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Biomedical subjects

J Holloway

Publications and source records attributed to J Holloway.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

An audit of film reject and repeat rates in a department of dental radiology.

A study of film reject and repeat rates was undertaken in the Department of Dental Radiology of King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry over a 6 month period. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of changes implemented after a previous audit, and to carry out a more detailed analysis of the factors influencing the reject and repeat rates using a larger volume of data. The information recorded included the equipment and projection used, and the age of the patient if under 16 years. The overall reject rate was 3.06%, 1.84% less than recorded in the earlier study, and the repeat rate was 0.93%. Positioning errors were the most frequent cause for rejection. Significant differences in reject rates were noted between different projections, and also between qualified staff and those in training. The rejection rate for patients under 16 years was not significantly higher than for patients over 16 years, the most frequent cause of rejection was still positioning faults, but patient movement accounted for a larger proportion of the rejects than was the case in adult patients. The results demonstrate the role of audit in isolating factors leading to additional exposures. The effectiveness of changes implemented following a reject film analysis is also shown.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Azaphilones with endothelin receptor binding activity produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum: taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation and biological activity.

A series of azaphilones produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum (Xenova culture collection number X11853) active in assays for the detection of antagonists of the endothelin-A (ETA) and endothelin-B (ETB) receptors has been identified. The series includes two novel sclerotiorin analogues, (8S,8 alpha-R)-7-deacetyl-1,O8,8,8a-tetrahydro-7-epi-sclerotiorin, 1, and its 5-dechloro analogue, 2. It also includes 5-chloroisorotiorin, 6, previously unreported as a natural product, in addition to the major product of these fermentations, (+)-sclerotiorin, 5. Data for the inhibition of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) binding in the ETA and ETB receptor assays respectively are reported for this series. Compounds 1 and 2 were more selective for the rabbit ETA receptor than for the rat ETB receptor. The IC50 values for 1 and 2 were 9 and 28 microM respectively in an assay based on binding of ET-1 to rabbit ETA receptors. In an assay based on the binding of ET-3 to the rat ETB receptor compounds 1 and 2 exhibited IC50's of 77 and 172 microM. Members of this series of compounds demonstrated antagonist behavior in a secondary assay based on blockade of ET-1 stimulated arachidonic acid release from rabbit renal artery smooth muscle cells, when present at concentrations of > or = 30 microM.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Delayed costs of suppressed pain.

The study demonstrates that the rebound effect of thought suppression (Wegner, 1989) has an analog in the experience of somatic discomfort. During a cold-pressor pain induction, 63 Ss were instructed either to concentrate on their room at home (distraction), to pay close attention to their hand sensations (monitoring), or to remove awareness of those sensations from mind (suppression). Two min of postpressor pain ratings showed that monitoring produced the most rapid recovery from the pain and that suppression produced the slowest. Suppression also contaminated the interpretation of a subsequent somatic stimulation; later in the experimental hour, Ss who had suppressed their cold-pressor discomfort rated an innocuous vibration as more unpleasant than did other Ss. The strategies are discussed for their necessarily distinct processes of goal evaluation and their possibly differential drain on perceived coping capacities.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

High social risk screening mechanisms: patient characteristics as predictors of social work utilization in the VA.

To facilitate timely access to social services in hospitals, high social risk (HSR) screening mechanisms have been implemented throughout the country. The purpose of these mechanisms is to identify patients upon admission who are most likely to need service. Because these screening mechanisms often identify patients who do not need service, this study determined how well the patient characteristics used as screening factors actually predicted service utilization. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed using 1,659 discharges from two midwestern hospitals. The most powerful predictors of social service use were age, multi-system illness, not having a spouse, and psychiatric co-morbidity. Despite the significant contribution of each predictor, their combined ability to predict who receives service was modest.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Capitation pricing: adjusting for prior utilization and physician discretion.

As the number of Medicare beneficiaries receiving care under at-risk capitation arrangements increases, the method for setting payment rates will come under increasing scrutiny. A number of modifications to the current adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC) methodology have been proposed, including an adjustment for prior utilization. In this article, we propose use of a utilization adjustment that includes only hospitalizations involving low or moderate physician discretion in the decision to hospitalize. This modification avoids discrimination against capitated systems that prevent certain discretionary admissions. The model also explains more of the variance in per capita expenditures than does the current AAPCC.

Capitation Fee↗
PubMed1986

Paying for HMO care: issues and options in setting capitation rates.

As the public and private sectors continue to promote use of capitated health care systems, the problem of how to establish payment rates for individuals becomes increasingly important. Inattention to pricing policies can lead to increased total costs, windfall profits for some providers, and the loss of comprehensive coverage for high-risk individuals. Capitation systems used by government and corporations are measured against social and economic ideals; the shortfall can be addressed by proposed new alternatives.

Capitation Fee↗
PubMedDate not supplied

RN/BSN distance learning through microwave.

Audio and video interactive electronic classroom systems are one way to increase access to baccalaureate programs for working nurses who do not reside near a degree-granting university. The authors describe the impact of this microwave television system on course implementation in a registered nurse/bachelor of science in nursing program. They also discuss the implications for course design, teaching strategies, class interaction, and student achievement.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety from sharps.

Needlestick and sharps injuries are responsible for 35% of hospital injuries to staff. Despite this, there has been little effort in the past to reduce potential hazards. Nurses and other healthcare personnel must be made aware of the risks so that they can improve their practice.

Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diversity of case management needs for the care of homeless persons.

Health care providers have been attempting to meet the special needs of homeless people on a national level since 1984. The need to implement strategies specific to serving the diversity of services required by homeless people has been apparent. To devise appropriate strategies, clinical information was drawn from the Health Resources and Services Administration-Health Care for the Homeless (HRSA-HCH) projects, which were created in 1987 primarily to fill such a need. In addition, data gathered by the HCH projects (1984-87) funded by the Robert Wood Johnson and Pew Memorial Trust were used. It is suggested that the past mode of providing health care for the homeless has been found to be inadequate when confronting the complex problems of the homeless person of today. In general, health care providers need to focus more on case management activities, which may include activities not necessarily associated with the provision of health care services (for example, finding and providing food, clothing, shelter, and assessing entitlement eligibility) to achieve the ultimate goal--stabilization--and when possible, reintegration of the homeless person back into society.

Adolescent↗