providing first aid to someone infected. Repeat training sessions that take into account affective dimensions as well as the diverse needs of adult learners are recommended.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Rape guidelines.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1989

Stress for beginners.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Unknown syndrome: pachygyria, joint contractures, and facial abnormalities.

A male infant, the offspring of a father-daughter mating, is described. He had a lethal condition consisting of brachycephaly, large fontanelles, a flat face, a small nose with thin nares, hypertelorism, small ears with cystic pinnae, camptodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and hypoplastic lungs and kidneys. The brain was very short in the anterior-posterior diameter with simplified broad convolutions (a form of pachygyria).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1988

Cyclic seasonal variation in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Placebo Group.

Seasonal plasma lipid and lipoprotein cycles were studied in 1446 hypercholesterolemic 35-59 year-old men followed for 7 years as the placebo group of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT). Separate periodic time series were calculated for each study participant; mean parameter estimates were obtained by vector algebra. Highly significant (p less than 0.001) synchronous sinusoidal seasonal cycles, peaking in the first month of winter, were demonstrated for plasma levels of total (TOT-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol. Their mean seasonal changes (nadir to zenith) were 7.4, 6.4, and 0.8 mg/dl, respectively. An irregular but statistically significant seasonal pattern was also observed for plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, with peak levels in the autumn. The variation of these seasonal effects among subgroups and geographic locales and their correlation with seasonal weight and dietary patterns yielded few clues as to their underlying etiologic mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A clinical diagnostic model for the assessment of asbestosis: a new algorithmic approach.

Asbestosis, one of the pneumoconioses that is defined by a set of clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings, occurs as a result of exposure to asbestos fibers. Several approaches have attempted to describe the presence, progression, or extent of asbestosis. However, these approaches have attempted to describe the presence, progression, or extent of asbestosis. However, these approaches have limitations or lack correlations with other diagnostic modalities. We propose a comprehensive clinical diagnostic model that uses the sensitivities and specificities of the various clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings to generate a set of "likelihood numbers." These likelihood numbers, contribute to the calculation of a value that can indicate the probability of asbestosis. The clinical diagnostic model is heuristic in that a specific feature supportive of the diagnosis of asbestosis may be tested as to its sensitivity and specificity, and new features may be added to the model. The model also indicates how probabilistic a given set of findings is in the diagnosis of asbestosis and suggests what additional data may make the diagnosis more or less statistically probable. Regarding the radiologic considerations of asbestosis, the strength of the clinical diagnostic model is that it is capable of supporting a diagnosis of asbestosis in the presence of a normal chest radiograph and, conversely, may reject the diagnosis of asbestosis despite the radiographic finding of pulmonary fibrosis.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal cholesterol cycles: the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group.

Seasonal variation of plasma cholesterol levels was studied in 1446 hypercholesterolemic 35- to 59-year-old male participants in the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group. Each man's serial cholesterol data, obtained at bimonthly intervals for 2.0 to 6.5 years, were analyzed as a separate periodic time series, and distributions of cycle zeniths and amplitudes were calculated. A highly significant (chi 2= 706, 2 degrees of freedom) seasonal effect, 7.4 mg/dl higher on December 30 than on June 30, was found. This effect was similar among the 12 LRC centers, including such disparate climates as those of Minneapolis and San Diego, and tended to be larger in the southern centers. Its magnitude was independent of baseline levels of plasma cholesterol and other baseline characteristics. Observed seasonal differences in weight and diet explained less than one-third of the seasonal variation in plasma cholesterol levels. Plasma low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, analyzed similarly, also showed significant synchronous seasonal cycles. Plasma triglyceride levels showed a weaker irregular seasonal pattern, highest in midsummer and late autumn and lowest in spring. The etiologies and mechanisms for these seasonal patterns remain largely unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The dexamethasone suppression test and prediction of outcome in patients receiving ECT.

Twenty-six in-patients satisfying DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode were assessed using the Newcastle Diagnostic and ECT Predictor Scales and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), prior to commencing a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The Newcastle ECT Predictor Scale was successful in predicting both immediate outcome and outcome over the 6 months following ECT; the DST was unsuccessful in predicting either immediate or 6-month outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

DNA-mediated transfer of cAMP resistance in CHO cells.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) strain 10215 carries a dominant mutation which confers resistant to cAMP by virtue of an altered catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Evain et al., 1979). This mutation was transferred to wild-type CHO cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Based on the absence of cAMP growth inhibition, seven transformant colonies were isolated. One of these, 11586, was studied in detail. This transformant showed the same phenotype as the mutant, including resistance to the morphological changes and growth inhibitory effects of 1 mM 8-Br-cAMP, reduced total cAMP dependent protein kinase activity and lowered sensitivity of the kinase to cAMP activation. When the cAMP-dependent protein kinase was fractionated on a DEAE-cellulose column, the transformant was lacking in type II cAMP dependent protein activity, to the same degree as the mutant. The transformant and mutant, but not wild-type cells, also failed to phosphorylate a 52,000-dalton protein in a cAMP-dependent manner. These characteristics support the conclusion that the gene for the mutant cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been transferred. The ability to transfer this gene by DNA-mediated transfer suggests that this methodology may be useful for the molecular isolation of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1985

DNA-mediated gene transfer of a mutant regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

We have used DNA-mediated gene transfer of genomic DNA to introduce into wild-type Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells a mutant gene that confers resistance to the growth inhibitory effect of cAMP. This dominant mutation in CHO cell line 10248 is responsible for an alteration in the RI subunit (RI*) of the type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Singh, T. J., Hochman, J., Verna, R., Chapman, M., Abraham, I., Pastan, I.H., and Gottesman, M.M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13927-13933). The transformant 11564 which was studied in detail, has the same characteristics as the original mutant 10248 including continued growth in medium containing 8-Br-cAMP, an increase in the Ka for cAMP activation of the kinase, a greatly reduced amount of type II protein kinase activity, an altered incorporation of the photoaffinity label 8-N3[32P]cAMP into the RI* subunit of PKI, and an absence of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a Mr = 52,000 protein in intact cells. In addition, analysis of the DNA of the transformant indicates the presence of an increased amount of DNA for the RI gene. These results are consistent with the transfer of a mutant gene for the RI* subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and its phenotypic expression in the transformant and also support the hypothesis that the mutation responsible for the defect in cell line 10248 is due to an alteration in the gene for RI.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1977

A prepaid medical plan. Cost, use, and effects in a retirement home.

A model experience of a prepaid medical plan for a group of people is analyzed. No-barrier cost and physician access lead to altered use characteristics. Among these are increased physician, nurse, and nursing home use, and decreased hospital use. The overall cost is increased. Any comprehensive health-care plan that would propose comprehensive first-dollar coverage would likely encounter similar use characteristics.

Aged↗