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Biomedical subjects

J Herman

Publications and source records attributed to J Herman.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Sleep paralysis: a study in family practice.

Over a period of two years, five patients with sleep paralysis referred themselves to four family practices in Israel serving a population of 6800. None of the patients suffered from daytime sleep attacks or cataplexy and all were from the oriental (sephardi) community. The two who were tissue typed had HLA haplotypes different from those which are exclusively associated with narcolepsy and one of them who also underwent polysomnography had a normal tracing. There was considerable delay in consulting a physician despite the physical and mental anguish caused by the disorder and some improvement was noted once the diagnosis was explained. The serious nature of the components of the differential diagnosis - myocardial infarction, seizure disorder, cardiac arrest, anaesthetic accident - makes it important that sleep paralysis be more widely recognized.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effect of progressive relaxation on Valsalva response in healthy adults.

The purpose of the study was to determine if the tensing portion of progressive relaxation initiates the Valsalva response in order to establish the safety of the procedure for acutely ill cardiovascular patients. Sixty healthy adult volunteers performed fist, chest, and abdominal tensing and relaxation while their heart rate was continuously monitored. Occurrence of the Valsalva response was determined by dividing peak tachycardia during tensing by maximum bradycardia during releasing the tension. A Valsalva ratio greater than 1.5 indicated presence of the Valsalva response. Forty-three percent of the sample exhibited the Valsalva response. Thus, progressive relaxation should not be used with acutely ill cardiovascular patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral location of international 10-20 system electrode placement.

We employed CT scanning to correlate scalp markers placed according to the international 10-20 system with underlying cerebral structures. Subjects were 12 normal volunteers. Measurements included assessment for cranial asymmetry to determine the effect of skull asymmetry on cortical location of electrodes. Results were correlated with the cortical histological map of Brodmann. Primary cortical locations agree well with previously published data and provide cortical localization in greater detail than previous studies. Variability of cortical electrode location was substantial in some cases and not related to cranial asymmetry. The results indicate that CT scanning or other neuroimaging techniques which reveal detailed cerebral anatomy would be potentially highly useful in defining the generators of electrocerebral potentials recorded from the scalp.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The effect of RU 41.740 (Biostim) on the production of interleukin-1 by monocytes and enriched large granular lymphocytes in normals and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The effect of RU 41.740 on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity from normals and patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied. RU 41.740-treated normal enriched large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) showed increased cytotoxic activity against 51Cr-labelled K562 cells. Although the drug increased the cytotoxic activity of LGLs from HCC patients, these results were not statistically significant. As LGLs have been shown to release interleukin-1 (IL-1) after suitable stimulation the effects of RU 41.740 on production of this cytokine from both monocytes and LGLs was studied. The drug stimulated IL-1 release from normal cells but monocyte and LGL IL-1 production from HCC patients was not influenced by RU 41.740 by RU 41.740. It is concluded, therefore, that although RU 41.740 can stimulate natural cytotoxicity and IL-1 production by normal LGLs, it is unable to correct the defect which exists in these functions in patients with large mass tumours.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Tumor cells stimulate interleukin 1 (IL-1) production from enriched large granular lymphocytes.

When enriched large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) were activated by K562 cells substantial amounts of interleukin 1 (IL-1) could be detected in the supernatants as measured by the mouse thymocyte assay. IL-1 could also be produced by LGLs treated with other tumor cells according to their ability to be lysed by LGLs. Therefore PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells which were moderately sensitive to LGL attack stimulated moderate amounts of IL-1 from the LGLs. Yac-1 cells and human fibroblasts which are resistant to LGL cytolysis did not activate LGLs to produce significant amounts of IL-1. IL-1 was shown to be produced by LGLs and not by the stimulatory tumor cells. Interferon-alpha (IFN), which reduced the susceptibility of target cells to be lysed by LGLs, also inhibited their ability to stimulate IL-1 production from LGLs. The IL-1 stimulatory effect of tumor cells on LGLs could not be attributed to Mycoplasma or endotoxin contamination. It is suggested that LGLs release IL-1 when they encounter susceptible cells and that release of this cytokine is important in the subsequent lysis of target cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Long-term effects of incestuous abuse in childhood.

The authors studied two groups of adult women with histories of incest, a nonclinical sample (N = 152) and an outpatient sample (N = 53). Women in the community sample reported a range of long-term effects from the incest. The great majority said they had been upset by their incest experiences, but about half said they had recovered well from their trauma. Most women who had suffered forceful, prolonged, or highly intrusive sexual abuse, or who had been abused by their father or stepfather, reported long-lasting negative effects. The patient sample reported histories comparable to the most severe traumatic histories in the community sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Psychiatrist-patient sexual contact: results of a national survey. I: Prevalence.

In a nationwide survey of U.S. psychiatrists, 7.1% (N = 1,057) of the male and 3.1% (N = 257) of the female respondents acknowledged sexual contact with their own patients. Eighty-eight percent of the sexual contacts occurred between male psychiatrists and female patients. All offenders who had been involved with more than one patient were male. Forty-one percent of the offending psychiatrists sought consultation because of their sexual involvement with patients. The authors compare these results with those of previous surveys of psychiatrists and psychologists and discuss the need for addressing this problem within the psychiatric profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Defective interleukin-1 production by natural killer cells of patients with cancer.

Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) from patients with malignant disease and from controls were activated by endotoxin or K562 cells, and the supernatants assayed for interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. Normal LGLs produced significant amounts of IL-1, the activity of which could be neutralized by anti-human IL-1 antiserum. In patients with advanced cancer depressed IL-1 production was observed, which generally correlated with the degree of cytotoxicity produced by the LGLs. Prior treatment of the LGLs with interferon increased production of IL-1 by both control and patient cells. It is suggested that LGLs coming into contact with K562 cells produce IL-1, which is important in the effector-target cell interaction. The decreased cytotoxic activity of LGLs from cancer patients could be related to a defect in IL-1 production, an effect which can be partially corrected by in vitro interferon treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The role of interleukin 1 (IL 1) in tumor-NK cell interactions: correction of defective NK cell activity in cancer patients by treating target cells with IL 1.

This study examined the importance of interleukin 1 (IL 1) in the large granular lymphocyte (LGL)-target cell interaction. K562 target cells when treated with highly purified human IL 1 for 1 hr bound greater numbers of LGL than untreated cells. LGL from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that bound few untreated K562 cells, attached to considerably increased numbers of IL 1-treated target cells. Cytotoxicity of LGL against target cells could similarly be increased by pulsing the latter cells with IL 1, and defective cytotoxicity of LGL from HCC patients could be corrected by treating the target K562 cells with IL 1. Lysis of PLC/PRF/5 cells, Yac-1 cells, and normal skin fibroblasts could also be increased by treatment with IL 1 for 1 hr. The enhanced binding and cytotoxicity of IL 1-treated target cells was only observed when the latter cells were preincubated with IL 1 at 37 degrees C, and was not evident at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, the IL 1-mediated effect could be abolished by treating the target cells with cycloheximide before the IL 1 pulse, or by adding rabbit anti-human IL 1 together with the IL 1. These results indicate that IL 1 affects a variety of target cells and increases their ability to bind and be lysed by enriched LGL. They demonstrate, furthermore, that defective natural cytotoxicity by the LGL of patients with advanced malignant disease can be corrected in vitro by treating the target cells with IL 1.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of natural killer cells on syngeneic bone marrow: in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating graft failure due to NK cells in an identical twin treated by bone marrow transplantation.

Bone marrow transplantation for severe idiopathic aplastic anemia was undertaken in a patient, using his monozygotic twin brother as the donor. In spite of the use of syngeneic bone marrow, failure of engraftment occurred on two occasions. In vitro studies demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells from the recipient markedly inhibited the growth of donor bone marrow granulocyte progenitor cells. On a third attempt, successful bone marrow engraftment was achieved following high-dose cyclophosphamide, which has previously been shown to be inhibitory to NK cells. We conclude that NK cell activity may play an important role in bone marrow failure as well as being responsible for at least some cases of aplastic anemia.

Adult↗