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Biomedical subjects

J Hayes

Publications and source records attributed to J Hayes.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Vascular access options for outpatient cancer therapy.

Knowledge of the abilities and limitations of various access devices can help the surgeon decide which is best matched to an individual cancer patient receiving outpatient therapy. Implanted ports have become the mainstay of long-term treatment. Hickman catheters are useful for long-term nutritional support and pain control when parenteral narcotics are required. Long-arm catheters and central venous catheters can be utilized for short-term therapy. Proper utilization of the various vascular access devices can optimize patient care in a cost-effective manner.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1987

Malassezia furfur skin colonization of infants hospitalized in intensive care units.

We studied the prevalence of Malassezia furfur skin colonization of infants hospitalized in our neonatal and infant cardiac and surgical intensive care units by culturing at monthly intervals. Of 361 infants studied over 1 year, 133 (36.8%) had at least one positive culture for M. furfur. Colonized infants, compared with noncolonized infants, had younger mean gestational age (32.4 vs 35.2 weeks, P less than 0.01), lower mean birth weight (1.76 vs 2.31 kg, P less than 0.01), a longer stay in hospital (Wilcoxon P less than 0.01), and more mean days use of an incubator (12.7 vs 7.6 days, P less than 0.01), lamb wool (12.9 vs 8.2 days, P less than 0.01), paper tape (10.8 vs 8.2 days, P less than 0.01), and Op-Site tape (14.1 vs 10.1 days, P less than 0.01). These data suggest that hospitalization in an infant intensive care unit often leads to M. furfur colonization. Although frequent adult handling may be a source, other aspects of intensive care will require careful scrutiny to define more completely the risk factors leading to M. furfur colonization of ill infants.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1987

Management of renal arterial disease in the elderly patient.

From 1979 until 1984, 70 elderly (greater than or equal to 65 years of age) patients with atherosclerotic renal arterial disease underwent surgical revascularization (SR, N = 46) or percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA, N = 24). After SR, there were no operative deaths and seven major complications. After PTRA, there were six major complications, including two deaths. The clinical success rate with SR was better than with PTRA both in terms of amelioration of hypertension (100.0 versus 27.3 per cent) and preservation of renal function (85.0 versus 68.4 per cent). SR can be done safely and is the most effective treatment for elderly patients with renal artery disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Newly incriminated anopheline vectors of human malaria parasites in Junin Department, Peru.

Sporozoite data from salivary gland dissections are presented that clearly incriminate Anopheles trinkae, An. pseudopunctipennis, An. sp. near fluminensis, An. oswaldoi, An. nuneztovari and An. rangeli as vectors of malaria parasites in the Rio Ene Valley, a hyperendemic malarious area in Junin Department, eastern Peru. Anopheles trinkae is considered the most important vector based on dissections, abundance and man-vector contact. Other notes are presented on the relative abundance, bionomics and previous records of these species in Peru and in the study sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Oviposition and biting patterns of Aedes triseriatus in the flood plains of Fort Bend County, Texas.

Aedes triseriatus deposited eggs at all tree heights between ground level and 3.7 meters, from June through early August, 1985, in a flood plain area of Fort Bend County, TX. Percentage of eggs decreased with increasing oviposition heights and greater preferences were found for ground level and 1.2 meters. More eggs were deposited at all heights in June than in July and August. Weekly biting activity of the mosquito was recorded for a 24-hour period throughout the study. Biting occurred during the day with early morning and late afternoon peaks and continued into the crepuscular period.

Aedes↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of trilateral retinoblastoma with vincristine and cyclophosphamide.

Current therapy for patients with trilateral retinoblastoma, consisting primarily of surgical intervention and radiotherapy, has resulted in no long-term survivors. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy has not improved this outcome. After observing a tumor response to cyclophosphamide in a patient with suprasellar retinoblastoma, we treated a subsequent patient with trilateral retinoblastoma with both vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Objective tumor regression resulted. Although the tumor ultimately progressed in both patients, these findings suggest that vincristine and cyclophosphamide are active in patients with intracranial (trilateral) retinoblastoma.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1986

Multiple organ donation: its impact on the recovery of cadaver kidneys.

Cyclosporin A not only has improved renal allograft survival but it also has caused a renewed interest in cardiac and hepatic transplantation. The South Texas Organ Bank was sensitive to the need for multiple organ donors and also concerned that the recovery of multiple organs could have a negative impact on the quantity or quality of kidneys recovered. From July 1983 through March 1985 cadaveric kidneys were obtained from 43 renal donors and multiple vital organs were obtained from 11 additional donors. There was no statistical difference between the renal and multiple organ donors in the incidence of renal contamination, post-transplant acute renal failure or renal discard rate (p greater than 0.3 in each comparison). No donor family rescinded permission for renal donation because other vital organs were requested. Urologists involved in cadaveric renal recovery are encouraged to view every cadaver donor as a potential multiple organ donor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A rubella outbreak among dental students: description of the outbreak and analysis of control measures.

From February to April 1982, rubella was diagnosed in 17 Washington University dental students. The affected students represented 4.8% of all dental students and 21% of susceptible students. Because a high likelihood of rubella transmission was perceived, three adjacent university hospitals undertook an emergency program to ensure immunity to rubella in all personnel. The program reached 84.6% of all target personnel, but only 36% of physicians (p less than 0.001). We estimated that the program increased the level of rubella immunity from 92.2% to 98.1%, at a total cost of $140,274 of which $29,990 was in excess of ordinary expenditures. Our experience indicates that schools training health professionals face the possibility of rubella outbreaks unless they ensure rubella immunity in all students. The experience also supports the value of ongoing programs to ensure rubella immunity in hospital personnel. Without such programs, hospitals may be forced to undertake emergency programs that are likely to be disruptive and expensive and may have relatively little immediate measurable impact.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

The pathogenesis of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in gnotobiotic piglets.

Yersinia enterocolitica is an important cause of enteritis and mesenteric adenitis in many countries. However the pathogenesis of the disease caused by this organism has not been fully elucidated. Most isolates from clinical material possess two independent properties associated with virulence whose relative contribution to the development of disease is not known. These are the ability to penetrate the intestinal wall, which is thought to be controlled by a plasmid gene, and the production of heat-stable enterotoxin, which is controlled by a chromosomal gene. In this study, we infected neonatal gnotobiotic piglets with strains of Y. enterocolitica expressing these two properties in various combinations. The suitability of the piglet model was shown in experiments in which piglets fed virulent Y. enterocolitica serogroup O3 developed a clinical illness related to the size of the inoculum, which was accompanied by intestinal lesions similar to those reported in naturally and experimentally infected people and animals. The results confirmed the key role of a 47 X 10(6)-mol. wt plasmid in the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica, but suggested that penetration of the intestinal wall may be governed by chromosomal rather than plasmid-borne genes. No role for enterotoxin in the pathogenesis of yersiniosis was shown, although there was evidence that enterotoxin may promote intra-intestinal proliferation of Y. enterocolitica, thus favouring increased shedding of bacteria and encouraging their spread between hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli enteritis: evaluation of the gnotobiotic piglet as a model of human infection.

The pathogenicity of classical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human origin was investigated in gnotobiotic piglets. One to two day old piglets in groups of four were infected perorally with approximately 10(8) colony forming units of one of eight enteropathogenic E coli strains or a non-pathogenic control strain. Animals were necropsied 24 or 48 hours after infection and their intestines were subjected to histological examination, quantitative bacterial culture and estimation of lactase activity. Four enteropathogenic E coli strains caused mild to moderate diarrhoea in nine of the 16 piglets inoculated with them. Piglets given two of these strains later became moribund. One enteropathogenic E coli strain caused a severe illness unaccompanied by diarrhoea. Inflammation of the intestinal mucosa occurred with all eight enteropathogenic E coli strains, but not with the control strain. Pathological changes were most pronounced in the distal ileum and colon and adherent bacteria were seen on the surface of the inflamed mucosa. The extent of the inflammatory response in infected piglets for the most part paralleled the severity of the clinical signs, the degree of bacterial colonisation and the reduction in lactase activity. Electron microscopic examination of tissue from piglets infected with three different strains showed that bacterial adherence to the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells was accompanied by distinctive ultrastructural changes. These included degeneration of the microvillous brush border, together with cupping and pedestal formation of the plasma membrane at sites of bacterial attachment. The same changes have been seen in naturally occurring enteropathogenic E coli diarrhoea in humans and rabbits. The combined clinical and pathological findings indicate that the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet is a suitable model of infection with enteropathogenic E coli.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Timolol inhibits corneal epithelial wound healing in rabbits and monkeys.

To determine the effect of timolol maleate on corneal epithelial wound closure, 6.4-mm (diameter) epithelial defects were created chemically in five experiments. In rabbits, wound closure was not significantly altered by the administration of 0.5% Timoptic (a commercially prepared timolol maleate solution) every eight hours, but it was inhibited during the first 15 hours of healing when a 4% solution was applied every two hours. Monkeys received a 5% solution every 12 hours and were divided into treated and control groups. Two phases of wound healing were apparent: a rapid initial phase and a slower final phase. Wound closure was inhibited in treated eyes during the initial rapid phase. This experiment repeated on the same monkeys, but with the control and treated animals switched, yielded the same result. Another experiment, with the fellow eye of the monkey used as a control, showed no significant difference in wound closure.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Attachment of E. coli-bearing K88 antigen to equine brush-border membranes.

Equine small intestinal brush-border membranes, from 40 adult horses were tested in vitro for the presence of receptors for the Escherichia coli adhesive antigens K88ab, K88ac and K99. Only K88-positive strains of E. coli adhered strongly to horse brush-border membranes. In contrast, a K88-negative mutant strain J2, 2 K99-positive strains and 3 E. coli strains isolated from foals failed to adhere to horse brush-border membranes. Purified K88ac pili when reacted with equine brush-border membranes inhibited to a great extent the adhesion of K88-positive E. coli. Similarly, K88-positive E. coli previously reacted with K88 antibody, did not attach to equine brush-border membranes. Oral inoculation of 4 newborn foals with strains of K88-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli, producing either heat-stable or heat-labile enterotoxin, caused diarrhoea in 1 animal.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1984

Streptococcus durans: an unexpected enteropathogen of foals.

Streptococcus durans was isolated from a foal with profuse watery diarrhea and caused a similar syndrome when inoculated into foals via the orogastric route. The most consistent and striking histological feature was the extensive colonization of the mucosal surface of the small intestine by S. durans. Associated mucosal changes were mild to modeate, and brush border lactase and alkaline phosphatase production were depressed. S. durans also induced acute diarrhea in young gnotobiotic piglets. Mucosal changes were mild and, as with foals, the mucosal surface of the small intestine was colonized by the organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Colitis in sheep due to a Campylobacter-like bacterium.

Epidemic diarrhoea was observed in approximately 2,000 of 6,700 sheep on 9 farms. The disease, called weaner colitis, caused mortality of 1%, while morbidity varied from 20 to 75%. Colon contents from affected sheep were inoculated into 17 sheep, 13 of which developed diarrhoea 5 to 7 days after inoculation. Naturally and experimentally infected sheep had mild, erosive typhlitis and colitis. Microscopic examination of washed scrapings of colonic mucosa from all affected sheep revealed masses of curved bacteria that were not seen in controls. Electron microscopic examination showed similar bacteria adherent to colonic epithelium of an experimentally infected sheep. Curved, motile bacteria were isolated from 2 naturally occurring cases. One isolate was inoculated into 9 sheep, 2 of which developed diarrhoea. The other isolate was given to 4 sheep without observable effect. The curved bacteria grew only on media containing blood, in an atmosphere of approximately 10% air, 10% CO2 and 80% H2. They were Gram-negative, with a polar flagellum at one or both ends, they did not ferment glucose or give a positive catalase reaction. It is suggested that these bacteria are a new Campylobacter species and that they play a major role in the aetiology of weaner colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Evidence for B cell activation in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and in some cases synovial eluate cells from 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), were analysed for the percentages of cells bearing surface light chains (total B cells), IgM and IgD. In addition, their capacity to form rosettes with mouse erythrocytes (mRFC)--a property of a B cell subpopulation--was determined. Activity of the disease was assessed by clinical and laboratory criteria and classified as very active, moderately active and inactive. Normal, age and sex matched individuals and a group of patients with a variety of other rheumatological disorders, were used as control populations. Although there was no significant difference in percentages of total B cells in any of the groups compared with normal controls, there was a small but significant increase in the ratio of cells bearing IgM to those bearing IgD in patients with very active disease. This was paralleled by a significant decrease in the mRFC in this disease activity group. Patients with inactive disease showed no change in their proportions of IgM:IgD, but did show a significant increase in mRFC. These results are discussed in terms of the presence of activated B cells in patients with very active RA.

Adult↗