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Biomedical subjects

J Hogan

Publications and source records attributed to J Hogan.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Glucocorticoid-associated maternal hyperglycemia: a randomized trial of insulin prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVES: To study the degree and timing of maternal hyperglycemia following betamethasone therapy in nondiabetic patients and establish a prophylactic dose of insulin. METHODS: Forty-five patients receiving betamethasone 12 mg i.m. at 7 AM on two consecutive days were randomized to no insulin (n = 20), low-dose insulin (n = 18), and high-dose insulin (n = 7) protocols. Each treatment group received s.c. insulin at 7 AM on the 2 days of betamethasone therapy (20 units NPH/10 units regular, and 40 units NPH/20 units regular, respectively). Capillary plasma glucose measurements were obtained at fasting and 2 h after meals for 3 days. A multivariate normal regression model was used to estimate and compare mean glucose levels. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of patients who did not receive insulin exhibited hyperglycemia at levels previously associated with fetal acidosis. Significant differences in mean postprandial plasma glucose levels were found between the no-treatment and insulin groups on days 1 and 2. No significant differences were noted between groups on day 3. CONCLUSIONS: Transient maternal hyperglycemia occurs in a consistent pattern in nondiabetic patients receiving betamethasone, which can be limited by the concurrent use of insulin. Further studies to assess fetal acidosis in this setting are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of the Hox cluster from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae).

The Hox genes have been found to encode transcription factors, which specify the morphological identity of structures along the anteroposterior axis of animals ranging from worms to mice. The canonical set of nine genes is organized in a cluster in the genome of several protostomes and deuterostomes. However, within insects, whereas the Hox genes are organized in a single cluster in the beetle Tribolium castaneum, they are split into two separate groups in the flies Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis. The significance of a split Hox cluster is unknown and has been observed in only one organism outside the Drosophila lineage: the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We have cloned a majority of the Hox genes from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) and compared their genomic organization with that of Tribolium and Drosophila to determine if a split Hox cluster is found in dipterans aside from the Drosophilidae. We find that the Hox genes in Anopheles, as in Tribolium, are organized in a single cluster that spans a genomic region of at least 700 kb. This finding suggests that, within the insect genome, the partition of the Hox cluster may have evolved exclusively within the Drosophila lineage. The genomic structures of the resident genes, however, appear to be largely conserved between A. gambiae and D. melanogaster.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The utilization of the healthcare assistant role in intensive care.

The increasing role of healthcare assistants (HCAs) in intensive care in relation to patient monitoring has raised concerns among some clinical managers, particularly where such roles are not underpinned by a sound knowledge base and critical reasoning ability. This article describes a study which was undertaken in an attempt to identify how HCAs are currently utilized within the general intensive care environment. The results show a wide variation between units in relation to the activities undertaken by HCAs, their training and the levels of remuneration. This article seeks to open up the debate as to whether or not nurses should be challenging the nursing care that is now delivered by non-nurses and makes recommendations for the way forward in this area.

Critical Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased muscularization of small pulmonary arteries in preterm infants of diabetic mothers: a morphometric study in noninflated, noninjected, routinely fixed lungs.

We attempted to identify a structural correlate of the pulmonary hypertension observed in newborn infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) by performing a morphometric analysis of pulmonary arteries at the transition of terminal to respiratory bronchiolus (TRB) in postmortem lungs of 20 IDM and 14 control infants. Although there was no readily apparent microscopic difference between the lungs of newborn IDM and controls, the degree of muscularization, as measured by mean medial area (MMA) of 10 TRB arteries, was significantly greater in preterm IDM (gestational age < or = 37 weeks) than in age-matched controls (502 versus 341 microns 2; P = .0038). Among infants of gestational age > 37 weeks, there was no significant difference between MMA in IDM (508 microns 2) and MMA in controls (598 microns 2). These findings point at an accelerated muscularization of the TRB arteries in IDM, apparent early in the third trimester. The pathogenesis of this hypermuscularization is not understood, but smooth muscle growth promoters such as insulin may play a role. The abnormal timing of TRB artery muscularization could be a manifestation of the basic disturbance in development that contributes to the pulmonary hypertension observed in newborn IDM and to the respiratory difficulties commonly experienced by these infants.

Bronchi↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antitumor effect of novel silatranes on renal cell carcinoma in mice.

The effect of several novel silatrane derivatives on the growth of syngeneic renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) in BALB/c mice and the survival rate of the animals were evaluated. The RENCA-bearing animals were treated subcutaneously and weekly with either a water-insoluble or a water-soluble derivative. The silatrane-treated animals were either free of palpable tumors or developed tumors much more slowly in comparison with the control animals without silatranes. The treated animals as a whole also died of tumor at much slower rates. Attempts to use higher silatrane dosages to achieve better curative effects were hampered by the toxicity of these compounds.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Look to the future and embrace the changes.

The positive aspects of change can be found using scenario-planning techniques. This article explores how these techniques can be a useful tool for establishing and testing a company's product development pipeline.

Commerce↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of invasion activity in vitro by a novel class of antitumor agents: silatrane derivatives.

The effect of several silatranes on in vitro invasion of the human amnion basement membrane (BM) by A549 human lung carcinoma cells was examined. Cells treated for two days with the derivatives were examined for invasive activity in the absence of the compounds. From silatrane dose-invasion response curves, an 80% inhibition of invasiveness compared to untreated cells was obtained with 40 micrograms/mg of 1-vinyl silatrane, 50 micrograms/ml of 1-(p-aminophenyl) silatrane, 80 micrograms/mg of 1-(3-phenylthiocarbamidopropyl) silatrane, 66 micrograms/ml of parent silatrane or 171 micrograms/ml of 1-bromosilatrane. Treatment with these doses had no effect on viability, growth or BM attachment of A549 cells.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The negative spiral.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude↗