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Biomedical subjects

J Hill

Publications and source records attributed to J Hill.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The relationship of peak inspiratory airflow to subjective airflow in the nose.

A prospective study of 145 patients presenting for nasal surgery was designed to examine the relationship of peak nasal inspiratory airflow (PNIF) to subjective nasal airway patency (SNA). Patients admitted for surgery filled in a self-assessment Questionnaire and PNIF measurements were taken. Six weeks post surgery the procedure was repeated. The patients were divided into four operative groups and the results analysed accordingly. Improvement in SNA was noted in 80-96% of patients and PNIF improved in 60-83%. However, PNIF decreased in 17-40% of patients who felt they were improved. Statistical analysis using Spearman's Rank Correlation test showed no correlation between SNA and PNIF. Despite the well recognized problems of assessing subjective sensation of nasal airflow, we feel this study casts doubt on the usefulness of PNIF in routine clinical practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Is routine histological examination of nasal polyps justified?

This study aims to assess the indications for histological examination of polypoid lesions removed from the nose. To achieve this we have performed a national survey of consultant ENT surgeons and reviewed 2866 nasal polypectomy operations. The operations were performed between 1982 and 1988 in the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford and the Freeman Hospital, Newcastle. One hundred and fifty questionnaires were sent to randomly selected ENT consultants in the United Kingdom. One hundred and seventeen were returned completed (return rate 78%). The questionnaire asked whether or not the surgeon sent all polyps for examination and, if not, what his indications were for so doing. A retrospective review of all nasal polypectomy operations at the two hospitals was performed. The questionnaire revealed that 38% of the surgeons who replied sent all nasal polyps for examination and 62% did not. The commonest indications for requesting histology were unilateral polyps, abnormal appearance and a history of bleeding. The review of polypectomies showed that 74% of cases in Oxford were examined histologically and 33% in Newcastle. Two per cent of polyps were tumours, of which half were malignant. There were no cases in this study in which unsuspected malignancy was found. All cases of nasal tumours, benign or malignant, were diagnosed clinically either in the Outpatient clinic or in the operating theatre. The results of this survey suggest that it is unnecessary to send all nasal polyps for histological examination.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1990

A double-blind crossover study to compare lysine acetyl salicylate (Aspergesic) with ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Lysine acetyl salicylate [1.8 g t.d.s. (Aspergesic 1,000 sachet)] has been compared to 400-mg ibuprofen tablets t.d.s. in a randomized double-blind trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using double-dummy technique. Both drugs proved effective in relieving symptoms. Three patients experienced drug-related side-effects with Aspergesic, and one patient with ibuprofen, that necessitated early discontinuation of treatment. Aspergesic was associated with a greater number of haemoglobin values falling below the normal range than ibuprofen. At the end of the study, eight out of 10 patients who expressed a preference selected Aspergesic for improving mobility whilst 15/24 selected Aspergesic for improving pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A new era for health services research?

The suggestion that health services research is now on the threshold of a new era of importance is a commonplace theme in selected forums. Concern over escalating costs and quality assurance in the health care industry have inspired government, business, insurers, and health care organizations to search for answers in health services research. Those who expect a new era of assessment and accountability will be disappointed, however, if certain key conditions, such as financial resources, multidisciplinary cooperation, significant new training programs, and unified action on national and state public interest research agendas, are not satisfied.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1990

von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis and myelomatosis.

We report a case of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis associated with myelomatosis. The association of these two relatively common conditions has not been described previously. We discuss the hypothesis that the NF-1 gene confers a degree of protection from certain common adult malignancies.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

An abdominal wall jig for surgical craft workshops.

An improved jig simulating the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity is described. It can be used to teach the techniques of abdominal wound closure and stoma formation. It has proved to be a valuable addition to our anastomosis workshops.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of six foraging behaviors as toxicity indicators, using juvenile smallmouth bass exposed to low environmental pH.

Six foraging behaviors were evaluated for use in toxicity bioassays with fishes. Response time and strike frequency were used to measure fish activity, average and longest fixation distance, to measure visual acuity, while prey capture frequency and strike success were used to measure fish coordination and agility. In this study, the feeding behaviors were used to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to acidic water on juvenile smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui). Feeding responses to two types of live prey, tubificids and Daphnia magna, were recorded for bass exposed to pH 4.7 and 4.2. Fish held at the lower pH level had significantly lower fixation distances, prey capture success and capture frequencies with both prey types, indicating that high levels of acidity may impair visual acuity, coordination, and agility. The foraging behaviors evaluated herein appear to be useful in toxicity testing because they are easily quantified and indicate changes that may affect growth and survival in long-term exposures.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Eyelid necrosis complicating acute maxillary sinusitis.

Orbital cellulitis is a well recognized complication of paranasal sinusitis. Fearon et al. (1979) reviewed 6,770 cases of sinusitis, of which only 159 had orbital cellulitis. We report a case in which orbital cellulitis progressed to necrosis of the eyelids. This was treated by desloughing and split skin grafting.

Eyelids↗
PubMed1989

Motion aftereffects and retinal motion.

Two experiments are described in which it was investigated whether the adaptation on which motion aftereffects (MAEs) are based is a response to retinal image motion alone or to the motion signal derived from the process which combines the image motion signal with information about eye movement (corollary discharge). In both experiments observers either fixated a stationary point or tracked a vertically moving point while a pattern (in experiment 1, a grating; in experiment 2, a random-dot pattern) drifted horizontally across the field. In the tracking condition the adapting retinal motion was oblique. In the fixation condition it was horizontal. In every case in both conditions the MAE was horizontal, in the direction opposite to that of pattern motion. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the adaptation is a response to the motion signal derived from the comparison of eye and image motion rather than to retinal motion per se. An alternative explanation is discussed.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1989

Surgical glove perforation rates in otolaryngology.

Nine-hundred and eleven pairs of surgical gloves used by Ear, Nose and Throat surgeons and their scrub nurses were tested for perforations over a 6-week period. We studied the perforation rate for different surgical procedures and found the average rate to be 4.8%. The rates varied from endoscopy with a perforation rate of zero to major head and neck resections with a rate of 28.5%.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1989

Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo is not a major cause of bovine abortion in Victoria.

The aim of this study was to determine whether evidence could be obtained of foetal infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in aborted foetuses collected from dairy farms. Material from 197 abortions occurring over a wide area of Victoria was collected over 3 years. None of 195 foetal kidney cultures or 7 cultures from membranes was positive for leptospiral organisms. Immunogold silver staining for leptospires was performed on sections of kidneys, lungs or heart from 156 foetuses, with negative results. Evidence of transient leptospiral infection in 11 of 123 foetuses was obtained by foetal heart blood serology. Two isolates of L. interrogans serovar hardjo were obtained from the urine of milking cows. These strains were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis and both were shown to be of the genotype Hardjobovis, as have been all Australian isolates studied so far. It appears that foetal infection with serovar hardjo is not associated with any substantial proportion of bovine abortions in Victoria, in contrast to the situation in Northern Ireland. The apparent absence from Victoria of the pathogenic genotype Hardjoprajitno is a possible explanation.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1989

Cavernous haemangioma of the head and neck in the adult.

This paper reviews a personal experience of 51 cases seen over a 30 year period. Patients were treated in either a combined Head and Neck clinic or a Combined Ophthalmology clinic and a balanced view is thus represented. A method of grading the severity of the disease is described as well as a method of assessing response. This approach has not been proposed hitherto. It is generally concluded that the preferred treatment for small lesions is excisional surgery and for larger lesions carefully planned and highly localized radiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Adult personality functioning assessment (APFA). An investigator-based standardised interview.

The development of an investigator-based standardised interview to assess patterns of specific and general social dysfunction is described. It covers six domains of functioning: work; love relationships; friendships; non-intimate social contacts; negotiations; and everyday coping. Inter-rater reliability was tested by three investigators rating 21 audiotaped interviews, and was shown to be high, with an intraclass correlation of 0.87 for the total score. The pattern of associations between specific and general social dysfunction was examined through determination of sensitivities and specificities and through LISREL modelling. The findings varied across social domains but it was concluded that the total APFA score provided a reasonable measure of general social dysfunction.

Adaptation, Psychological↗