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Biomedical subjects

J Hodler

Publications and source records attributed to J Hodler.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

MRI and sonography of the shoulder.

We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic value of sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 24 shoulders in 23 patients with suspected rotator cuff tears using arthrography as gold standard. Sonography demonstrated 14 of 15, MRI 10 of 15 rotator cuff tears, respectively. Sonography diagnosed seven of nine intact rotator cuffs correctly, MRI eight of nine. In a retrospective study we reviewed the diagnostic value of sonography and MRI in other pathologies of the shoulder including intra-articular pathology, humeral head and acromioclavicular joint pathology, and calcification. We conclude that with regard to cost and patient compliance, sonography should be the first radiologic examination in suspected rotator cuff tears if performed by an experienced sonographer. MRI is superior in depicting additional pathology and is less operator dependent. It may thus become the method of choice for the evaluation of the rotator cuff and related pathology in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The magnetic resonance procedure in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Its value and comparison with skeletal scintigraphy].

61 patients with clinical findings suspicious for an osteomyelitis were examined by MRI between January 1985 and November 1989. All results were verified either by surgery or by the clinical course. MRI criteria of a musculoskeletal infection were: decreased signal intensity of the lesions on short TR, short TE images and increased signal to intensity on long TR, long TE images when compared to the intensity of normal bone marrow, adipose tissue and muscles. 35 of 61 patients had been examined by 99mTc-MDP three phase bone scans prior to the MRI examination. Sensitivity and specificity of the MRI examinations were superior to those of bone scans. We therefore recommend MRI examinations as the method of choice in the diagnosis of the early musculoskeletal infections and in all chronic complicated cases.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1990

[MRI indications in the diagnosis of joint diseases].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice in depicting avascular bone necrosis, occult fractures, and internal lesions of the knee. MRI is a complementary examination in other pathologies of the joints such as rotator cuff tears, limbus lesions, carpal tunnel syndrome, and traumatic or inflammatory lesions of hand and foot ligaments.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Gd-DOTA in musculoskeletal diseases].

T1-weighted images after the injection of Gd-DOTA, a new paramagnetic contrast medium, were compared with non-enhanced T2-weighted images in 42 consecutive cases of musculoskeletal pathology. In addition we evaluated the incidence of side effects. Enhanced T1-weighted images were superior in depicting the various parts of a lesion and the borders between the lesion and normal tissue or perifocal reaction. On the other hand the non-enhanced T2-weighted images better depicted the border between the perifocal reaction and normal tissue. In aggressive lesions, especially in malignant tumours, the two sequences are complementary. Enhanced T1-weighted images did not contribute significantly to assessing benign lesions. The incidence of side effects was acceptable and no severe reactions occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Osteitis--imaging with magnetic resonance tomography].

Between January 1985 and December 1988 41 patients with clinically suspected osteomyelitis were examined by MRI. All cases were proved either by surgery or by clinical follow-up. Evidence of osteomyelitis on MRI consisted of abnormalities of the bone marrow with decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Other abnormalities such as degeneration of the intervertebral disc, fatty degeneration of the muscles and thickening of tendon sheaths with fluid were also seen on the same images. The sensitivity of the MRI for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis was 100%, the specificity was 86% and the accuracy 96%. We conclude that MRI is a reliable method in diagnosing osteomyelitis because of its high sensitivity and high specificity.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1989

[Sonography of the shoulder].

Sonography is a valuable method for the detection of rotator cuff tears. A high resolution transducer and an experienced examiner are necessary. The rotator cuff is not visible in large tears and has a convex outer border in small tears. Sonography reveals pathology of the subacromial bursa, joint effusions, inflammatory tissue in rheumatoid arthritis and often also bony erosions and tendon calcifications. Arthrography is still indicated in equivocal cases. Arthro-CT is the method of choice for the diagnosis of limbus and capsular pathology, but not for rotator cuff tears. MRI shows promising results in rotator cuff tears, but its role has not been definitively assessed.

Bursa, Synovial↗
PubMed1988

Rotator cuff tears: correlation of sonographic and surgical findings.

High-resolution, real-time sonography of the rotator cuff was performed in 51 shoulders, and the results were correlated with findings obtained during subsequent surgery. Prospective sensitivity of sonography in detection of a tear was 100%; specificity, 75%; and accuracy, 92%. Retrospective estimation of tear size on sonograms correlated well with the intraoperative measurements for small and moderate lesions. Large lesions were often underestimated sonographically. Retrospectively, partial tears were correctly diagnosed in seven patients, and bursal thickening was recognized in 17 patients. Sonography of the shoulder proved to be an accurate, noninvasive method for the diagnosis of complete rotator cuff tears. It is useful for estimating tear size and location and may be useful in recognizing partial tears.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Computerized tomography imaging of the anterior cardiophrenic angle].

The anterior cardiophrenic angle (ACA) is the lowermost anterolateral portion of the mediastinum. It is limited inferiorly by the diaphragm, anteriorly by the chest wall, posteriorly by the pericardium, and laterally by the parietal pleura. In 20% computed tomography (CT) of the normal ACA shows the diaphragm as a linear structure, and in 15% as a pseudotumorous structure that has to be differentiated from real tumours. The inferior sternopericardial ligament appears as a linear structure in 22%. In 3% nodular structures of up to 8 mm of diameter are visible in the normal ACA, probably corresponding to cardiophrenic angle nodes. These findings suggest that, exceptionally, normal cardiophrenic angle nodes may be demonstrated by CT.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1987

Atrial natriuretic peptide protects against acute ischemic renal failure in the rat.

Because of its ability to increase glomerular filtration, antagonize the actions of vasoconstrictors, and produce vasodilation, alpha human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) was evaluated for its potentially beneficial effects in experimental ischemic renal failure induced by 45-60 min of renal artery occlusion in bilaterally or unilaterally renally intact Sprague-Dawley rats. After ischemia, a 4-h intrarenal infusion of alpha-hANP restored 14C-inulin clearances in bilaterally and unilaterally intact animals from 0.05 +/- 0.006 and 0.05 +/- 0.01 ml/min per 100 g to 0.314 +/- 0.04 and 0.25 +/- 0.01 ml/min per 100 g, respectively (P less than 0.001, n = 8), compared with normal values of 0.49 +/- 0.023 ml/min per 100 g. Histologically, there was a progressive decrease in medullary hyperemia and prevention of intratubular cell shedding and granulocyte margination as a result of the 4-h alpha-hANP infusion such that after 24 and 48 h the histological appearance of the tissue was essentially normal. The results show that a 4-h intrarenal infusion of alpha-hANP after renal ischemia can preserve glomerular filtration rate and reduce renal tissue damage.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

Antazoline as an adjuvant in immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant patients.

The survival of transplanted cadaver kidneys was compared in a group of 33 first-transplant patients treated with antazoline (Antistine) in addition to conventional immunosuppressive therapy (group A) and a group of 36 patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy only (group B). After 1 year, the transplant survival rate was 79% in group A as compared to 56% in group B (P less than 0.05). The difference which was still present after 2 and 5 years could not be attributed to any other factors that might have influenced the survival rate. Antazoline appears above all to diminish the intensity of moderately severe rejection episodes, which often lead to graft loss inducing a chronic type of rejection reaction. However, the frequency of rejection crises during the first 4 months and the percentages of patients without rejection or with primary irreversible rejection crises were practically the same in the two groups. The mechanism of action underlying this potentially important immunosuppressive effect of antazoline is as yet not clarified.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Cardiophrenic angle adenopathy: update of causes and significance.

Of 21 cases of cardiophrenic angle adenopathy (CAA) detected on computed tomography (CT) examination, 12 were due to malignant lymphomas, seven to carcinomas, and two to mesotheliomas. Of the nine lesions that were not malignant lymphomas, four were of supradiaphragmatic and five of infradiaphragmatic origin. On average, CAA was detected 4.6 years after the primary neoplasm was diagnosed. Only 29% of the patients were alive 14 months after CAA was detected on CT scans. Radiography was inferior to CT in the detection of CAA, with only 35% of radiography results clearly positive. Malignant lymphoma is a major but not exclusive cause of CAA, and it must be differentiated from lymphatic seeding of supradiaphragmatic and infradiaphragmatic malignancies. Unilateral CAA may point to supradiaphragmatic neoplasms or, if right-sided, to ovarian carcinoma, and bilateral CAA may indicate another neoplasm of infradiaphragmatic origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Early rejection crises and prognosis of the renal graft].

The present study including 136 cadaver kidney transplants in 119 recipients has shown that the long term function and survival of kidney grafts are closely related to the early immunological reactions of the recipients. Under conventional immunosuppression the most important period for the outcome of the grafts extends to the first 4 months. Not only the number but especially the severity of the early rejection episodes are of prognostic value. Two groups can be distinguished using a classification of severity of early rejection episodes: the first one is characterized by an excellent graft survival and late function (87% one year graft survival) and includes those kidneys with zero or only 1-2 slight early rejection crisis (type 1 and/or 2). In the second group with more than two slight crisis or more severe forms of rejections (type 3 or 4) the one year graft survival is significantly reduced (52%: p less than 0.01). In this group compensatory hypertrophy is usually absent. This is in opposition to the functional improvement of 14 ml/min of GFR after 12 months observed in the patients with good immunological tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Short-term effect of thiazides on magnesium and calcium metabolism and secondarily on that of phosphorus, uric acid, oxalate and cyclic AMP].

Six healthy young volunteers were fed during two period of 9 days each by a strictly constantly liquid formula diet (Fresubin), on an ambulator basis. In a single blind cross-over randomized study, they were given either hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg p.d., or a placebo during the first seven days of the two periods. The diuretic did not induce significant changes of either magnesemia or magnesiuria. In addition, the magnesium excretion after a challenging intravenous magnesium load remained unchanged. However, the thiazide normally increased the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. It also induced hypocalciuria and hypercalcemia. The urinary excretion of cAMP and oxalic acid remained stable.

Adult↗