[From the history of immunology 2. Gastronomic walk with Pasteur among canned food, wine, poultry and mutton].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Hirschfeld.
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17 patients are reported in whom an arterio-venous shunt has been established by means of an arterial graft (bovine origin). The indications were: need of maintenance hemodialysis under absence of functioning shunt and lack of peripheral vessels suitable for construction of a Cimino fistula. 14 shunts developed function without any complication. In 2 patients thrombosis of the graft occured. Both of them could be re-established in function by thrombectomy. 2 cases necessitated removal of the transplant. The question as to an immunological rejection remains open up to now. The advantages of the new shunt are: immediate readiness for hemodialysis, sufficiently long distance for puncture, easy and painless punctures and the possibility of access to deeper vessels.
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A twin and family study on the significance of genetic factors for the variation in certain new variables of dental and body-height development is presented. Evidence of a rather strong genetic regulation of most of the variables was obtained from the analysis of the twins and sibs. The data on cousins did not allow any definite conclusions, and it was not possible to obtain a parent--offspring material. Therefore, the study did not give any information concerning the relative significance of additive genetic variation.
Principles of information theory are imposed on immunogenetic information processing, whereby the 'information amount', simplicity, 'redundancy' and 'predicatability' of different encodings, models, theories or mappings can be objectively compared. As an example, the experimental observables emanating from the Rh system at its 10 reagent-8 haplotype level is shown to obtain an information amount of 140,120 and 78 bits when interpreted (encoded according to a simple-complex, complex-simple and complex-complex theory, model or program, respectively. The 'predictive' or 'accomodating' power of the simple-complex and complex-simple theories is shown to be 134, respectively 366 bits for a given set of experimental observables emanating from a S3 universe.
A fairly uncomplicated T4 universe does give rise to a considerably complicated simple-complex image with several complexities regularly observed together in many immunogenetic systems. The present model thus 'explains' absence of antithetical alleles, absence of 'dosage' effects, presence of considerable quantitative variations of 'one and the same antigen' and peculiar 'non-autoantibodies'. These phenomena are exemplified for the Rh system with regard to the D--Du antigens, absence of d antigens, absence of clear-cut dosage between D/D and D/D and D/d samples as well as anti-D formation in seemingly 'normal Rh(+)' individuals.
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