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Biomedical subjects

J Hinton

Publications and source records attributed to J Hinton.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from sexually abused female adolescents.

Cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained from 127 female adolescents (13-17 years of age) evaluated for reported sexual abuse. The rate of positive cultures for C trachomatis in this population was 14% (18 of 127). Neisseria gonorrhoeae was found in 12% (15 of 127) of these patients. All but two of the culture-positive patients admitted sexual activity before the abuse, and it is likely that most of the infections were acquired during this previous sexual activity. Concomitant infection with N gonorrhoeae was found in seven adolescents positive for C trachomatis. No adolescents in this study exhibited a positive VDRL. Victims of abuse should be tested for both gonococcal and chlamydial infection. These data show that if antibiotic prophylaxis is used for the sexually abused adolescent, it should be directed against both C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Long-term results of renal transplantation in recipients with a functioning graft for 2 years.

The late results of renal transplantation are reviewed in 214 recipients with a functioning allograft for 2 years. Graft survival was better (P less than 0.001) in living related recipients (t 1/2 = 17 years) compared with cadaver graft recipients (t 1/2 = 7.7 years). Graft survival was also significantly different (P less than 0.001) in patients with a 2-year serum creatinine level of less than or equal to 2.0 (t 1/2 = 16.4 years), 2.1 to 3.0 (t 1/2 = 6.5 years), or greater than 3.0 mg/dl (t 1/2 = 2.9 years). A greater proportion of patients with a 2-year serum creatinine level of greater than 3 mg/dl had experienced greater than two rejection episodes (P less than 0.0001). Among recipients with a 2-year serum creatinine level of less than or equal to 2.0 mg/dl, living related grafts achieved better graft survival than cadaver grafts (P less than 0.05). Major complications of transplantation were more common in patients with a cadaver graft, 2-year serum creatinine level of greater than 3 mg/dl, or age greater than 45 years. One hundred and forty-two patients are currently alive, 93% of whom have achieved complete rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Whom do dying patients tell?

Eighty married patients dying of cancer were assessed for their overt awareness of their condition. Of the 62 who discussed the possibility of dying, 22 had spoken of this to hospital staff, 43 to their husband or wife, and 53 to the interviewer. Those more certain of dying were more likely to speak about it. Patients previously considered "nervous" people more often showed their awareness, but current anxiety had no consistent effect. More overt sharing of awareness tended to happen in marriages considered average or poor by the spouse than in some closer marital partnerships. The patients' communication of awareness to wife or husband was consistently better when the spouse favoured telling the patient. Patients also tended to disclose their awareness of dying more frequently to those staff prepared to discuss the matter. The findings have implications for the care of the dying.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Carcinoma of the ovary--correlation of ultrasound with second look laparotomy.

In a series of twenty-six patients with Stage III or IV carcinoma of the ovary, results of ultrasound examination of the pelvis and abdomen were correlated with second look laparotomy. All of these patients had responded clinically to a course of chemotherapy. Elective surgery was used to restage and debulk tumour. Ultrasound examination was done before surgery. Ultrasound was sensitive in detecting ovarian tumour in the pelvis and had an 84 per cent correlation with laparotomy. It was also sensitive in detecting liver and right diaphragmatic metastases with a 92 per cent correlation with the laparotomy findings. However, it consistently failed to detect intraperitoneal spread except when disease was gross or when it could be predicted by the presence of ascites. The correlation with laparotomy in this situation was only 36 per cent. This is to be expected as the size of most peritoneal deposits is below the resolution of ultrasound. These lesions, however, are easily detected by laparoscopy. These findings suggest that ultrasound has an important role in the management of advanced carcinoma of the ovary.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Psychophysiological differentiation between psychopathic and schizophrenic abnormal offenders.

This paper is a follow-up of research by Schalling (1978), Mednick (1975), Mednick & Hutchings (1978), Venables (1975) and a pilot study on the psychophysiological response characteristics of maximum security patients, Hinton & O'Neill (1976, 1978). In line with hypotheses, patients rated as 'disoriented' by nurses and diagnosed 'schizophrenic', tended to have increased spontaneous electrodermal fluctuations and reduced orienting response recovery time relative to non-'disoriented' and diagnosed 'psychopaths'. Also low rate spontaneous fluctuation in skin resistance plus long skin resistance ORt/2 differentiated 'high public risk' psychopaths from 'low risk' domestic offenders.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The cancer ward.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of places and policies for terminal care.

Patients receiving different types of adequate care for fatal neoplasms were compared by an assessment of their mood and opinions. 78% had spoken of dying, and, although 56% had some unhappiness and anxiety, many were not distressed. Most aspects of care were approved of with no consistant difference in ratings between acute hospital wards and a Foundation Home. Patients were least depressed and anxious at a hospice and preferred the more frank communication available there. Inpatients were slightly less troubled than outpatients who nevertheless praised this management.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Electrodermal indices of public offending and recidivism.

Three hypotheses based on the relationship between electrodermal activity and 'psychopathic' behaviour were investigated. These hypotheses are that 'psychopathic' behaviour relates to frequency of spontaneous fluctuations (Schalling, 1978), orienting response recovery time (Mednick, 1975) and orienting response amplitude (Siddle, Nicol and Foggitt, 1973). Non-recidivistic domestic offenders and highly recidivistic public offenders were compared on two test sessions. The high public risk recidivists had relatively lower rates of spontaneous fluctuation on both test sessions (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.02) and longer recovery OR(t/2)(p less than 0.05) on the first session. Reductions in fluctuation rate over sessions were significant for both groups, but were very much greater in the domestic offenders (p less than 0.001) than in the public offenders. OR amplitude did not discriminate between groups.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1978

Simple behaviour rating scales for maximum security patients: development and validation.

An outline is given of objective behaviour rating scales developed for use by nurse custodians in the maximum security hospital setting. Four independent scales are described: (a) antisocial belligerence, (b) disorientation, (c) withdrawal and (d) personal hygiene. The scales gave high test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities. Various indications of validity and potential usefulness of the scales are given. In particular, a probable relationship of the scales (a) and (c) with an impulsivity/overcontrol dimension is suggested-this relating to the type of aggressive offending recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A psychophysiological study of paranoid hostility and defensiveness in maximum security hospital patients.

In this study male security hospital patients are compared against male students on L scores, and on the relationship between scores on Eysenck's P scale and an index of change in muscle tension on attending to perceptual discrimination tasks. In the student sample P score gave a significant positive correlation with the EMG index, while L scores were remarkably low. Results on the hospitalized population showed that the measure of increase in muscle tension was again very significantly correlated with P, but the correlation was negative. This switch is highly significant (P less than 0.0001). Also, with patients, a significant positive correlation occurred between L and the EMG index. The results are interpreted by reference to L scores, since the deviant population had significantly higher L scores than students (P less than 0.001). It is argued that many patients detained for an undefined period are highly defensive and fake socially good. It is proposed that those faking most may be the extreme paranoid and hostile types who, if they had nothing to lose by being honest, would normally endorse a large number of items on the P scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A relationship between Eysenck's P scale and change in muscle action potentials with attention to perceptual tasks.

An experiment is described in which an index of change in muscle tension produced by perceptual discrimination tasks, and scores on Eysenck's PEN scales, were measured on 39 university students. It was hypothesized that if P is an index of psychoticism, as has been claimed (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1968) then an index of one central feature of so called 'psychotics', namely attention difficulty while decision making, should correlate positively with P. P was found to correlate significantly with a measure of increase of EMG on the perceptual discrimination tasks (r = 0-54, P less than 0-001). Correlations of this index with N and E were zero. The results are considered to be particularly significant, since scores on P, E and N gave almost zero intercorrelations in the sample tested, and L scores were exceedingly low. Further evidence is provided which suggests that both P and muscle tension increase are directly related to the degree of endorsement of paranoid ideas.

Action Potentials↗