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Biomedical subjects

J Hayashi

Publications and source records attributed to J Hayashi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Febrile episodes in elderly inpatients--a one year survey to determine the causes of fever in hospital].

To determine the cause of nosocomial infections, all febrile episodes of hospitalized elderly patients aged 65 and older at a hospital in Fukuoka City were categorized between April 15 1994 and April 14 1995. A febrile episode was a temperature above 37.5 degrees C after 7 consecutive days of normal body temperature (below 37.5 degrees C). Various clinical tests including blood examination, urinalysis, chest radiography and bacterial culture were done on the first and 7th day of the fever. A total of 1105 episodes in 443 patients (male 136, female 307) fulfilled this criteria for fever. The fevers were mainly due to respiratory tract (381 cases, 34.5%) and urinary tract infections (263 cases, 23.8%). There were 135 infections (12.2%) of other kinds and 297 cases (26.9%) that were classified as unknown. Approximately 70% of the febrile episodes were caused nosocomial infections, suggesting increased risk of infection in the hospitalized elderly and the importance of early detection of febrile changes in elderly inpatients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

[Impact of influenza epidemics and efficacy of vaccination among geriatric inpatients].

To determine the impact of influenza epidemics among geriatric inpatients and to monitor the clinical efficacy of influenza vaccination, the influenza infection rate in non-vaccinated inpatients was determined serologically and the incidence of febrile episodes and death were compared between the vaccinees and non-vaccinees hospitalized in the referred hospital from January through September, 1995. Three influenza subtypes, influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B, were endemic simultaneously from January to March in 1995. The pattern of incidence of febrile episodes varied for each ward. A total of 123 non-vaccinated inpatients were tested for elevation of serum hemagglutination inhibition titer to the three subtypes of influenza virus. Of these, 58 (47.2%) patients were infected with at least one of the influenza viruses during the epidemic of 1995. No patient with pre-existing HI titer over 128X was infected with any of three types of influenza, indicating that HI titer over 128X is the protective level. The febrile episode frequency was significantly higher in the non-vaccinees than in the vaccinees (49.6% vs. 32.6%), but it was quite comparable in the two groups after the influenza epidemic (34.9% vs. 35.8%). The number of observed deaths from January to September of 1995 was 4 (4.9%) in the vaccinee group and 12 (9.8%) in the non-vaccinee group. These results suggest that influenza epidemics have a striking impact on geriatric inpatients and that influenza vaccination has significant efficacy for the reduction of harmful events associated with influenza infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[A case of report--interferon therapy is useful for chronic hepatitis C with human immunodeficiency virus infection].

A 42-year-old male type A hemophiliae who been using coagulates since 1971 was diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive in 1993. Medical history included liver disfunction in 1987, with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) diagnosed in 1989. He was admitted to the hospital in October, 1994 because of general fatigue. Serum transaminase was elevated, CD4 was 221/micro L, and CD8 was 990. CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.2. HCV was of genotype 2b and 10(6) copies/50 microL, 8 week-Interferon (IFN)-beta treatment was started. HCV RNA was eliminated by week 8 and was sustained for one year with no severe side effects. With careful patient screening, IFN therapy for CHC with HIV may be an effective treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Antibody response to a single injection of influenza vaccine among geriatric inpatients vaccinated annually].

To determine the efficacy of a single influenza vaccine administration in the elderly receiving annual influenza vaccination, antibody response to influenza vaccine was compared between once and twice injections in a geriatric cohort. Influenza vaccination had been done for 69 inpatients in the year prior to the study, and was administered twice for 34 of them and once for the other 35 during the study period. Influenza vaccine was injected twice to 77 inpatients who had not received influenza vaccine in the year prior to the study. Hemoagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer for influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B was measured before vaccination, after the first vaccination, after the second vaccination, and after the epidemic period, September 1995 to April 1996. HI antibody titer prior to vaccination was significantly higher in the patients who had received influenza vaccination the previous year. The influenza vaccine induced an increase in HI titer in almost all subjects, and the geometric mean of the HI titer after vaccination in the patients who received vaccine once was comparable to that of the patients injected vaccine twice. The number of patients with HI titers of over 128x increased, and the frequency ranged from 60.0% to 97.1% for the influenza viruses of the three subtypes. The frequency of HI titers over 128x was not significantly different among the three groups. The second vaccination did not increase the number of patients with HI titers over 128x when compared with the number after the first injection in the patients who had received influenza vaccine the previous year. These results suggest that prior vaccination does not diminish the antibody response to influenza vaccine in the elderly. The efficacy of a single influenza vaccination is comparable to that achieved by twice injections in the elderly receiving annual influenza vaccination.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Long-term supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid salvages cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in rats fed with fish-oil-deprived diet.

Dietary supplementation of fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA) has been shown to exert protective effects on ischemic/reperfused hearts. We determined whether deprivation of fish oil from the diet paradoxically enhances susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury and whether supplementation with either EPA or DHA overcomes such alterations. Rats were fed with fish-oil-rich (FOR) diet, fish-oil-deprived (FOD) diet alone, FOD diet with EPA (1 g/kg/day), or FOD diet with DHA (1 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks. The FOD diet reduced n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and increased n-6 PUFAs such as linoleic (C18:2) and arachidonic acids (C20:4) in myocardial phospholipids. EPA or DHA supplementation increased its incorporation into phospholipid pools. Cardiomyocytes isolated by treatment with collagenase were subjected to 150 min of hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation for 15 min. In the FOD diet group, the number of surviving rod-shaped cells after hypoxia and reoxygenation was smaller than that of the FOR group. Supplementation with EPA did not affect the number of rod-shaped cells, but attenuated reoxygenation-induced reduction in the number of square-shaped cells. In contrast, DHA supplementation did not afford any protection. The results suggest that deprivation of fish oil from dietary intake enhances the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to hypoxic injury, and EPA, but not DHA, is capable of salvaging cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Genotypic characterization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from periodontitis patients by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is one of the most suspected pathogens in the initiation and progression of juvenile periodontitis and severe adult periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genotypic characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans using arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). AP-PCR was applied to 143 A. actinomycetemcomitans strains, including 8 reference strains and 135 clinical strains isolated from 43 unrelated Japanese periodontitis patients. The DNA fragment patterns obtained using a single 10-mer primer with random sequence (OPA-07) for these strains allowed the recognition of 10 distinct AP-PCR groups that correlated to some extent with serotypes. AP-PCR group VIII was significantly (P < 0.05) observed in deep (> 5 mm) periodontal pockets. Group II was exclusively detected in deep pockets. However, a clear relationship was not observed between AP-PCR genotypes and various periodontal status. Only one genotype was found within individual oral cavity/single-infected site, except one case in which the patient harbored two AP-PCR genotypes. The AP-PCR patterns of the A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates recovered from the site after periodontal treatment remained identical. These results demonstrate genetic diversity among the investigated population and a clonal nature in a periodontal patient of A. actinomycetemcomitans by AP-PCR. Furthermore, it could be inferred that a certain AP-PCR genotype(s) of A. actinomycetemcomitans is more important in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan measurement and polymerase chain reaction on sputum as practical parameters in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

We report a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosed and monitored with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Pneumocystis carinii on sputum and measurement of plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan (G-test). Results of both studies paralleled the clinical and radiographic improvement. However, the plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan level remained higher than normal when PCR for Pneumocystis carinii became negative in sputum. Both PCR for Pneumocystis carinii on sputum and measurement of plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan are useful for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of Pneumocystis carinii, although further investigation is necessary to quantify their relationship.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

The elimination of hepatitis B virus infection: changing seroepidemiology of hepatitis A and B virus infection in Okinawa, Japan over a 26-year period.

Serial changes in hepatitis A virus (HAV) and B virus (HBV) markers were determined from 1970 to 1996 in healthy Japanese residents of a rural area of Okinawa, Japan. All 190 serum samples taken in 1970, 791 in 1980, 708 in 1988, and 523 in 1996 from residents 0 to more than 60 years of age were tested for antibody to HAV (anti-HAV), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The age-adjusted prevalences of anti-HAV and anti-HBc decreased significantly from 83.9% and 74.9%, respectively, in 1970 to 39.7% and 36.6%, respectively, in 1996. In residents < or = 29 years of age, the prevalences of anti-HAV and anti-HBc decreased significantly from 65.3% and 83.8%, respectively, in 1970 to 0.7% and 8.2%, respectively, in 1996. The age-adjusted HBsAg prevalence decreased significantly from 8.2% in 1980 to 4.1% in 1988. These results indicate that exposure to HAV and HBV infections among Okinawa residents less than 29 years of age is decreasing, probably because of improvements in socioeconomic conditions since 1970. Infection with HBV may be eliminated there in the near future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of interferon therapy on heart rate and sympathetic nervous system.

We investigated the hypothesis that interferon-induced hyperadrenergic state causes cardiovascular events. Thirteen patients with chronic hepatitis C who were scheduled to undergo interferon therapy were randomly selected for this study. Heart rate was monitored and urinary levels of catecholamines were measured before, on the 1st day, and after 1 week and 4 weeks of treatment. On the 1st day, 24-hr average heart rate and hourly average heart rate were significantly higher than those before treatment, although they returned to baseline levels after 1 week and 4 weeks. However, urinary levels of cathecholamines did not change significantly on the 1st day of interferon therapy. Although the direct evidence that interferon stimulates sympathetic nervous system could not be obtained, interferon elicited tachycardic response and may have increased the risk of arrhythmias of the 1st day of the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Results of surgical treatment in patients with T3 non-small cell lung cancer].

To investigate the prognosis of pathological proven T3N0-1M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 73 patients who underwent pulmonary resection between 1975 and 1993 were reviewed. The 5-year survival rate for all patients was 46.3%. The subject included chest wall invasion in 34 (parietal pleura 17, intercostal muscle or ribs 17), invasion to another lobe in 30, main bronchus involvement less than 2 cm distal to the carina in 12, invasion to pericardium in 6 and invasion to diaphragm in 3. The 5-year survival rates was as follows: chest wall invasion 46.7%, invasion to another lobe 51.7%, main bronchus involvement 41.7%, invasion to pericardium and diaphragm 33.3% respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 58.8% when invasion was limited within parietal pleura, whereas 35.3% when invasion extended outside intercostal muscle. Patients invaded within parietal pleura had better prognosis than that of outside intercostal muscle. In conclusion, good outcome would be expected in patients with T3N0-1M0 non-small cell lung cancer when the invasion limited within parietal pleura.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Syncope in a 65-year-old woman after nitrate ingestion.

A 65-year-old woman with angina pectoris presented with syncope after sublingual ingestion of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg). Her response to a postural challenge test, without medication, was normal. In a postural challenge test after administration of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg), blood pressure decreased from 120/67 to 65/35 mmHg, followed by syncope with a sudden decrease in pulse rate from 85 to 60 beats/min. No evidence of myocardial infarction was detected. Elderly patients for whom nitrate has been prescribed should be warned of the occurrence of hypotension, leading to unconsciousness.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1997

Isolation and characterization of mitochondrial DNA-less lines from various mammalian cell lines by application of an anticancer drug, ditercalinium.

Since ethidium bromide was not effective in mouse cell lines for isolating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-less cells (rho zero cells), we examined whether an anticancer drug, ditercalinium (DC), which has been shown to exclude mtDNA from mouse cell lines, could be effective in various mouse and human cell lines. We found that after DC treatment rho zero cells could be isolated from all cell lines of mouse or human origin tested. Moreover, these rho zero cells maintained ability to receive exogenously imported mtDNA and allow its replication and gene expression. These observations suggest that DC eliminates mtDNA from mouse and human cells without affecting the property to receive exogenous mtDNA. Therefore, DC could be applicable to cell lines expressing various differentiated phenotypes for studying whether mtDNA plays a significant role in expression of phenotypes by manipulating mtDNA elimination and reintroduction.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of Lnk. An adaptor protein expressed in lymphocytes.

Stimulation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) activates a set of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases that assist in delivering signals to the cell interior. Among the presumed substrates for these kinases, adaptor proteins, which juxtapose effector enzyme systems with the antigen receptor complex, figure prominently. Previous studies suggested that Lnk, a 38-kDa protein consisting of a single SH2 domain and a region containing potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites, might serve to join Grb2, phospholipase C-gamma1, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the TCR. To elucidate the physiological roles of Lnk in T cell signal transduction, we isolated the mouse Lnk cDNA, characterized the structure of the mouse Lnk gene, and generated transgenic mice that overproduce Lnk in thymocytes. Here we report that although Lnk becomes phosphorylated during T cell activation, it plays no limiting role in the TCR signaling process. Moreover, we have distinguished p38(Lnk) from the more prominent 36-kDa tyrosine phosphoproteins that appear in activated T cells. Together these studies suggest that Lnk participates in signaling from receptors other than antigen receptors in lymphocytes.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed1997

Change in chemical composition of lipids accumulated in atheromas of rabbits following photodynamic therapy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6) has been used in the photodynamic therapy of neoplasms. This substance has been shown to accumulate in atheroma of rabbits. We evaluated the change in the lipid components of atheromas after photodynamic therapy with NPe6 using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rabbits were fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 20 weeks. Six hours after they were administered NPe6 (2 mg/kg), the atheroma present on the abdominal aorta was irradiated with a diode laser with 100 J/cm2 or 200 J/ cm2 of the tissue fluence. Tissue samples were prepared for FTIR and histological analysis. RESULTS: Specimens of atheroma from the untreated animals appeared as fatty streaks whose infrared spectra exhibited characteristic peaks at 1,738(-1) cm-1, 1,468 cm-1, 1,380 cm-1, and 1,174 cm-1, indicating the accumulation of cholesterol ester. Seven days after photodynamic therapy, FTIR microspectroscopic analysis showed a marked decrease in the peak intensity in the treated atheroma related to the =C=O ester bond at 1738 cm-1 with no concomitant increase in the intensity of the peaks related to free cholesterol. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest a dissociation of ester bonds and the depletion of cholesterol esters in the atheromas after photodynamic therapy with NPe6. The lipids accumulated in the atheroma were perhaps decreased or destroyed following such treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Hepatitis C viral quasispecies and liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

To clarify the virological differences in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with and without liver damage, we assessed HCV markers in 306 patients from a rural area of Japan. Genotypes of HCV RNA were determined by polymerase chain reaction, and levels of RNA were determined by branched DNA signal-amplification assay. All patients had undergone annual tests for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels from 1986 to 1995. Patients were categorized into three groups: group A, 121 patients (39.5%) with normal ALT levels on all occasions for 10 years; group B, 127 patients (41.5%) with intermittently abnormal ALT levels; and group C, 58 patients (19.0%) with consistently abnormal ALT levels. There were no significant differences in serum RNA levels or distribution of genotypes among the three groups. We selected 10 patients from group A with normal ALT levels and 10 from group C with abnormal levels for sequence analysis of the HCV core region (nt 169-378) of five clones from each patient. More mutations were found in the 50 clones from the 10 patients from group C than in the 10 patients from group A. In group A, all mutations were synonymous so that the deduced amino acid sequences were identical among clones from each patient, whereas in group C 16 of 57 mutations were nonsynonymous so that the deduced amino acid sequences showed differences in the five clones of eight of 10 patients. In conclusion, the HCV core region was highly conserved in patients with normal liver biochemical test results but not in those with abnormal results. Our results suggest that abnormal liver biochemical test results in patients with chronic HCV infection may be associated with high degrees of virus quasispecies diversity.

Aged↗