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Biomedical subjects

J Huber

Publications and source records attributed to J Huber.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Insulinomas in MEN-I patients: early detection and treatment of insulinomas in patients with the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type-I.

In the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type I (MEN-I syndrome), periodic screening of patients and their close relatives may improve prognosis and life expectancy. Although there is diffuse involvement of the pancreas with microadenomatosis, insulinomas in the MEN-I syndrome usually occur as single tumours. This is illustrated here by two patients with insulinomas and the MEN-I syndrome. Preoperative localization of the tumours was achieved accurately by digital subtraction angiography combined with dynamic computerized tomography after a bolus injection of contrast medium. At present, two and three years after elective surgery both patients are asymptomatic. The early detection and treatment of insulinomas is extremely important because of the high risk of cerebral damage associated with late diagnosis. Periodic investigation of MEN-I family members can promote the early diagnosis and treatment of insulinomas, especially in young patients, whose life expectancy and quality of life may be improved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath in immunodeficiency T- or B-lymphocyte area?

T- and B-lymphocyte populations in peripheral lymphoid tissues occur in distinct compartments (e.g., the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath of the splenic white pulp is a T-cell area). The authors report on two patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and one patient with immunodeficiency after anti-T-cell treatment for rejection of a heart transplant, in which the area surrounding the central arteriole in spleen white pulp was well-populated despite T-cell deficiency (documented by, for example, severe depletion of lymph node paracortex). Immunologic phenotyping showed the B-lymphoid lineage of lymphocytes at this location. The framework in the periarteriolar area consisted of follicular dendritic cells, which are typical framework components of B-cell areas. We conclude that assessment of only conventional histopathology of the spleen in these patients leads to erroneous conclusions about the type of immunodeficiency and that immunologic phenotyping is required to document the exact nature of the deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effect of human interleukin 1 on proteoglycan metabolism in human and porcine cartilage explants.

Human interleukin 1 (IL-1), up to 100 pg/ml, causes a decrease of the proteoglycan content of human (old and young) as well as porcine cartilage explants, without stimulating the proteoglycan release from the cartilage. The proteoglycan depletion is stronger in young than in old human cartilage and stronger in human than in porcine cartilage. The proteoglycan synthesis is considerably more inhibited by IL-1 in young than in old human cartilage. Our data suggest that an IL-1 induced inhibition of the proteoglycan synthesis, rather than a stimulation of proteoglycan breakdown causes the proteoglycan depletion of the cartilage. The data furthermore suggest a clear difference between young and old human cartilage, with respect to their sensitivity for IL-1. IL-1 in a concentration of 500 pg/ml causes in all 3 kinds of cartilage explants chondrocyte damage that might be relevant in the cartilage destruction during rheumatoid arthritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Indications to an NADPH oxidase as a possible pO2 sensor in the rat carotid body.

The rat carotid body superfused with low pO2 exhibited an optical absorbance spectrum which resembles the reduced spectrum of the NADPH oxidase in neutrophils. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI) as a specific inhibitor of the oxidase attenuated the reduced absorbance spectrum in the carotid body. Also absorbance bleaching by low doses of cyanide (50 and 100 microM) was inhibited by DPI, whereas higher doses of cyanide (300 microM) caused an absorbance spectrum typical for reduced cytochromes. It is concluded that an NADPH oxidase acts as a pO2 sensor in the carotid body with low affinity for oxygen and high affinity for cyanide.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia as a possible cause of androgenetic alopecia in the female].

31 female patients suffering from androgentic alopecia were examined by means of the TRH test with regard to hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia. Before, as well as 20 and 40 minutes after, application of thyroxine releasing hormone (TRH), the serum concentrations of the hypohyseal thyroxine stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In 7 of the patients (23%), we found increased TSH levels after stimulation with TRH--indicative of hypothyroidism. In 9 of the patients (29%), we observed increased PRL levels after TRH stimulation, indicating prolactinemia. TSH and PRL can interact with androgen metabolism at various levels. Thyroxine may influence the unbound, metabolically active testosterone via the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Prolactine, which is stimulated by TRH, promotes the suprarenal cortisol and androgen production. In 48% of the patients, we found either hypothyroidism or hyperprolactinemia. This suggests that both conditions may contribute to the clinical picture of female androgenetic alopecia, as they interfere with the androgen metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fetal limb constriction: a possible complication of CVS.

A case of fetal loss due to infection after first-trimester chorionic villus sampling is described. The fetus was born at 18 3/7 weeks and showed an annular constriction of one of the arms as seen in the amniotic band sequence. Induction of congenital defects might be one of the complications of chorionic villus sampling.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed1989

Stimulant effect of the immunomodulator MTP-PE on proliferation of monocytic cells in the guinea pig.

The effect of a single subcutaneous injection of various doses of the lipophilic muramyl tripeptide MTP-PE on cell proliferation was investigated in autoradiographs of histological sections of various organs of the guinea pig. The animals either received first MTP-PE in saline and then one 3H-thymidine pulse 1 h prior to sacrifice, or they were prelabeled with 3H-thymidine and then received MTP-PE. The number of proliferating cells increased up to between two and fivefold (marginally after 0.3 mg/kg and maximally after 30 mg/kg MTP-PE), but differed in the various organs. In addition, the time of the maximal increase varied between 5 h and 72 h after MTP-PE treatment and also depended on the organ. The majority of proliferating cells were of the monocyte lineage seen in conjunction with the vascular system. They were apparently promonocytes still capable of proliferation. Evidence for this conclusion is derived from (i) the distribution of 1 h-pulse-labeled cells in the various organ compartments in relation to the stimulated proliferation of the bone-marrow cells, and (ii) the distribution of the prelabeled, mainly bone-marrow derived cells, to the various organs. The augmented proliferation of the monocyte lineage is preceded by a dose-dependent, short-lasting increase in the proliferation of some epithelia and also by an increase in body temperature and a transient change in plasma proteins. These effects are part of a limited inflammatory reaction and may contribute to the immunostimulation.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1989

Laparoscopic surgery for tubal pregnancies utilizing laser.

Nine cases of ectopic pregnancy were treated by laser supported tubotomy and subsequent endoscopic evacuation by a forceps. The location of the ectopic pregnancies were as follows: ampulla (one patient); isthmus (five patients); and fallopian tube (three patients, in two of whom the whole tube was a hematosalpinx). The incision in the tube was made on the antimesenteric side according to the position and size of the ectopic pregnancy using an Nd YAG laser. Tissue destruction of the Nd YAG laser was diminished by using a crystal. After the incision, the conceptional debris was removed by a forceps. In all cases the fallopian tube was left open. Three months after the operation an X-ray was performed. In all nine cases, patent tubes could be documented on the affected and on the contralateral side. In the two patients with hematosalpinx, adhesions of the treated tube were found.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Predictors of foetal and neonatal mortality in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. A multivariate analysis.

In Curaçao a systematic and comprehensive investigation of numerous factors, potentially associated with an increased risk of foetal and neonatal mortality, was carried out in a 2-year period (1984-85). The inquiry was restricted to singleton births. Data on 205 women who experienced pregnancy loss were compared with those on 913 women who did not sustain foetal or neonatal loss. Data comprised information on maternal characteristics, clinical course of pregnancy and delivery, and neonatal characteristics. Of 130 factors measured, 14 were entered into a multivariate analysis. From the analysis 5 risk factors emerged as significant predictors of mortality: gestational age, birth weight, sex, foetal presentation and congenital anomalies. Factors such as social class, marital status, maternal age and parity were not associated with an increased risk of foetal and neonatal mortality in Curaçao.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Arbaprostil's [15(R)-15-methyl PGE2] effects on intrauterine pressure in the nonpregnant and pregnant human female--a report of four clinical trials.

Four clinical trials evaluating arbaprostil's effects on the human uterus are reported. The initial two trials measured intrauterine pressures in nonpregnant and pregnant human females following arbaprostil doses of 10, 25, and/or 50 mcg. No statistical differences were found at any dosage level in either study for average uterine resting pressures, average peak pressures, the number of contractions or Montevideo units. Subsequently, two trials determined the abortifacient potential of arbaprostil in pregnant women during the first trimester. The first utilized total daily doses of 400 and 800 mcgs. while the second used total daily doses of 1200 and 1600 mcgs. Vaginal spotting was noted in one woman receiving 400 mcgs, three receiving 1200 mcgs. and in two receiving 1600 mcgs. One episode of moderate bleeding was seen in the latter study. Based on these studies, arbaprostil exhibits little potential for inducing abortifacient activity at these dosages in these patient populations.

Arbaprostil↗
PubMed1989

[Endoscopic laser incision of the polycystic ovary].

Eight patients with a polycystic ovarial syndrome diagnosed endoscopically and endocrinologically were treated by laser incision of the ovaries via laparoscopy. The eight patients were preoperatively Clomiphen-refractory. After the incision, in every case spontaneous menstrual bleeding could be observed. Also in five women ovulation occurred, whilst in three cases, ovulation induction by Clomiphen was carried out successfully. Nevertheless these three patients were immediately after Clomiphen-refractory again. The observation period of the other five patients varied between 4 and 6 months. During this time an ovulation could be confirmed in all of them using basal temperature measurements. Pregnancy has not occurred in any to the present date.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed1989

Acute thymus involution during infancy and childhood: immunohistology of the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues after acute illness.

We previously reported that the histologic grade of accidental involution of the thymus in infancy and childhood after a short period of acute illness correlates strongly with the duration of illness (Van Baarlen et al., Hum Pathol 1988;19:1155-60). We now extend this finding by reporting the phenotypic expression of thymus lymphoid and stromal cells. The thymic findings were correlated with changes in peripheral lymphoid organs. In the involuted thymus the immature and proliferating lymphoid populations that are present in the normal (uninvoluted) cortex were completely absent but the cortical epithelial network remained essentially intact even with increasing histologic grades of involution. Cells expressing the phenotype of subcapsular and medullary epithelium were found in this cortical stroma. In the subcapsular area, loss of expression of thymosin components alpha 1 and beta 4 was observed, without loss of epithelial cells. In the medulla a loss of cells expressing HLA-DR was observed, probably reflecting a loss of interdigitating cells. There was no correlation between changes in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

The thymus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Comparison with other types of immunodeficiency diseases, and presence of components of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

The authors studied thymus specimens taken at autopsy from eight acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and compared these with those taken from four patients with congenital immunodeficiency (unrelated to an intrinsic thymus defect) and seven patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In all cases, histology showed a severely involuted architecture, compatible with a debilitating disease before death. There were no major differences between thymus tissue in AIDS patients and in the other patients studied. This argues against the claim expressed in the literature that the epithelial microenvironment incurs particular HIV-1-induced injury in AIDS. This conclusion is substantiated by immunohistochemistry for HIV-1 gag and env proteins, and by hybridohistochemistry for gag/pol and env mRNA of HIV-1. Positive cells were observed only in low numbers, both inside the epithelial parenchyma and in the (expanded) perivascular areas. An interesting finding was the labeling of subcapsular/medullary epithelium in normal uninvoluted thymus by a number of antibodies to HIV-1 gag p17 and p24 proteins. Compatible with this labeling was the staining of epithelial stalks in hyperinvoluted thymuses irrespective of disease category. The previously reported cross-reactivity between HIV-1 core protein and thymosin alpha 1 cannot fully explain this observation, because the epithelium in the hyperinvoluted state is negative for thymosin alpha 1. This study confirms and extends previous reports on the endogenous presence of epitopes of retroviral antigens in thymic epithelium.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of oral contraceptives on bone density in climacteric females].

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of long-term administration of oral contraceptives on bone density in climacteric women. Two hundred (n = 200) climacteric women were allocated to three study groups (I, II, III). The first (n = 30) one had been using oral contraceptives for more than 10 years, the second (n = 50) one for between 2 and 9 years, while the third (n = 120) one had never used oral contraceptives. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the left forearm was measured by single photon absorptiometry. The results demonstrate that osteoporosis occurs later and is less frequent during the peri-menopause (p less than 0.05) in women who have used oral contraceptives on a long-term basis (greater than 10 yr). Our findings confirm that there is an important correlation between longterm use of oral contraceptives and bone density.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Results of cyclosporin treatment of severe, chronic psoriasis vulgaris].

Controlled double-blind studies have demonstrated the efficacy of 14 mg/kg per day cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with severe psoriasis. Recently a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study confirmed that CsA therapy (mean dose 5.5 mg/kg/day improves psoriasis significantly. We have carried out a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial involving 12 patients suffering from severe psoriasis resistant to local therapy. Within 4 weeks, 5 mg/kg per day CsA resulted in 6 patients in a mean reduction of 72.5% of the PASI score, which differed significantly from the mean reduction of 18.1% in 6 patients receiving placebo. The most important side-effect was reversible hypertension in 1 patient. The preliminary results of a dose-finding study that started recently indicate that 1-3 mg/kg per day CsA results in a significant improvement in the patient's condition.

Administration, Oral↗