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Biomedical subjects

J Horton

Publications and source records attributed to J Horton.

241 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and comparison of two doses of recombinant DNA yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine in Ethiopian children.

Hepatitis B virus infection and its sequelae, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), are important medical problems in Ethiopia. There is a possibility to prevent these by mass immunization of neonates and children. To achieve this, the cost of the hepatitis B vaccine must be possible within the limited health budget of the country. This study, therefore, was conducted to find out comparative safety and immunogenicity of two doses, 10 mcg and 20 mcg, of recombinant DNA yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine in children, 2-14 years old. Three hundred and fourteen non-immune children, from an initial sample of 380 children, were grouped into those below and those above 8 years of age. Each group was further subdivided into boys and girls and each group was given either 10 mcg or 20 mcg hepatitis B vaccine, alternately, using the 0-1-6 months schedule. Anti-HBs titres were determined at one, two and seven months. Side effects were recorded by parents for three days following each injection. Comparison of seroconversion rates (97-100%) and anti-HBs geometric mean titres (3421-6336) of boosted vaccinees in the different sex, age and dose groups showed no significant differences. There were minor side effects recorded in 76 children. Therefore, the 10 mcg and 20 mcg doses of recombinant DNA yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine are equally safe and highly immunogenic in children 3-14 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trials of single-agent and combination chemotherapy for advanced cancer of the pancreas.

In a study of 127 patients with advanced measurable pancreatic cancer, objective response rates of 2% (melphalan), 10% (5-FU and methyl-CCNU), and 7% (5-FU, methyl-CCNU, and streptozocin) were achieved. No responses occurred in the 28 patients treated with VP-16-213 who had already received prior chemotherapy. Toxicity was greater for the two- and three-drug combinations than for melphalan. There was no difference in survival following use of the three treatment regimens. Further studies are needed to develop effective chemotherapy for patients with cancer of the pancreas.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of renal carcinoma: a phase III randomized trial of oral medroxyprogesterone (Provera), hydroxyurea, and nafoxidine.

Seventy patients with metastatic renal carcinoma were randomized to receive hydroxyurea, nafoxidine, or medroxyprogesterone (Provera) orally. Sixty patients were considered evaluable, with a response rate of 5% for medroxyprogesterone (one complete remission) and hydroxyurea (one partial remission) and a response rate of 16% for nafoxidine (two complete remissions and one partial remission). Differences in response rates and duration of survival were not statistically significant. The major toxicity observed with hydroxyurea was hematologic, and the major toxic effect of nafoxidine was an ichthyosis-like skin rash. Toxicity for medroxyprogesterone was minimal.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma with AMSA.

AMSA in a dose of 120 mg/m2 iv every 4 weeks was evaluated in 26 patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer, 13 of whom had had no prior chemotherapy. The schedule was tolerated well except by those patients who had prior irradiation or chemotherapy, in whom a dose reduction to 90 mg/m2 was required. No significant antitumor response was observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phase II study of maytansine in patients with advanced lymphomas: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group pilot study.

During phase I trials with maytansine some activity against lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia was noted. Therefore, a phase II trial of maytansine in patients with advanced lymphomas refractory to conventional chemotherapy was begun. There were three partial responders (10%) among 31 patients entered in the trial. Toxicity was acceptable; gastrointestinal and neurologic side effects were the most common. Little myelotoxicity and no hepatotoxicity were observed. We conclude that maytansine has very limited activity in heavily pretreated patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung using methyl-CCNU (NSC-95441) combined with cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) and vincristine (NSC-67574) in a 3-week schedule.

Twenty-six patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with a combination of methyl-CCNU (75 mg/m2 orally), cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2iv), and vincristine (1.4 mg/m2iv) once every 3 weeks and followed for 2-56 weeks (mean, 24 weeks). An average of seven treatments were given per patient. Myelotoxicity was mild to moderate with no white blood cell count (wbc) less than 1000 cells/mm3 and no platelet count less than 25,000 cells/mm3. Six patients (23%) had a wbc of 1000-2000 cells/mm3 and two (8%) had a platelet count of 25,000-75,000 cells/mm3. Sixty-eight persons of the projected dose of methyl-CCNU was given. Fourteen of 22 patients with measurable disease (54%) responded. Of 14 patients who had received no prior treatment 64% responded with a median survival duration of 40 weeks. Complete responses occurred only in patients without prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy. We conclude that methyl-CCNU may be given with an acceptable level of toxicity in an every 3-week schedule and that the combination of cyclophosphamide, methyl-CCNU, and vincristine warrants further evaluation in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Adult↗