Biomedical subjects
J Henderson
Publications and source records attributed to J Henderson.
[Thrombelastrographic radiobiological studies of the blood of patients with gynecologic cancer following administration of irradiated streptokinase-streptodornase].
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A note on primary adult hypothyroidism in a Scottish rural practice.
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Quantitative determination of insulin output following an intravenous glucose tolerance test in the dog.
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On the relationship of the thymus to the sexual organs: I. The influence of castration on the thymus.
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A mobile breast screening project in Scotland: lessons learned for national screening.
In 1986, a project was undertaken to determine the feasibility and cost of screening for breast cancer, using single oblique view mammography. Screening was offered to women aged between 40 and 65, on an open access basis, to those living in rural areas near Edinburgh. This article reports on: the logistical difficulties encountered; the costs of mobile screening; a comparison of costs when screening from a static centre; and, identifies factors found to influence attendance rates. The lessons learned from the project were incorporated into the planning of the mobile van operating in the South-East of Scotland Screening Programme, part of the National Breast Screening Programme; comparisons, where possible, have been included.
Decreased interstitial glucose and transmural gradient in lactate during ischemia.
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on the transmural levels of glucose and lactate in the interstitium in 11 open-chest swine. Microdialysis probes were used to estimate changes in interstitial metabolities across the ventricular wall. Probes were placed in the subepicardium and the subendocardium of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery perfusion bed and in the midmyocardium of the circumflex (CFX) perfusion bed. The LAD coronary artery was cannulated and perfused with blood from the femoral artery through an extracorporal perfusion circuit. Ischemia was induced in the LAD perfusion bed by reducing the flow of the LAD perfusion pump by 60% for 50 min, and was followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Regional myocardial blood flow was assessed with fluorescent microspheres. Ischemia resulted in a transmural gradient in blood flow, with the most severe reduction in flow occurring in the subendocardium (p < 0.05). We found a significant reduction in interstitial glucose in both the LAD subepicardium (1.26 +/- 0.24 mM) (p = 0.0009) and subendocardium (0.89 +/- 0.21 mM) (p = 0.0001) during ischemia compared to the aerobic (non-ischemic) period (1.97 +/- 0.25 mM, 2.03 +/- 0.29 mM for the subepicardium and subendocardium, respectively). This coincided with a significant reduction in glucose delivery (LAD pump flow * arterial glucose) to the LAD perfusion bed during ischemia (54.5 +/- 8.5 mumol/min) compared to aerobic values (182.1 +/- 25.3 mumol/min) (p < 0.05). Interstitial lactate levels were significantly increased during ischemia in the LAD subendocardium (3.39 +/- 0.46 mM) compared to the aerobic values (1.73 +/- 0.46 mM) (p < 0.0029). A transmural gradient in interstitial lactate levels was observed during ischemia: this gradient was not seen during the aerobic period and was negated upon reperfusion. In conclusion, ischemia resulted in a decrease in interstitial glucose in both the LAD subepicardium and subendocardium, and an increase in interstitial lactate in the LAD subendocardium. Further, a transmural gradient in interstitial lactate levels was observed during ischemia, with the highest lactate values appearing in the subendocardium.
Raised liver associated enzyme activity and post-prandial bile acid concentrations in sera from treated diabetic outpatients.
Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities were measured in sera from 411 diabetic outpatients and were raised in 26 (6.4%), 34 (8.3%) and 62 (15.2%) patients, respectively. Serum total bile acid concentrations were raised in 4 patients (1%). Percentage glycated hemoglobin A1, serum fructosamine concentration and plasma glucose concentration were also measured. No relationship between the presence of raised enzyme activity and mature age, short duration of diabetic treatment regimen or glycemic control was found. Twenty-six patients with an alanine aminotransferase activity greater than 60 U/l were reviewed at 23 +/- 6.5 weeks. The activity of this enzyme had fallen to within the reference interval in 15 (58%). In the other 11 patients, its median activity was 75 U/l (range 51-181 U/l). Median gamma-glutamyl transferase activity had risen in these 11 patients from 78 U/l to 93 U/l (P less than 0.01). No statistical differences in treatment regimen or glycemic control were found between these two groups. Raised liver-associated enzyme activity in treated stabilised diabetic outpatients should therefore not be attributed to poor glycemic control or diabetic treatment regimen.
Behavioral effects of lesions of precommissural and postcommissural fornix.
Lesions which sever different parts of precommissural or postcommissural fornix were compared to the effects of control lesions in several behavioral tasks. Spatial learning and avoidance was impaired by lesions of the descending columns, or by lesions which sever the precommissural communications passing to and from medial septum. Damage to precommissural fibers through lateral septum produced a measurable change only on the avoidance task. This pattern of deficits, considered together with the anatomical relationship of the system, suggests a model in which the medial septum relays kinesthetic information to dorsal hippocampus, which in turn serves as a memory system in the performance of spatial habits. It is less clear what kind of information is relayed by lateral septum, but it may communicate with ventral hippocampus regarding the consequences of punishment, and thus serve as part of a system for defensive suppression of behavior.
Analysis of air contrast barium enema, computed tomographic colonography, and colonoscopy: prospective comparison.
BACKGROUND: The usefulness of currently available colon imaging tests, including air contrast barium enema (ACBE), computed tomographic colonography (CTC), and colonoscopy, to detect colon polyps and cancers is uncertain. We aimed to assess the sensitivity of these three imaging tests. METHODS: Patients with faecal occult blood, haematochezia, iron-deficiency anaemia, or a family history of colon cancer underwent three separate colon-imaging studies--ACBE, followed 7-14 days later by CTC and colonoscopy on the same day. The primary outcome was detection of colonic polyps and cancers. Outcomes were assessed by building an aggregate view of the colon, taking into account results of all three tests. FINDINGS: 614 patients completed all three imaging tests. When analysed on a per-patient basis, for lesions 10 mm or larger in size (n=63), the sensitivity of ACBE was 48% (95% CI 35-61), CTC 59% (46-71, p=0.1083 for CTC vs ACBE), and colonoscopy 98% (91-100, p<0.0001 for colonoscopy vs CTC). For lesions 6-9 mm in size (n=116), sensitivity was 35% for ACBE (27-45), 51% for CTC (41-60, p=0.0080 for CTC vs ACBE), and 99% for colonoscopy (95-100, p<0.0001 for colonoscopy vs CTC). For lesions of 10 mm or larger in size, the specificity was greater for colonoscopy (0.996) than for either ACBE (0.90) or CTC (0.96) and declined for ACBE and CTC when smaller lesions were considered. INTERPRETATION: Colonoscopy was more sensitive than other tests, as currently undertaken, for detection of colonic polyps and cancers. These data have important implications for diagnostic use of colon imaging tests.
Women and their husbands: mood and arousal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle and days of the week.
This study examined the relationship between biological (menstrual cycle) and social-contextual (day of the week) factors and psychological and physical events among nine women and their spouses. Employing P-technique factor analysis to identify consistent patterns in single-subject data over 90 days of reporting, two factors emerged: Negative Mood and Arousal. When these factors were compared over five phases of each woman's menstrual cycle, the only significant finding was that men's Arousal scores were significantly greater during their wives' menses phase compared to their follicular phase. Negative Moods decreased on weekends for both males and females, and females also showed a decline in Arousal on the weekend. The finding that our social factor (day of the week) accounted for more variability in subjects' reports than did our biological factor (the menstrual cycle) emphasizes the importance of considering biological events in the context of social structures and belief systems.
External acoustic meatus cholesteatoma.
Cholesteatoma is a condition usually affecting the middle ear and mastoid, but in certain cases it can be found in the external ear canal. It usually affects elderly people and presents with chronic otorrhoea and dull otalgia. The disease can progress to extensive mastoid destruction. Small lesions can be treated with regular microscopic debridement in out-patients while larger lesions require surgery to eradicate the cholesteatoma sac. We present 2 cases of external ear cholesteatoma to add to the less than 50 cases reported to date.
Community transference: toward a psychiatry-of-the-community.
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A clinical and immunologic study of employees in a facility manufacturing trimellitic anhydride.
We conducted a 1-year cross-sectional survey of 474 employees of a large chemical manufacturing complex to relate trimellitic anhydride (TMA) exposure to serologic and clinical outcomes. In 1988-1989, employees were evaluated by history and immunologic assay of total (T) and IgE antibody to trimellityl human serum albumin (TM-HSA). All employees were assigned to a TMA exposure class, from 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest), by an industrial hygienist, independent of the clinical and immunological data. Thirty-two (6.8%) of 474 employees had a TMA immunologic syndrome, 31.6% with an irritant response and 61.6% with no symptoms. Twelve had asthma/rhinitis, 10 had the late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS), four had late onset asthma, one had late onset arthralgia, and five had a distant history of LRSS. Included in this survey of the entire work force were 321 new enrollees, who had not joined the previous (1976 to 1988) voluntary surveillance program. Only four (1.3%) of the new enrollee group had a TMA immunologic syndrome. Among new enrollees, there were lower mean total and IgE serum antibody levels in lower exposure classes and a higher percentage with elevated antibody levels in high exposure classes (for T, x2 = 17.5, p = .0016; for IgE, x2 = 76.7, p less than .0001). In the new enrollee population, demographic variables of age, sex, date of hire, and smoking status were examined related to antibody levels. Only current or former smoking was related to elevated total antibody levels.
ELISA screening tests for specific IgE and IgG antibody in employees exposed to trimellitic anhydride (TMA).
The objective of the study was to determine whether ELISA screening tests could be developed for specific IgE and IgG antibody in surveillance studies of employees exposed to trimellitic anhydride (TMA). Such tests would obviate the need for radiolabeling and disposal of radioactive wastes. The design of the study was a masked comparison of serologic results of ELISA screening tests with the criterion standard radioimmunoassay (RIA) currently used. The participants were 233 employees of a chemical plant that manufactures TMA. When the screening ELISA serologic results for IgG against TM-human serum albumin (TM-HSA) were compared with those of the RIA, the sensitivity was 92%, the specificity was 93%, the positive predictive value was 62%, and the negative predictive value was 99%. When the screening ELISA serologic results for IgE against TM-HSA were compared with those of the RIA, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 91%, the positive predictive value was 31%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. We conclude that ELISA screening tests for antibody to TM-HSA have sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value to be useful in surveillance studies of employees exposed to TMA.
Time spent in hospital by children: trends in the Oxford Record Linkage Study area.
Routine statistics of hospital care are conventionally based on episodes of care. Thus, whilst statistics on lengths of stay per episode of hospital care are readily available, information is not routinely collected on the total time spent in hospital by individuals who experience several episodes of care. This paper presents data from the Oxford Record Linkage Study which was used to calculate the total length of time spent in hospital by children in each year from 1975-84. The findings of this study provide reassurance that, despite the increase in admission rates in childhood during this period, the total length of time children spend in hospital has generally declined.
Up against an immovable deadline.
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