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Biomedical subjects

J Ho

Publications and source records attributed to J Ho.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pachydermoperiostosis, hypertrophic gastropathy, and peptic ulcer.

Two brothers with pachydermoperiostosis, an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by digital clubbing, periosteal new bone formation, coarse facial features with thick, furrowed, and oily skin, presented in their twenties with severe complicated duodenal ulcer disease requiring multiple operations. Their father and one paternal uncle also had pachydermoperiostosis and a past history of ulcer dyspepsia. The mother, one sister, two maternal aunts, and one other paternal uncle were healthy. Both brothers had giant hypertrophic gastritis (Ménétrier's disease). Their pentagastrin-stimulated acid output and fasting and meal-stimulated serum gastrin levels were normal, but their serum pepsinogen I and II levels were markedly elevated. The father had hypochlorhydria and a low serum pepsinogen I/II ratio, suggesting atrophic gastritis. This family study raises the possibility that pachydermoperiostosis, hypertrophic gastropathy, and peptic ulcer may be genetically related.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bile duct.

Three patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bile duct are described. In two patients the tumor arose from the common hepatic duct. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct has not been previously reported. The clinical features and pathologic behavior of this rare type of tumor are similar to the usual biliary adenocarcinoma. The coexistence of Clonorchis sinensis infestation and primary pyogenic cholangitis raises the possibility of an etiologic association.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Selective coating of gastric ulcer by tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate in the rat.

Controlled clinical trials have shown that tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate healed duodenal and gastric ulcers significantly better than placebo. One mechanism suggested is that it forms a protective coat at the ulcer base. We studied this coating action in rats with chronic gastric ulcers produced by a standardized technique for mucosal wounding at the fundoantral junction. Bismuth was identified by histochemical staining using Castel's reagent, the specificity of which was verified in vitro against 13 other metallic compounds and chemicals. Our results showed that tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate had a coating affinity for the ulcer base, but not for the adjacent normal mucosa. All rats treated with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 1, 2, 4, and 6 h previously, but not the control rats treated with water or those treated with four other bismuth compounds, manifested a layer of bismuth that coated the ulcer base. Light and electron microscopy of the tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate-treated ulcers--but not their controls-revealed an abundance of macrophages, which had ingested the bismuth. This unique bismuth coat may insulate the ulcer base from acid-pepsin digestion, while the influx of macrophages may expedite reparative processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Glenn shunt: long-term results and current role in congenital heart operations.

Fifty cyanotic patients (aged 2 days to 22 years) underwent Glenn shunts for tricuspid atresia and other cyanotic heart defects. Thirteen of 15 operative deaths occurred in infants less than 4 months old, and only 1 death has occurred in the last 9 years. Results were poor in patients with Ebstein's anomaly, truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great vessels, and complex defects other than tricuspid atresia and univentricular heart. Of the 35 patients followed from 0.9 to 14.8 years, 12 were followed for more than 10 years. None of the 11 late deaths could be attributed to complications of the shunt. Minimal evidence of intrapulmonary shunting was found by angiography, pulmonary venous oximetry, or radioisotopic studies. Late deterioration due to venous collaterals and decreased flow to the opposite lung necessitated Blalock-Taussig shunts in 6 and Fontan procedures in 10. All survived the Fontan procedures with minimal morbidity. These data support the concept that Glenn shunts do not necessarily result in pulmonary abnormalities and may be indicated as a staged procedure in a few selected patients prior to a Fontan procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

An autopsy study of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hong Kong.

Two hundred and eighty-seven autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese were reviewed. The analyses included histological study of the tumour and of the non-cancerous liver tissue, the cause of death and metastases. Bleeding of oesophageal varices was more frequent but rupture of tumour less common in cases associated with cirrhosis than in those without cirrhosis. There was a significantly higher incidence of bilobar involvement by tumour in the clear cell type of HCC and in cases unassociated with cirrhosis compared to other histological types of HCC and HCC with cirrhosis, possibly because of longer survival of the former groups. A strong association was found between cirrhosis and hepatic fibrosis with HCC and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), suggesting an oncogenic effect of chronic persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on hepatocytes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Recovery of quenched radioactivity from thin-layer chromatographic plates. An improved assay for cGMP phosphodiesterase in Myxococcus xanthus.

Ammonium bicarbonate was found useful in extracting a variety of radiolabeled compounds from thin-layer chromatographic plates. The technique significantly increased the sensitivity of the assay for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. This method was used to show unequivocally, the presence of cGMP phosphodiesterase in vegetative cells of Myxococcus xanthus.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1980

Hepatotrophic effects of insulin on glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotides in hepatocytes isolated from fed adult rats.

In vivo observations have suggested that there is an hepatotrophic effect of insulin. By contrast, subsequent in vitro work, using the isolated perfused liver system, showed no effect or indeterminate effects of insulin on the transport of glucose into the hepatocyte. However because this system may not have endured long enough to show such an influence we explored the transport of glucose using a 48-h suspension culture of hepatocytes isolated from young adult fed rats, the suspension being infused continuously with insulin at a rate approximating the maximum entering portal blood in the fed state. (In a separate study phloridzin was added after 2 h of incubation.) DNA, intracellular glucose and its inward transport, glycogen, and the adenine nucleotides were measured at intervals. By comparison with control or untreated cells, insulin-treated cells showed significantly more DNA and intracellular glucose, and the differences were abolished by phloridzin. Glucose transport rates fell to low values in untreated controls and still lower with insulin plus phloridzin, but the initial rate was maintained to the end (48 h) by insulin alone. Results for glycogen were similar to those for intracellular glucose. There was a close correlation (r = 0.96) between these two. The total adenine nucleotide pool and the concentration of ATP were maintained for about 24 h and fell to half their initial values by 48 h. Insulin had increased these concentrations significantly by 6 h. Although concentrations of ADP and AMP decreased gradually in all groups of cells, insulin enhanced the level of ADP by 12 h but had no measurable effect on that of AMP. The energy charge increased slightly throughout incubation but more so (by 6 h) in the presence of insulin. In conclusion the data support the concept that in the longer term (greater than 12 h) insulin in the portal circulation maintains the characteristic free permeability of the hepatocyte to glucose and this permits a variety of effects related to glucose entry into the hepatocyte.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1980

Hepatotrophic effects of insulin on glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotides in hepatocytes isolated from fasted adult rats.

Previous evidence that portal blood insulin is an hepatotrophic factor led to this study of its effect on hepatocytes, isolated from fasted rats, in suspension culture. Control hepatocytes (C), noninsulin-treated, and those infused continuously at low (LI) and high (HI) levels of insulin were compared concurrently with regard to their survival, glucose transport, and intracellular concentrations of glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotides, over a 48-hr period of incubation. Low insulin was adjudged to be comparable to portal insulin concentrations in fasted animals and HI to those in fed animals. All hepatocytes had been depleted of glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotides at the start of the study by prior fasting of the rat. For the first 6 hr of culture, there was little difference between C, LI, and HI with reference to the above parameters. In contrast, after 48 hr of incubation, cell survival, as judged by the DNA content, was signficiantly lower in C compared with LI and HI. The transport of 3--0-[methyl-3H] D-glucose was also significantly lower in C compared with LI and HI. The higher uptakes in both LI and HI were reduced by phloridzin, which had little effect on C. Correspondingly, the intracellular glucose concentrations in C were significantly lower than the extracellular glucose concentrations in contrast to those in LI and HI, which were comparable. For intracellular concentrations of glycogen and adenine nucleotides, the results of LI and HI were amalgamated as they were not significantly different from each other at 48 hr. Upon analysis, glycogen values were significantly higher for insulin-treated cells. Similarly, the total adenine nucleotide p-ol (ATP + ADP + AMP) also was clearly higher in HI + LI than in C. These results indicate that contrary to findings in studies with the perfused liver that have been of a short-term nature, insulin is necessary in the longer term (greater than 12 hr) for maintaining the transport of glucose into hepatocytes; thereby insulin promotes the maintenance of intracellular glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotide concentrations, and also enhances cell survival.

Adenine Nucleotides↗