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Biomedical subjects

J Hood

Publications and source records attributed to J Hood.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Psychiatrically referred adolescents with panic attacks: presenting symptoms, stressors, and comorbidity.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined presenting symptoms, precipitants and comorbidity in a sample of 28 adolescents (21 females, 7 males) who met criteria for clinically significant panic attacks. METHOD: A semistructured psychiatric interview was used to gather information about symptoms and precipitants, from which probable diagnoses were derived for each case. Thirteen subjects also completed a computerized version of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents. RESULTS: The majority of cases (64%) were referred for anxiety related problems, although 36% presented with other symptoms that obscured the presence of panic attacks. Refusal to eat associated with nausea was noted in one third of the females. Psychosocial stressors regularly precipitated the onset of panic attacks. Phobic avoidance was present in more than three quarters of the sample and affective disorder preceded or occurred independently of panic attacks in half. Six cases met criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and six for oppositional disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians need to inquire about the presence of panic attacks, especially in adolescents who present with concerns about eating. Management of adolescents with panic attacks should address coexisting symptomatology, including behavioral and attentional difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Growth of micro-organisms in solutions of intravenous anaesthetic agents.

This controlled bench study compared the growth of bacteria and yeast in solutions of commonly used intravenous anaesthetic agents at room and body temperatures. Drugs presented in aqueous emulsions support both bacterial and fungal growth. Five out of the six solutions supported the growth of yeast. The one exception was chlormethiazole, which is both fungicidal and bactericidal. Solutions of drugs which will support growth of micro-organisms should be used with great care and they should not be stored or infused over prolonged periods.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1993

Prediction of adjustment from preschool to middle childhood.

This study identified predictor variables associated with outcome in middle childhood in a clinical preschool sample. These variables were examined in relation to functional level at outcome. At Time 1 the sample consisted of 129 children admitted to a psychiatric preschool program; 82 of these children comprised the follow-up sample at Time 2. The results indicated that the variables significantly associated with each child's outcome were IQ, the presence of diagnosis at Time 1 and the length of time each child was in the treatment program. Different predictors were important for different outcomes and a given predictor variable was not equally salient across all levels of outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Familial transmission of speech and language impairment: a preliminary investigation.

The familial transmission of speech and language disorders was investigated using a community sample of five year old children with speech and/or language impairment and a control group with normal language skills. The results indicated a significantly higher prevalence rate of language-related problems in families of speech and language impaired children than in normal language controls. Girls with speech/language impairments had more affected relatives than boys, suggesting that girls with this type of family history are at a greater risk of developing speech or language related problems. The pattern of transmission of speech and language disorders was also compared with published reports of the family histories of stuttering and reading disabilities, and with reports of cognitive and linguistic deficits among families of autistic individuals. The findings are discussed in relation to the theory of an underlying neurolinguistic diathesis common to these various disabilities.

Child of Impaired Parents↗
PubMed1990

Separation of plasmid-mediated extended spectrum beta-lactamases by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC system).

We have devised a reliable procedure for the separation of three beta-lactamases of isoelectric focusing points (pI), 5.4, 6.5, and 7.9 by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC System). All of these enzymes were transferable and originated from a ceftazidime and cefotaxime resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Bombay, India. The complete separation of the enzymes, achievable by this method, allowed each of the different individual beta-lactamases to be characterized biochemically. This analysis revealed that the enzymes of pI 6.5 and pI 7.9 hydrolysed ceftazidime and cefotaxime, and were responsible for the resistance of K. pneumoniae, and its Escherichia coli J53-2 transconjugant to third generation cephalosporins. The enzyme of pI 5.4 was the TEM-1 beta-lactamase. The beta-lactamase of pI 7.9 appears quite different from any previously reported third generation cephalosporin hydrolysing beta-lactamase, and consequently given the preliminary designation DJP-1. This is also the first example of extended spectrum hydrolysing beta-lactamases found in Asia.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1990

Psychiatric risk in children with speech and language disorders.

Based on an initial community sample of 1,655 5-year-old children, this report utilized the risk statistic to estimate a child's risk for developing a psychiatric disturbance depending on his or her status as speech/language-impaired. Results showed that risk estimates varied as a function of gender and source of information (teacher, parent, psychiatric reports). Overall, speech- and language-impaired children had a higher risk for developing a psychiatric disturbance compared with normal language controls, with speech/language-impaired girls being at greater risk than boys.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Empirical classification of speech/language impairment in children. I. Identification of speech/language categories.

Cluster analysis was employed to classify speech/language impairment in a sample of 347 children 5 years of age. Based on scores on a variety of speech and language tests, four groups of children with similar linguistic profiles were identified. These groups were labeled high overall, low overall, poor auditory comprehension, and poor articulation. Differences among these groups according to cognitive, developmental, demographic, and audiometry variables were examined. The low overall group was most disadvantaged on all measures, the high overall group was most advantaged, and the poor articulation and poor auditory comprehension groups were intermediate. The implications of these findings for the development of a theory of the relationship between speech/language and psychiatric disorders are discussed.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Empirical classification of speech/language impairment in children. II. Behavioral characteristics.

Behavioral symptomatology in 188 children, 5 years of age, classified according to four different speech/language profiles, is described. Information was collected from the teacher, parent, child self-report, and psychiatric interview. The results indicated that risk for psychiatric disorder, particularly ADHD, is greatest among children with general linguistic impairment. Specific deficits such as poor auditory comprehension or articulation problems were not consistently associated with behavioral disturbance. It is postulated that neurodevelopmental immaturity may be the common underlying antecedent of both linguistic impairment and psychiatric disorder.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1989

A novel method for the identification and distinction of the beta-lactamases of the genus Acinetobacter.

The characterization of the chromosomal beta-lactamases of Acinetobacter has proved difficult because of the poor focusing of these enzymes in conventional isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. We describe a novel isoelectric focusing method, which employs an agarose gel incorporating a detergent with sorbitol and urea, to examine the beta-lactamases produced by eight clinical strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; we have identified four different beta-lactamases. The molecular masses of each of the beta-lactamases was estimated and most of them ranged from 600,000 to greater than 1,000,000. These are the largest beta-lactamases so far described and their size is likely to be one reason for their poor solubility in conventional polyacrylamide systems.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1989

Diagnostic interviewing with children: the use and reliability of the diagnostic coding form.

There have been few attempts to standardize assessment methods in Child Psychiatry. This paper describes a semi-structured approach to diagnostic interviewing of the child. Thirty-four children six to 13 years of age, and their parents, were interviewed two weeks apart by two different psychiatrists. A diagnostic coding form consisting of 29 clinical symptom items, eight summary items, and nine positive health ratings was used. Three diagnostic items were also included: "severity of clinical condition," "probability of disorder," and "adjustment status." Twelve of the Time 2 interviews with the child and parent were videotaped and rated by three different psychiatrists. Results indicated that summary items had higher reliability than individual symptom items and the three diagnostic items had the highest reliability, suggesting reliability is better for broad classes of behaviour. Interrater reliability was higher for the face-to-face rating than videotaped ratings. This suggests first that face-to-face interviews are reasonably stable over a two week period and second, since videotaped ratings had lowest reliability on items that depended on inferences about the child's feedlings, an important source of variance in assessment may be the clinician's ability to empathize with the child and draw inferences about internal feeling-states. It was concluded that this interview schedule can be a part of routine clinical practice. It ensures a reasonably standard, yet flexible and reliable approach to diagnostic interviewing.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Blood flow in diabetics with foot lesions due to 'small vessel disease'.

Blood flow was measured in the feet and toes of 23 diabetics, 7 controls and 6 non-diabetic neuropathic controls, using venous occlusion plethysmography. All of the diabetics showed a characteristic flow abnormality with mild hyperperfusion of the foot at rest but impaired peak flow following arterial occlusion. When the diabetics were subdivided into those with 'small vessel disease', those with neuropathic ulceration and those with neuropathy but no ulceration, the groups had remarkably comparable blood flows, except that peak great toe blood flow was rather lower in small vessel disease. In small vessel disease, the combination of high resting blood flow and elevated foot venous oxygen saturation suggests that the hyperperfusion is due to arteriovenous shunting. It seems likely that the toe lesions ascribed to small vessel disease were in fact manifestations of severe diabetic neuropathy. The term small vessel disease should be avoided in the context of diabetic foot lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Anomalous motoric lateralization and schizophrenia: clinical implications.

Sixty-five schizophrenic subjects (46 men and 19 women) were tested for motor preference and compared to age and sex-matched controls. There were significantly more nondextrals among the schizophrenic women. Both male and female nondextral schizophrenics were hospitalized more frequently and for longer periods than dextral schizophrenics.

Adolescent↗