Toxicology of n-pentane (CAS no. 109-66-0).
n-Pentane (CAS no. 109-6-0) is a hydrocarbon solvent with an estimated production volume of 50000 metric tons in Europe. The present work was carried out to strengthen the toxicological information available for regulatory decision-making, particularly product classification, occupational exposure limits and risk assessment. The work described in this report was sponsored either by the Pentane Special Interest Group under the auspices of the Hydrocarbon Solvent Producers Association of CEFIC (European Chemical Industry Council) or by Exxon Chemical Europe. The following results were obtained: n-pentane was not acutely toxic by oral or inhalation routes, it was not a skin or eye irritant and did not induce skin sensitization. It did not exhibit cumulative toxicity at levels up to 20000 mg m(-3), which is approximately one-half of the lower explosive limit and the highest level considered safe to test. It did not induce developmental toxicity and was not mutagenic. From this and other existing information, it is concluded that n-pentane does not require classification for potential toxic hazards (as defined by Annex VI of the EU Dangerous Substance Directive, 1993), although the physical properties indicate that it would be appropriate to warn for the potential for aspiration. Further, there is no reason to reduce the current occupational exposure recommendations. Finally, although there are some safety issues relating to the flammability of n-pentane, the absence of any demonstrable toxicity at high treatment levels indicates that the risk of adverse health effects is minimal for all segments of the population.