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Biomedical subjects

J Hill

Publications and source records attributed to J Hill.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A double-blind, parallel study of tenoxicam and piroxicam in patients with osteoarthrosis.

A double-blind, parallel group study was carried out in 30 patients with osteoarthrosis to compare the efficacy and tolerance of tenoxicam (40 mg/day) and piroxicam (40 mg/day) given over a period of 4 weeks. All had previously been treated with a variety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and/or analgesics. Patients were allocated at random to one or other treatment group. Clinical and laboratory assessments were made on entry and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. The results showed that both drugs improved general pain, the improvement being somewhat greater with tenoxicam. Little change was noted in other symptoms with either treatment. Side-effects reported were mainly gastro-intestinal. Six of the 15 piroxicam-treated patients stopped treatment because of adverse reactions, 1 because of treatment failure and 1 because he preferred previous treatment. Three of the 15 tenoxicam-treated patients discontinued because of adverse reactions. The remaining patients (7 on piroxicam and 12 on tenoxicam) elected at the end of the trial period to remain on their respective treatment instead of their previous medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Single and multiple oral dose pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in the elderly.

Tenoxicam is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a long half-life. Since such drugs may be particularly prone to accumulate in elderly patients, a group of the population in which anti-inflammatory agents are most commonly prescribed, we have studied the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in 18 patients (age range 62-87 years) with osteoarthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis. A pharmacokinetic profile was performed after a single 20 mg oral dose. Patients then took regular medication until they had reached steady-state for chronic dosing (20 mg/day) when a further pharmacokinetic profile was performed. Approximately five-fold accumulation was found at steady-state (mean peak plasma level 2.6 micrograms/ml for a single dose against 12.4 micrograms/ml at steady-state). Twenty percent of the dose was eliminated in the first dose interval. Mean pre-dose plasma level at steady-state was 9.6 micrograms/ml with a coefficient of variation of 11%. Serial haematological and biochemical estimations during the study showed no evidence of drug toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

A double-blind parallel study of tenoxicam and piroxicam in patients with osteoarthrosis.

Tenoxicam (TILCOTIL, MOBIFLEX) 40 mg/day has been compared to piroxicam 40 mg/day in a double-blind, parallel group study of 4 weeks duration in 30 patients with osteoarthrosis. Both drugs were well tolerated, tenoxicam slightly better than piroxicam. Both drugs improved general pain, improvement being greater with tenoxicam. Little improvement of other symptoms was seen with either treatment. At the end of the study, 12 tenoxicam-treated patients and seven piroxicam-treated patients elected to remain on their respective treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The unreliability of amniotic fluid bilirubin measurements in isoimmunized pregnancies in sickle cell disease patients.

Amniotic fluid spectrophotometric analysis for bilirubin (delta optical density [delta OD450], at 450 nm) is used to assess the severity of fetal involvement in isoimmunized pregnancies. Two patients presented with sickle cell anemia and hyperbilirubinemia who also were isoimmunized. The first patient had anti-kell and anti-e antibodies, whereas the second patient had anti-Lewisa and anti-Coltonb antibodies. Delta OD450 was elevated in both patients. The difficulty in interpretation of high delta OD450 in the presence of maternal hyperbilirubinemia is stressed. Sickle cell diseased patients are particularly prone to present with this problem. These patients always have hyperbilirubinemia and a relatively high incidence of irregular antibodies because of the numerous blood transfusions they receive. The management of these two patients is presented with suggestions for the use of alternative modalities of monitoring isoimmunized pregnancies in patients with hyperbilirubinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bioenergetic studies in adult patients recovering from semi-starvation.

A model of energy-nitrogen balance developed in animals was adapted to the study of human bioenergetics. By creating balance conditions and steady-state formula infusion rates, each of the needed components of energy and nitrogen balance can now be measured with a high level of accuracy. A comprehensive description of energetic efficiency at the whole body level is possible using appropriate mathematical modeling. Key questions in human bioenergetics await these results, and our laboratory is currently undertaking these studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Disorders of memory, language and beliefs, following closed head injury.

A 26-year-old man developed a syndrome following a head injury, characterized by disturbances of memory, language, and beliefs, and lasting for several years. The clinical picture was suggestive of a number of conditions, but diagnostic of none. The aetiology involved a complex interaction of biological and psychological factors, and these are discussed in relation to similar syndromes described in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

An assessment of faecal blood loss from Ro 21-5521, a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, in normal volunteers.

Faecal blood loss arising from Ro 21-5521, a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with a long plasma half-life of about 41 hours, was evaluated in a double-blind crossover study against matched placebo in 12 volunteers. After a 1-week run-in period to determine baseline values, subjects were allocated at random to receive either 250 mg Ro 21-5521 per day or placebo for 2 weeks before being crossed over to the alternative treatment for 2 weeks. They were then followed-up for a further 2 weeks. Blood loss was calculated from 51Chromium tagged red blood cells in stools collected for a 96-hour period during each week of the study. Plasma levels of Ro 21-5521 were also measured twice weekly throughout the study. The results showed that with a drug of this long half-life, faecal blood loss may continue for at least 4 weeks after cessation of trial therapy of 2 weeks. It is recommended that in the evaluation of faecal blood loss resulting from drugs with a long half-life, a parallel group study, each group receiving only one drug (or one drug crossed against placebo), is the study design of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A double-blind comparison of tenoxicam (Tilcotil, Mobiflex) at two doses against ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis.

Tenoxicam (Tilcotil, Mobiflex), a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent of the oxicam group, has been compared at two dose levels (20 mg/day and 4 mg/day) to ibuprofen 800 mg t.d.s. in a double-blind parallel group study of four weeks duration in rheumatoid arthritis. Efficacy results showed no significant difference between the three treatments at two or four weeks though clinical assessments slightly favoured groups treated with tenoxicam in this 30 patient study. No patients withdrew from tenoxicam because of side-effects and there were no withdrawals because of inefficacy. The higher dose (40 mg) of tenoxicam was as well tolerated as the lower dose (20 mg) though plasma levels of tenoxicam suggested that at the lower dose this drug had barely reached optimum plasma levels in a study of relatively short duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. Characterization of the oxi2 transcript and localization of its promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D273-10B.

The oxi2 gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA was previously shown to code for subunit 3 of cytochrome oxidase (Thalenfeld, B.E., and Tzagoloff, A. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6173-6180). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae D273-10B, a 3.6-kilobase (kb) transcript has been mapped to the oxi2 region of mitochondrial DNA. This transcript, presumed to be the messenger RNA of subunit 3, has been characterized by Northern hybridization analysis and by S1 nuclease mapping. The 3.6-kb transcript has a 5' untranslated leader of 490 nucleotides followed by a 807-nucleotide long coding sequence and a 3' extension of approximately 2450 nucleotides. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region in the 3.6-kb transcript is identical with the gene sequence, thus excluding the presence of introns in the oxi2 gene. Analysis of mitochondrial RNA in cytoplasmic petite mutants containing the oxi2 gene, but with varying lengths of flanking sequences, suggest the presence of a common promoter for oxi2 and the upstream valine tRNA. The promoter has been mapped to a 400-nucleotide long region located on the 5' side of the tRNA gene. Generation of the mature subunit 3 mRNA must, therefore, involve the excision of the tRNA from the primary transcript.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Utilization of physical therapy personnel in one hospital. A work sampling study.

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the adaptability and use of work sampling, an industrial engineering technique, as a dependable method for collecting personnel utilization data in the physical therapy department of a general hospital and to demonstrate the concept of work sampling to physical therapy supervisors and personnel unfamiliar with this approach. Over a six-week period, a total of 5,824 observations were made at randomly selected 15-minute intervals during the 40-hour work week. Percentages of total time used in observed activities for all physical therapy personnel were divided as follows: 1) direct care, 20.38 percent; 2) indirect care, 11.18 percent; 3) administration, 2.27 percent; 4) communication, 3.28 percent; 5) clerical, 9.56 percent; 6) personal time, 24.60 percent; and 7) out-of-department, 28.72 percent. Physical therapists were most likely to be involved in personal duties from 8 AM to 9 AM (35%) and from 4 PM to 4:30 PM (41%). They showed greatest productivity from 9 AM to 10 AM (59%) and spent time in out-of-department activities rather consistently throughout the day. A conclusion of this study was that work sampling may be used successfully to collect personnel utilization data in a physical therapy department.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Incidence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in milk produced in the west of Scotland.

Antibiotic-resistant Esch. coli were found in 10.6% of milk samples collected from 998 farms in the west of Scotland. The incidence of both Esch. coli and antibiotic-resistant Esch. coli in milk was higher when the cattle were housed day and night than when they were outdoors. Of the 1125 Esch. coli isolates tested 22.2% were antibiotic resistant and of these 42.4% were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Escherichia coli carrying up to six resistance determinants were isolated. The possible implications to animal and human health are discussed.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1983

Coordinate production by a T cell hybridoma of gamma interferon and three other lymphokine activities: multiple activities of a single lymphokine?

The T cell hybridoma FS7-20, produced by the fusion of normal B10.BR T cells to the AKR thymoma BW5147, was found when stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) to produce the lymphokines: interleukin 2 (IL 2), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), macrophage-activating factor (MAF), Ia induction factor IaIF), and the B cell helper factor interleukin X (IL X). The clones and subclones of FS7-20 varied dramatically in their ability to produce these lymphokines, presumably because of karyotypic variations. The ability to produce IL 2 segregated independently from the ability to produce the four other lymphokine activities; however, production of the latter activities showed a strong correlation. This coordinate production of IFN gamma, MAF, IaIF, and IL X was also observed with a cloned normal cytotoxic T cell line, cr15. These results suggest either that IFN gamma, MAF, IaIF, and IL X are all manifestations of a single molecular species or that, although these activities are different structurally, their production is controlled by a common genetic mechanism. In support of the first possibility, the IFN gamma, MAF, IaIF, and IL X activity produced by FS7-20 were all found to be equally sensitive to inactivation at pH 2. These results illustrate the usefulness of using T cell hybridomas for the study of lymphokines.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Kinetics and distribution of 111Indium-labeled platelets in patients with homocystinuria.

Homocystinuria is an inborn error of metabolism involving a high incidence of thromboembolism. It sometimes improves with large doses of pyridoxine. We investigated the kinetics and distribution of 111Indoxine-labeled platelets in 11 normal volunteers and 12 patients with homocystinuria, none of whom had clinical evidence of acute thrombosis at the time of the study. Six of the patients were resistant to pyridoxine and had homocystinemia. There were no statistical differences in mean platelet-survival times between pyridoxine responders and nonresponders or between normal subjects and pyridoxine responders or nonresponders, regardless of whether a linear, exponential, or multiple-hit model was used to analyze the kinetic data. Plasma homocystine levels had no apparent effect on mean platelet-survival time. There was no abnormal accumulation of platelets in any of the patients, and the distribution of platelets in liver and spleen was similar to that in normal subjects. Our results suggest that the kinetics and distribution of platelets in patients with homocystinuria who have no clinical evidence of thromboembolism are normal. Thus, the data do not provide evidence for disordered platelet function or for an ongoing interaction of platelets with vessel walls in this condition.

Adolescent↗