Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Hostein

Publications and source records attributed to J Hostein.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Modulation of the migrating myoelectric complex by brain noradrenergic systems in rats.

The respective role of central and peripheral noradrenergic systems in the control of migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was investigated in rats following lesions with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). 6-OHDA was injected via intraperitoneal (ip), intracisternal (icis), and intracerebroventricular (icv) routes in rats. Control animals received the vehicle alone. One month later, MMC was recorded in conscious rats chronically fitted with electrodes. The MMC period was significantly lengthened after 6-OHDA ip or icv injection, and slightly shortened after 6-OHDA icis injection. No disruption of central noradrenergic systems was detected after ip lesions. Norepinephrine content was reduced in the digestive tract after ip lesions, in the spinal cord after icis lesions, and in the cortex, the hypothalamus, pons-medulla, and the spinal cord after icv lesions. After icis lesions, noradrenergic perikarya were spared in pons-medulla, whereas only pons noradrenergic perikarya were lesioned after icv lesions. We conclude that lesions of brain noradrenergic systems modify MMC periodicity in rats. The rostral noradrenergic systems may play the major modulatory role.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Scintigraphic study of gallbladder emptying and duodenogastric reflux during non-ulcerous dyspepsia.

Cholescintigraphy with technetium 99m hydroxy imino diacetic acid (99mTc-HIDA) was used to study gallbladder emptying (GE) and duodenogastric reflux (DGR) simultaneously during the postprandial period in humans. Two groups of subjects were examined prospectively; one was a group of healthy volunteers (n = 14) and the other a group of patients with non-ulcerous dyspepsia (NUD) (n = 22). Symptoms were quantified using a clinical score (CS). GE kinetics was quantified according to two indices. DGR episodes were detected by an image-subtraction method and quantified. The group of patients with NUD showed significant early acceleration of GE (P less than 0.01). One DGR episode equivalent to 1% of the injected dose was observed in 1 of the 14 control subjects, and greater than 1% in 3 of the 22 NUD patients. However, there was no correlation between the CS, GE kinetics and DGR episodes. The physiopathological mechanism and clinical significance of these digestive motility anomalies remain to be demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Is there an abnormal fasting duodenogastric reflux in nonulcer dyspepsia?

A quantitatively and/or qualitatively abnormal duodenogastric reflux (DGR) could be involved in the pathogenesis of nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD). The aims of this prospective study were to look for (1) a pathological DGR profile during fasting and (2) an eventual correlation between DGR profile and clinical symptoms. Twenty-six NUD patients were investigated. Seven other operated patients with a surgical procedure facilitating DGR episodes and 27 healthy volunteers served as control groups. A clinical score was determined for each patient from a standardized questionnaire. Gastric aspiration was performed for 6 hr in fasting subjects. The aspirates were pooled into 17 samples. In each sample the concentration and the output of total bile acids was determined. If the concentration was larger than 30 mumol/liter in pooled samples, the concentrations of free bile acids and the distribution of the conjugated bile acids was determined. The percentage of aliquots with a total bile acid concentration larger than 50 mumol/liter (without upper limit), and the percentage with a concentration larger than 2500 mumol/liter was also obtained. No significant difference was demonstrated between the healthy volunteers and NUD patients, whatever the parameter considered. However, there was a significant increase in each of the quantitative parameters for the group of operated patients in comparison with the NUD patient group. No significant correlation was found between the clinical score and the DGR profile in NUD patients. Apparently, DGR episodes do not play a primary role in the pathogenesis of NUD.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Duodenogastric reflux: diagnostic approach and incidence in dyspeptic disorders].

Duodeno-gastric reflux might be responsible for a number of acute and/or chronic diseases of the oesophagus and stomach. However, no consensus has emerged from published clinical or experimental studies concerning the relationship between duodeno-gastric reflux and digestive tract disease. This inconsistency could be partly linked to the difficulties in detection and quantification of duodeno-gastric reflux episodes and, consequently, in differentiation between physiological and pathological reflux. A critical review of the different diagnostic methods is therefore submitted here. An application of duodeno-gastric reflux evaluation to the inter-digestive period in non-ulcerous dyspepsia was carried out. The preliminary results of this prospective study do not favor an immediate responsibility of a quantitatively abnormal fasting reflux in non-ulcerous dyspepsia. However, other applications of duodeno-gastric reflux analysis taking into account not only the quantitative aspect but also the composition of the reflux material, (selective bile acids, phospholipids, etc.) are necessary.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

[Campylobacter pylori: diagnostic value of the urease test during endoscopy].

The aims of this prospective study were a) to evaluate the diagnostic value of the urease test for the detection of C. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens, b) to specify the prevalence of C. pylori in a sample of 74 patients from the Grenoble area undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, c) to analyze the density of bacteria according to the biopsy site (antrum, body, edges of ulcer), d) to demonstrate any possible correlation between the histologic state of the antral and body mucosa and the presence of C. pylori. An antral biopsy was taken for the urease test during endoscopy. Biopsies were also taken from the body, the antrum and the edges of gastric or duodenal ulcers for bacterial and histologic studies, and urease test in the bacterial laboratory. The sensitivity and the specificity of the urease test during endoscopy varied according to the delay in observation of the color change. They were 0.81 and 0.84, respectively, at 2 h 30. The sensitivity and specificity of the urease test in the bacterial laboratory were 0.67 and 0.95, respectively, for the same delay. The global prevalence of C. pylori was 51 p. 100: it was 42 p. 100 in the absence of ulcer, 67 p. 100 in the presence of gastric ulcer, and 71 p. 100 in the presence of duodenal ulcer (p less than 0.05 compared to the group without ulcer).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗