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Biomedical subjects

J Henke

Publications and source records attributed to J Henke.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Assessment of asthma severity in adults with asthma treated by family practitioners, allergists, and pulmonologists.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate measurement of asthma severity is critical for research evaluating asthma health outcomes. There are, however, no widely accepted asthma severity measures. A severity-of-asthma score, which is based on self-reported information, was previously developed and validated in subjects recruited from pulmonary and allergy subspecialty practices. The purpose of this study was to validate the severity-of-asthma score in subjects treated by family practice physicians and to compare asthma severity in subjects treated by family practitioners (n = 150) with those seen by allergists (n = 217) and pulmonologists (n = 384). METHODS: The study was an ongoing panel study of adults with asthma. Subjects were a random sample of board-certified family practice, allergy, and pulmonary physicians. Each physician registered patients with asthma aged 18 to 50 years. Of 869 subjects registered, 751 (86%) completed structured telephone interviews. The family practice panel was recruited approximately 3 years after the subspecialty panel. RESULTS: In the family practice subjects, the severity-of-asthma score demonstrated internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.76) and concurrent validity, correlating strongly with asthma-specific quality of life, SF-36 General Health and Physical Functioning scales, and subject-perceived asthma severity. After controlling for demographic characteristics, a 5-point score increment was associated with increased emergency department visits, urgent physician visits, and restricted activity days. The mean severity score was highest in the pulmonary group (11.8 +/- 6.3), followed by the allergy (10.3 +/- 5.3) and family practice (9.3 +/- 5.5) groups. CONCLUSIONS: The severity-of-asthma score was a valid measure in generalist-treated subjects. Asthma severity varied significantly by physician specialty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Environmental tobacco smoke and adult asthma. The impact of changing exposure status on health outcomes.

The effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on adults with asthma has not been well characterized. In a prospective cohort study of 451 nonsmoking adults with asthma, we evaluated the impact of ETS exposure on asthma severity, health status, and health care utilization over 18 mo. There were 129 subjects (29%; 95% CI, 25-33%) who reported regular ETS exposure, falling into three categories: exposure at baseline but none at follow-up (n = 43, 10%), no baseline exposure and new exposure at follow-up (n = 56, 12%), and exposure at both baseline and follow-up (n = 30, 7%). In cross-sectional analyses, subjects with baseline ETS exposure had greater severity-of-asthma scores (score difference, 1.7; 95% CI, 0. 2-3.1), worse asthma-specific quality of life scores (score difference, 3.5; 95% CI, 0.03-7.0), and worse scores on the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 physical component summary (score difference, 3. 0; 95% CI, 0-6.0) than unexposed subjects. They also had greater odds of emergency department visits (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.5), urgent physician visits (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3), and hospitalizations (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.02-3.6). In longitudinal follow-up, subjects reporting ETS cessation showed improvement in severity-of-asthma scores (score reduction, -3.2; 95% CI, -4.4 to -2. 0) and physical component summary scores (score increase, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.6-8.1). Environmental tobacco smoke cessation decreased the odds of emergency department visits (OR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.97) and hospitalizations (OR = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.04-0.97) after adjustment for covariates. Environmental tobacco smoke initiation was associated with greater asthma severity only in subjects with high-level (>= 3 h/wk) exposure (score increase, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.03-2.7). In conclusion, self-reported ETS exposure is associated with greater asthma severity, worse health status, and increased health care utilization in adults with asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Human orosomucoid (ORM1) subtyping: further population genetic data and reports on the feasibility to type aged blood samples and stains.

Genetic polymorphism of serum orosomucoid (ORM1) was investigated in 1072 unrelated German Caucasians using isoelectric focusing followed by Western blotting and EIA. The estimated allele frequencies were ORM1 *F1 = 0.5690, ORM1 *S = 0.3927, ORM1 *F2 = 0.0368, ORM1 *F2S = 0.0009 and ORM1 *F5 = 0.0005. The method was successfully applied to determine ORM1 phenotypes in aged blood samples and blood stains. The results indicated that the ORM protein is a informative and remarkably robust blood group system.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

[Problems of laparoscopy using captoperitoneum: controlled ventilation, circulation, blood gas and body temperature].

More and more veterinarians are going to perform laparoscopic diagnosis and surgery those days. But the technique using capnoperitoneum implicates several alterations of different physiological parameters, which, without proper monitoring, are often realized to late. Pathophysiology under CO2 insufflated abdomen as well as counter measures to keep or reestablish physiological situations are described. Within experimental studies, 27 pigs received partial colon resection using the laparoscopic technique, another six after laparotomy. They were compared concerning controlled ventilation, cardiovascular and blood gas parameters as well as the body temperature. Monitoring of the end-exspiratory CO2-gas tension as well as controlled ventilation seems to be essential. Blood gas analyses are proposed additionally. Under the described laparoscopic conditions blood circulation and body temperature seem to be influenced positively.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

Pulmonary and allergy subspecialty care in adults with asthma. Treatment, use of services, and health outcomes.

To study the relationship between physician subspecialty practice type and health measures in patients with adult asthma, we prospectively studied 601 adults with asthma. The subjects were recruited from a random sample of board-certified pulmonary or allergy internal medicine subspecialists practicing in northern California; 539 patients (90%) were restudied after 18 months. Structured telephone interviews were used to elicit demographics, clinical variables, and measures of asthma severity, asthma-specific quality of life, and physical function status. At baseline and follow-up, 283 subjects (53%) reported their principal asthma care provider type as a pulmonary specialist throughout and 150 (28%) as an allergy specialist throughout, 53 (10%) switched provider type during follow-up, and 53 (10%) reported that their principal asthma care physician was from neither subspecialist group. Taking into account illness severity and other demographic and clinical covariates, the group whose principal asthma care came from an allergy subspecialist was more likely than the pulmonary specialist-care group to report possessing a peak expiratory flow rate meter (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 4.6) and less likely to be receiving high-dose inhaled steroids (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.6). Taking into account demographic and clinical covariates, allergists' care was related to worse subject-reported asthma-specific quality of life (P = 0.02), but not to statistically increased risk of hospitalization, decreased physical function, or an increased number of reported health-related restricted-activity days. We observed subject-reported specialist variation in management and health outcomes among adults with asthma not accounted for by differing disease severity or other clinical and demographic variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Population genetic and family data for the human minisatellite locus D16S309 (MS205) in Germans.

The distribution of restriction fragments at the DNA minisatellite locus D16S309 was estimated by investigating blood samples from 2617 unrelated West German Caucasians and 1269 offspring. Furthermore segregation of fragments was studied in a large family and in trios. Altogether 2296 meioses were studied, revealing 7 paternal and 3 maternal mutations. Inspection of "phenotypes" did not reveal any remarkable deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Novel polymorphisms and haplotypes in the human coagulation factor XIII A-subunit gene.

Novel polymorphic sites within the coding region of the human coagulation factor XIII A-subunit (F13A) gene and their haplotypic combinations with the other polymorphic sites thus far reported are presented. Polymorphic bands were detected in exons 2, 5, 8, 12 and 14 by using single strand conformational polymorphism analysis and antithetic forms of the polymorphic exons were linked with each other, cosegregating as distinct sequence haplotypes. In Finnish, German, and Russian populations a total of 18 haplotypes were observed of possible 72 haplotypic combinations of the 5 exons. Ten of the haplotypes detected were found to have no novel mutations but to be only combinations of preexisting mutations. No tightly associated combinations in pairwise comparisons between antithetic forms of the polymorphic exons were observed, indicating that there may be recombinational hotspots within the F13A gene region.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[Carbon dioxide stunning for the slaughter of turkeys].

In an experimental study on stunning of 460 turkeys in a CO2 enriched atmosphere (60-70% CO2 in air), as a more animal protecting and more economic alternative to conventional electrical stunning, the following results are obtained: all animals show respiratory arrest within 100 seconds. After being dipped in a CO2 enriched atmosphere for a few seconds the turkeys show head shaking and forced respiration which has to be considered as a strain the animals are conscious of. The meat hygienic results after CO2 stunning are much better than after electrical stunning.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical investigations of an i.m. combination anesthesia with fentanylclimazolam/xylazine and postoperative i.v. antagonism with naloxone/sarmazenil/yohimbine in guinea pigs].

Aim of the study was the clinical use of a completely antagonisable anaesthesia in guinea pigs. The dosage based on experimental studies. Fentanyl, climazolam and xylazine (0.05/2.0/2.0 mg/kg) were injected i.m. for combination anaesthesia and naloxone, sarmazenil and yohimbine (0.03/0.3/2.0 mg/kg) i.v. were used for antagonisation. 18 guinea pigs (17 female, one male) with an average body weight of 1177 g aged between eight months and five years were anaesthetised for various surgical procedures. The following clinical parameters were measured: body temperature, muscle relaxation, analgesia, hyperacusia, righting-, interdigital- and palpebral reflex. After antagonisation the return of righting reflex, the appearance of muscle trembling, the first walking without ataxia and the first food uptake were observed. The investigations showed that this kind of anaesthesia is suitable for surgical procedures in the guinea pig and is very safe because of the complete antagonisation of the depressing respiratory and circulatory effects of anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1996

[Isoflurane anesthesia in rabbits in a closed anesthetic system].

Using the Stephens anaesthetic apparatus-which is a closed system with an in-circuit, nonprecision vaporizer-and isoflurane as anaesthetic gas, 18 rabbits were anaesthetized and showed sufficient hypnosis, analgesia, and muscle relaxation during bone surgery. Induction of anaesthesia was achieved with intravenous propofol and all rabbits were intubated afterwards. During the following isoflurane inhalation anaesthesia the mean arterial blood pressure decreased considerably (compared to control measures before induction), the heart rate remained the same or showed a slight increase, and the respiratory rate decreased. The arterial pO2 decreased corresponding to the respiratory depression after propofol induction and increased again during spontaneous ventilation with 100% oxygen. The changes in arterial pCO2 and pH were representative for a rise in the CO2-stimulation threshold. A moderate metabolic acidosis could be seen due to preanaesthetic excitement of the animals. Recovery time was short (between one and 11 minutes) and no signs of excitation could be detected. The consumed volume of isoflurane was 0.80 ml/kg BW/h.

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit↗
PubMed1995

Changes in organic solutes, volume, energy state, and metabolism associated with osmotic stress in a glial cell line: a multinuclear NMR study.

Diffusion-weighted in vivo 1H-NMR spectroscopy of F98 glioma cells embedded in basement membrane gel threads showed that the initial cell swelling to about 180% of the original volume induced under hypotonic stress was followed by a regulatory volume decrease to nearly 100% of the control volume in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) but only to 130% in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB, containing only glucose as a substrate) after 7 h. The initial cell shrinkage to approx. 70% induced by the hypertonic stress was compensated by a regulatory volume increase which after 7 h reached almost 100% of the control value in KHB and 75% in DMEM. 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectroscopy of perchloric acid extracts showed that these volume regulatory processes were accompanied by pronounced changes in the content of organic osmolytes. Adaptation of intra- to extracellular osmolarity was preferentially mediated by a decrease in the cytosolic taurine level under hypotonic stress and by an intracellular accumulation of amino acids under hypertonic stress. If these solutes were not available in sufficient quantities (as in KHB), the osmolarity of the cytosol was increasingly modified by biosynthesis of products and intermediates of essential metabolic pathways, such as alanine, glutamate and glycerophosphocholine in addition to ethanolamine. The cellular nucleoside triphosphate level measured by in vivo 31P-NMR spectroscopy indicated that the energy state of the cells was more easily sustained under hypotonic than hypertonic conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Recent observations in human DNA-minisatellite mutations.

We report maternal and paternal mutation rates at loci D1S7 (MS1), D7S21 (MS31), D12S11 (MS43A), and D7S22 (G3). The respective mutation rates were as follows: [table: see text] At loci D7S21, D12S11, and D7S22 statistically significant differences in mutation rates exist between the sexes. No such difference was observed at locus D1S7. However inspection of the latter data reveals that by mutation at spermiogenesis approximately two-thirds of the fragments showed an addition of repetitive units, while a 50: 50 ratio was encountered in the series of maternal mutations. We also report the observation of naturally occurring 3-fragment patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[CO2/O2 anesthesia for the castration of male piglets (preliminary results)].

Introduction of anaesthesia with CO2/O2 (60% to 40%) is possible within 90 and 120 seconds. There are moderate to excessive excitations occurring as part of state II of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia (during castration) in CO2/O2-atmosphere produces excellent analgesia and relaxation. The duration of castration surgery is much shorter under CO2-anaesthesia than without anaesthesia. Blood cortisol levels are significantly higher after castration without CO2-anaesthesia. About 5 minutes after CO2/O2-anaesthesia and castration surgery, piglets are already awake and standing.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

DNA-minisatellite mutations: recent investigations concerning distribution and impact on parentage testing.

At least 815 meioses were studied in the HinfI polymorphisms of DNA minisatellite loci D1S7, D2S44, D7S21, D7S22, and D12S11 in order to collect data on respective mutation rates. At locus D7S21 (probe MS31) a striking difference between the paternal and maternal mutation rate was observed (1.5% versus 0.2%). This study also describes, how to deal biostatistically with paternal mutations in parentage testing. Possible implications of mutations are illustrated by the description of 2 cases. Case 1 reports an "exclusion" of mother and father with probe MS1. Case 2 describes 2 paternal "exclusions" with probes MS31 and G3. The statistical likelihood for a paternal "exclusion" with 2 of the 5 probes is 0.13%. By omitting probe MS1, this frequency can be reduced to 0.02%. Nevertheless, the second case clearly shows, that informative blood group markers cannot be replaced by DNA polymorphisms.

Alleles↗