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Biomedical subjects

J Hill

Publications and source records attributed to J Hill.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

M-chlorophenylpiperazine increases blood pressure and heart rate in pithed and conscious rats.

In pithed rats, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) produced marked, dose-dependent (ED50 = 0.18 mumol) increases in mean arterial blood pressure which peaked within 1 minute and were sustained over 15 minutes. Two serotonin antagonists, metergoline and ritanserin, completely blocked the pressor responses to 2.5 mg/kg m-CPP in pithed adrenal demedullated rats, while alpha-adrenergic blockade by prazosin plus yohimbine was without effect, suggesting that the doubling in blood pressure produced by m-CPP was mediated via serotonin receptors within blood vessels. Somewhat smaller increases in blood pressure over baseline values were observed after m-CPP administration to conscious, freely moving rats. A small but statistically significant increase in heart rate peaked 5 minutes after m-CPP and also was blocked by metergoline but was only minimally affected by ritanserin or the prazosin-yohimbine combination. These results with m-CPP support other evidence for two or more separable effects of serotonergic agonists on the peripheral cardiovascular system.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1987

Follow-up after colorectal cancer--current practice in Wales and south west England.

The necessity for follow-up after curative resection of colorectal cancer remains controversial. Many studies have failed to demonstrate the increase in survival which might be anticipated when detailed follow-up methods are used. In the United Kingdom no single policy has evolved. This study has examined, therefore, the current follow-up practice of a large group of British surgeons. Six per cent carried out no routine postoperative follow-up and there was great variation in the methods used and the regularity of visits. There is a need for a rational policy based on controlled studies to determine whether follow-up is of benefit to the patient and to identify the most effective methods.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Motion aftereffects associated with pursuit eye movements.

Contrary to an earlier report [Anstis and Gregory, Q. Jl exp. Psychol. 17, 173-174 (1965)], we find that the sustained retinal motion caused by tracking a moving target over a stationary grating does not result in a motion aftereffect (MAE) which is equivalent to that resulting from comparable retinal motion caused by actual motion of a grating. The MAE associated with tracking generally occurs in elements falling on areas not previously exposed to retinal motion. It is in the same direction as the previous retinal motion in the display and is apparently an induced MAE caused by a weak, below threshold MAE in the elements stimulating areas that were previously exposed to retinal motion. Based on an analysis of eye movement records, we do not believe that the weakness of the tracking MAE is primarily a function of the poor quality of the tracking eye movements. Other possible reasons for the weakness of the MAE are suggested.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1987

Developmental growth at Woodhaven Center: an eight year longitudinal study.

Developmental growth of residents of a university operated institution was studied over an eight year period of time. Longterm residents received decreasing benefits over time, although shorter term residents evidenced only linear growth. The ideal duration of services was estimated as approximately three to four years.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1987

The activity of drug combinations against established infections of rodent malaria.

In the experiments reported here treatment (with a single dose or daily for 4 days) was delayed until 3 days after inoculation. Various combinations of M&B 35,769, 2:4-diamino-5-[3(4-4'-chlorophenylphenoxy)propyl-1-oxy]-6-methylpy rimidine HCl, plus sulphadoxine, and of M&B 35,769 plus dapsone, were examined and it was concluded that no universally ideal ratio of constituents in a combination is possible because the optimum ratio depends upon the activity of the constituents on their own and therefore varies from strain to strain. Activity was assessed on the 24th day after infection. M&B 35,769 was markedly superior to pyrimethamine against all strains when the compounds were given on their own but, although it showed good potentiation with sulphadoxine and dapsone, much of its lead over pyrimethamine was lost in combination. M&B 36,821 2-4-diamino-5-[3-(3,4'-dibromobiphenyl-4-oxy)-propyl-1-oxy]-6-meth yl pyrimidine HCl, was more active than M&B 35,769 against pyrimethamine- and cycloguanil-resistant strains but not against sensitive strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Activity, event transactions, and quality of life in older adults.

A multidimensional assessment of activity and subjective well-being based on a cognitive model of event causation was tested in a sample of 60 older adults. Activity was conceptualized as involving the occurrence of an event, the presence or absence of a response to that event, and the hedonic tone of the outcome of that transaction. Events were categorized as to whether the environment or the individual initiated them: demands or desires, respectively. Well-being was conceptualized as having two independent components, positive and negative, assessed by positive and negative mood scales and general well-being and quality-of-life scales. Analyses showed that older adults who were responsive to events reported more positive well-being, but high responding was also associated with negative aspects of well-being. Demands interacted with desire responding and outcome; affective outcomes of desired actions were significantly influenced by the occurrence of demand events. Results are interpreted in an expanded model of activity theory.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Sulphasalazine alone or in combination with D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis.

Thirty patients (22 women) with active rheumatoid arthritis participated in an open study of 6 months' treatment with either enteric-coated sulphasalazine (SASP) or SASP plus D-penicillamine (DPA). Patients were assessed at regular intervals using a number of clinical and biochemical tests designed to detect specific antirheumatic activity. There were significant improvements in clinical and laboratory variables with both regimens consistent with second-line activity. Improvements were greater and more numerous with combination therapy. At the end of the trial period, there were nine 'responders' in the SASP/DPA group but only six in the SASP group. Neither efficacy nor toxicity could be related to patient acetylator status. Nausea and dyspepsia were frequent problems with both treatment regimens but dysgeusia and thrombocytopenia were confined to the SASP/DPA group. Study withdrawals were twice as common with combination therapy. These results suggest that a combination of SASP and DPA is more potent than SASP alone but at the expense of poorer patient tolerance.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of proximal interphalangeal joint circumference in rheumatoid arthritis: one joint or ten?

Serial measurements of proximal interphalangeal joint circumference using a single joint that was selected as being 'worst' on clinical grounds or the largest joint at baseline were compared with the mean of all 10 joints in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving second-line drugs. Use of the worst joint gave comparable results to the mean of 10 joint measurements, while the largest joint showed earlier and greater improvement than occurred with the mean of 10 joint sizes. Measurement of a single joint saves time without loss of accuracy or sensitivity.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1987

A controlled trial of nandrolone decanoate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in postmenopausal women.

To determine whether an anabolic steroid had any benefit in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis 47 patients entered a parallel group study. Twenty four received nandrolone decanoate 50 mg intramuscularly every third week for two years and 23 patients received no anabolic steroids. Other therapy was unaltered. Patients attended for clinical and biochemical assessments as well as the objective assessments of elementary body composition by in vivo neutron activation analysis and measurement of the mineral content of the distal femur by single photon absorptiometry on five occasions. A modest clinical deterioration (except for grip strength) was seen in both groups. No significant changes in calcium or alkaline phosphatase were seen. There was no significant change in total body calcium, total body phosphorus, body weight, or bone index/bone width measurements in either group. Significant increases occurred in total body nitrogen, total body potassium, haemoglobin, and packed cell volume (by six months) in the group treated with nandrolone decanoate. Comparison of 10 patients in the group treated with nandrolone decanoate also receiving oral steroid therapy with 14 patients in this group not receiving oral steroid therapy showed no significant differences. The main side effect of nandrolone decanoate was hoarseness. No radiological changes were seen. Nandrolone decanoate, in a dose that produces a significant anabolic effect, has no demonstrable action on bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis but may improve the chronic anaemia by six months.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1987

The use of iodine-125 plaques in the treatment of retinoblastoma.

125I has an energy of 27-35 keV which permits highly effective screening and makes it eminently suitable for treating ophthalmic tumours. It was first used for this in 1974 (Sealy et al., 1976), and since then a flexible system has been developed to treat a variety of such tumours including localized retinoblastoma. A gold foil backed plaque is custom built to cover the tumour(s). The turned edges reduce the dose and thus protect vital adjacent structures such as the optic nerve and lens. The iodine seeds are sealed in the plaque in a predetermined position to give the required dose. A range of doses and times have been used but the authors now aim to give a TDF of 100 to the apex of the tumour in two to three days. Ten tumours in the remaining eye of seven patients with bilateral retinoblastoma were treated. The size ranged from 3 X 3 X 2 to 10 X 10 X 6 mm. There were nine complete responses from 17-90 months and a partial response in one patient who died of metastases at ten months. Vision was maintained in all. Eight recurrent tumours in seven patients were also treated together with a subsequent new tumour in one of the patients. There were three complete responses at 28-39 months and six tumours persisted. Vision was maintained in three of seven patients. The only complication was a vitreous haemorrhage which was mild in two patients, moderate in one patient and severe in three previously treated patients. These latter three patients subsequently had the eye enucleated and were found to have recurrent tumour.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1987

Competitive employment and workers with mental retardation: analysis of employers' perceptions and experiences.

The results of a survey of three groups of employers (employers of workers with mental retardation who received (a) supported competitive employment services, (b) only job placement services, or no known services) in Virginia were reported. Employers were generally satisfied with the performance of workers with mental retardation, but they were more satisfied with the performance of those who were receiving supported competitive employment services.

Attitude↗
PubMed1986

A study to determine the clinical relevance of the pharmacokinetic interaction between aspirin and diclofenac.

Interaction studies in the rat and healthy human volunteers have shown that protein binding of diclofenac is reduced by the addition of salicylic acid causing an increased free drug level of diclofenac. The diclofenac area under curve (AUC) is also reduced by approximately one-third in the presence of salicylate. We have performed a crossover comparison of soluble aspirin, diclofenac and the two drugs in combination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to determine whether this had clinical relevance. 36 patients entered the study. There was a high dropout rate on aspirin alone but analysis of completors (22 patients) showed diclofenac either alone or in combination to be superior to aspirin alone on two of the five clinical parameters measured. There was no significant difference between disclofenac and aspirin + diclofenac. We thus found no clinical manifestations of the pharmacokinetic interaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Safety indices associated with the use of contingent restraint procedures.

The safety of four general classes of contingent restraint was evaluated in a sample of 231 institutionalized mentally retarded persons. The use of mechanical restraints resulted in a significantly lower injury rate than did personal restraint. The use of restraint in emergency situations was found to be more dangerous than the planned use of such procedures.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1986

Promoting women's health: redefining the knowledge base and strategies for change.

Promoting women's health involves undertaking a critical gender-based analysis of women's health status and health needs and the knowledge bases which underlie health promotion action. The authors argue that professional and lay definitions of health problems often differ and that these differences stem from a differential emphasis on existing knowledge bases. Here the authors explore the focus of epidemiological, clinical, and experiential knowledge and suggest ways in which each does or does not address many key health issues which women themselves identify as important. Attention is also directed towards women's own suppressed and devalued knowledge as embodied in traditional folk practices and alternative care forms. Recommendations are made to improve existing knowledge bases by transforming some of the value orientations, priorities, methods and the social organization of research. The authors suggest that positive health promotion strategies must be based on an improved knowledge base and must incorporate three key concepts which women emphasize as central--self determination, women-centred values, and a gender-based political analysis. Strategies and methods to achieve these ends are suggested for health educators and policy-makers who wish to develop more positive approaches to promoting women's health.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Use of sutureless intraluminal aortic prostheses in traumatic rupture of the aorta.

Despite wide acceptance of use of sutureless intraluminal prosthetic grafts in surgical management of acute and chronic aortic dissection, their use in traumatic aortic rupture appears not to have been specifically addressed. This report describes the use of intraluminal prostheses in two cases of aortic disruption due to blunt trauma. Aortic cross-clamp times were 21 and 28 minutes, respectively. Both patients have recovered without sequelae from their aortic injuries. Although not all traumatic aortic disruptions are suitable for repair with intraluminal prostheses, the ease and safety with which this device may be employed recommends consideration of their use in appropriate cases of traumatic rupture of the aorta.

Accidents, Traffic↗