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Biomedical subjects

J Hooper

Publications and source records attributed to J Hooper.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Mycobacterial disease in the musculoskeletal system.

Over a six-year period, 12 patients were admitted to a Melbourne teaching hospital with mycobacterial infections of the musculoskeletal system. Four of the infections involved soft tissue and these included three atypical mycobacterial infections. The average age at diagnosis was 60 years. Five patients were born outside Australia. The predisposing factors included a past or family history of tuberculosis, pre-existing arthritis, alcoholism, earlier trauma, and membership of certain occupations. The average delay in diagnosis was four months. Treatment involved a combination of appropriate medication and surgical procedures that ranged from diagnostic aspiration to amputation. Mycobacterial infection of the musculoskeletal system, although uncommon in Australia, remains an important problem that requires continued awareness for early diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The incidence of HTLV-III/LAV seroconversion and non-A, non-B hepatitis in recipients of plasma products.

Several groups including ours at Hyland have studied the incidence of HTLV-III/LAV seroconversion and non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) in recipients of products made from unscreened plasma. Of 18 previously untreated patients who received heat-treated factor VIII concentrate (HEMOFIL T), none seroconverted for HTLV-III/LAV. However, 11 of 13 similarly treated patients showed aminotransferase elevations indicative of NANBH. None of 21 patients receiving anti-inhibitor coagulant complex (Autoplex) seroconverted for HTLV-III/LAV, while 28 of 50 patients receiving other forms of treatment did seroconvert. Of 30 recipients of AUTOPLEX, 9 had elevated aminotransferase levels. Since all patients had hepatitis B markers when the study began, a diagnosis of NANBH cannot be made. Of 16 patients who received large doses of immune globulin for intravenous administration (IGIV, GAMMAGARD), none seroconverted for HTLV-III/LAV. Retrospective and prospective studies of 157 recipients of GAMMAGARD did not reveal a single case of NANBH attributable to receipt of this product. In contrast, NANBH has occurred following administration of HEMOFIL T, indicating that heating in the dried state does not eliminate the NANBH agent(s). In spite of lingering concerns about NANBH infectivity, the available data strongly suggest that heat treatment and/or cold ethanol fractionation render these plasma products safe from HTLV-III infectivity.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Safety of an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation: lack of seroconversion for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies.

A retrospective analysis of 18 patients who had received a human intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) preparation was undertaken to ascertain the safety of this preparation with respect to transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients were followed up by means of periodic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of circulating antibodies against HIV; a negative ELISA was evidence that HIV had not been transmitted to the recipients of IGIV. Results in 16 patients were negative, and two patients were determined to have had false-positive ELISAs because the Western blot test was negative for seroconversion. It is thus concluded that the IGIV product tested has little or no potential for transmitting HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Detoxification from alcohol at home managed by general practitioners.

General practitioners have an important role in identifying and responding to problem drinkers, but no study has attempted to document their use of detoxification at home. A questionnaire was mailed to all general practitioners in Exeter Health District (n = 168) that was concerned with how they managed patients who presented with problems related to alcohol. The 145 (86%) responses showed that collectively they were identifying many more cases of problem drinking than any other local treatment agency. Of the estimated 230 patients a year for whom detoxification was arranged, half were managed at home, 40% in a local psychiatric hospital, and 9% in a local general hospital. Of those who were managed at home, 38% were unsupervised, a close relative held the medication for 45%, and 17% were supervised by a nurse. Fifty six percent (81) of doctors favoured chlormethiazole (Heminevrin) treatment, and many (17%) were prepared to prescribe this for longer than 10 days. Three quarters of the respondents thought that there was a need for specialist community services, such as community alcohol teams, to support general practitioners by supervising detoxification at home.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1983

Movement of the ankle joint after driving a screw across the inferior tibiofibular joint.

Twenty-eight patients with fracture-subluxation of the ankle were studied for at least 1 year after fixation with an oblique fibulotibial screw, supplemented when necessary by a screw in the medial malleolus and loops of wire around the fibula. The range of movement at each ankle was measured at 6 weeks and 1 year after operation. The patient's comments on mobility and symptoms were also noted. Irrespective of the radiological severity of the injury, 6 of the 28 had full movement at 6 weeks, and 13 at 1 year, and a further 9 had movement reduced by less than 5 mm, at 1 year, at which time 22 were free from symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

How useful is cerebrospinal fluid lactate estimation in differential diagnosis of meningitis?

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate (CSF) was measured by a rapid enzymatic method in 230 patients admitted with a suspected diagnosis of central nervous system infection. In all untreated cases of bacterial meningitis the levels exceeded 4.3 mmol/l and fell below 3.9 mmol/l in most patients with virus meningitis. We believe values of 3.9-4.3 mmol/l should be considered borderline as occasional CSF samples in cases of virus meningitis yield values in this range. However, distinction between untreated pyogenic meningitis and virus meningitis is rarely problematic in clinical practice, so routine use of the test as an emergency procedure offers no extra advantage. The test is unlikely to be of much help in differentiating partly treated bacterial meningitis from virus meningitis, but it is a valuable additional procedure for differentiating tuberculous meningitis from virus meningitis, highly modified bacterial meningitis and parameningeal septic states.

Brain Diseases↗