[Application of recombinant human erythropoietin on cardiac surgery].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
J Hayashi
Publications and source records attributed to J Hayashi.
[Late postoperative left ventricular function and ventricular hypertrophy after prosthetic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation].
Forty-two of 50 patients, who had undergone aortic valve replacement for acquired aortic regurgitation from Jan 1979 to Dec 1985, received late postoperative cardiac catheterization two years after operation. Their ages ranged between 10 and 69 years old (mean +/- S.D., 45.8 +/- 12.2 y.o.) and 37 men and 13 women were included. Postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV) and left ventricular mass (LVM) decreased significantly compared to preoperative levels, respectively (p less than 0.001). Both postoperative left ventricular end-systolic stress/end-systolic volume ratio (LVESS/ESVI) and tension volume ejection fraction (TVEF) increased significantly (p less than 0.01) compared to preoperative levels. Positive correlations were recognized between preoperative and postoperative values in LVESV, LVM, LVESS/ESVI, TVEF and LVEF. In the patients who had showed preoperative values of LVEDVI less than 180 ml/m2, LVESVI less than 90 ml/m2 and LVEF more than 0.52, their postoperative values were expected to be normal. There were also negative correlations between LVESVI and LVEF, and between LVM and contractile properties. Nineteen patients, who had recovered normal ventricular volumes at the time of postoperative cardiac catheterization, showed normal LV dimensions and % fractional shortening between five and ten years after operation. These results demonstrate the limitation of recovery in LVM and contractile properties in spite of normalization in ventricular volume and ejection performance.
Adolescent↗
[Epidemiology of the hepatitis C virus].
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Hepatitis C↗
[A case report of aortic wall reconstruction utilizing heparin-coated temporary bypass tube and roller pump system].
A 51-year-old man with stage IIIB (T4N2M0) adenocarcinoma of the lung underwent left pneumonectomy and aortic wall resection. In this operation a heparin-coated tube and roller pump system were used. Advantages of a heparin-coated tube and roller pump system for temporary bypass are as follows. 1) simple operative procedure. 2) controllable bypass flow. 3) no need for anticoagulants.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Effect of various sampling condition on the measurement of circulating TSH and free thyroxine].
We report here the effect of various sampling and storage condition on the measurement of circulating TSH and free thyroxine (FT4). Blood samples were obtained from five normal subjects using four kinds of sampling tubes; plane glass tube, glass tube containing serum separator, and glass tube containing EDTA-2Na or heparin-sodium. We stored whole blood, serum or plasma at low temperature (4-8 degrees C) or at room temperature (20-25 degrees C) from one hour to thirteen days. Both values of EDTA-plasma TSH and FT4 were significantly lower than those of serum samples, EDTA-plasma TSH value was increased gradually during storage at room temperature but not at low temperature. Serum or plasma FT4 values were decreased during storage at room temperature but not at low temperature. In conclusion, circulating TSH and FT4 values are influenced by different sampling tubes and, serum or plasma TSH and FT4 are not always stable under the storage condition at room temperature. Serum samples obtained by using plane glass tube and kept at low temperature give us more reliable values of TSH and FT4.
Adult↗
Introduction of disease-related mitochondrial DNA deletions into HeLa cells lacking mitochondrial DNA results in mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mutant mitochondrial DNA with large-scale deletions (delta-mtDNA) has been frequently observed in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), a subgroup of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. To exclude involvement of the nuclear genome in expression of the mitochondrial dysfunction characteristic of CPEO, we introduced the mtDNA of a CPEO patient into clonal mtDNA-less HeLa cells and isolated cybrid clones. Quantitation of delta-mtDNA in the cybrids revealed that delta-mtDNA was selectively propagated with higher levels of delta-mtDNA correlating with slower cellular growth rate. In these cybrid clones, translational complementation of the missing tRNAs occurred only when delta-mtDNA was less than 60% of the total mtDNA, whereas accumulation of delta-mtDNA to greater than 60% resulted in progressive inhibition of overall mitochondrial translation as well as reduction of cytochrome c oxidase activity throughout the organelle population. Because these cybrids shared the same nuclear background as HeLa cells, these results suggest that large-scale deletion mutations of mtDNA alone are sufficient for the mitochondrial dysfunction characteristic of CPEO.
Adolescent↗
Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients.
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients in Japan was examined using sera from 418 patients from six dialysis units in 1989. The authors made use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ortho Diagnostics). Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was detected in 127 patients (30.4%), the frequency varying from 20.0% to 34.9% in different units. The mean prevalence of anti-HCV was 20 times higher than that in blood donors. Anti-HCV positivity was not associated with antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, which was not a surrogate marker for non-A, non-B hepatitis agents in this study. Another striking finding of this study was that 84.3% of the anti-HCV-positive patients had normal liver function. Anti-HCV positivity correlated positively with the number of blood transfusions and increased with the duration of hemodialysis; however, it was 22.1% even in 113 patients never given blood transfusion. Acquisition of hepatitis C virus by dialysis patients is, therefore, not only through blood transfusions but also because of hepatitis C virus present within the unit itself. Liver dysfunction in the anti-HCV-positive patients was rare.
Adolescent↗
Sympathetic inhibition and attenuation of spontaneous hypertension by PVN lesions in rats.
To determine whether the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we compared cardiovascular responses to ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium or vasopressin antagonism with dPVAVP in sham-operated or PVN lesioned SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Lesions were produced electrolytically when the rats were 5 weeks old. During the next 3 weeks, tail-cuff measurements showed that the development of hypertension in SHR was inhibited, while systolic pressure in WKY was unaffected. Mean pressures recorded directly from the femoral artery at 8 weeks of age were lower in lesioned than in sham-operated SHR (141 +/- 5 vs 110 +/- 3 mm Hg, P less than 0.05), but did not differ in corresponding WKY groups (110 +/- 4 vs 112 +/- 5 mm Hg). Depressor responses to ganglionic blockade induced by i.v. injection of hexamethonium (25 mg/kg) were significantly larger in sham-operated than in lesioned SHR (-41 +/- 4% vs -28 +/- 3%, P less than 0.05). By contrast, vasopressin antagonism with dPVAVP did not alter blood pressure in all rat groups. In 24-h urine samples, excretion of vasopressin was unaffected, but that of norepinephrine was significantly reduced in lesioned SHR. These findings suggest that the PVN contributes to the development of spontaneous hypertension by sympathetic activation without increasing vasopressin secretion.
Animals↗
Long term observation of the effect of intradermal hepatitis B vaccination on mentally retarded patients.
Sixty-two patients of two institutions for mentally retarded patients were immunized intradermally with 4 micrograms doses of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine made in Japan, initially at month 0.1 and 6. The three vaccinations induced antibodies in 93.5% (90.9% in those with Down's syndrome (DS), 94.1% in other forms of mental retardation (OMR) of the vaccinees within 9 months after the first injection, and the percentage of geometric mean titers of antibody above 10 mIU/ml was 89.3% (81.8% DS, 84.3% OMR) within 9 months. Within 2 years, the seroconversion rate showed a significantly higher decrease in subjects with DS (54.5%) than in OMR (86.3%), and the percentage of vaccines with above 10 mIU/ml also showed a significantly higher decrease in subjects with DS (36.4%) than in those with OMR (74.5%) (p less than 0.05). In the OMR patients, the antibody response persisted for 2 years, decreased remarkably in the DS patients.
Adult↗
Glycyrrhizin withdrawal followed by human lymphoblastoid interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
Seventeen patients with chronic hepatitis B were treated with a 4-week administration of glycyrrhizin followed by a 4-week treatment with human lymphoblastoid interferon, then followed for 6 months after the end of treatment. All were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and hepatitis B virus-associated DNA polymerase (DNA-p) for at least 6 months before entry. All patients were Japanese and none of them were homosexuals. Eleven patients lost DNA-p activity and 10 of them lost HBeAg. Three of these 10 patients had antibody to HBeAg. In 10 patients who became HBeAg-negative, alanine aminotransferase levels after glycyrrhizin administration were higher and initial DNA-p activities relatively lower than the levels found in seven patients who remained HBeAg-positive. The immunomodulator provided by a short course of glycyrrhizin before administration of human lymphoblastoid interferon may be an effective treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Adult↗
Decrease of hepatitis A and B virus infections in the population of Okinawa, Japan.
In 1988 1282 serum samples were collected from healthy Japanese persons living on Hateruma Island (574 samples) and Iriomote Island (708 samples) in Okinawa, Japan. Serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection [hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were investigated and the findings compared with samples taken in 1980 on Hateruma Island and in 1970 and 1980 on Iriomote Island. The samples collected in 1988 on Iriomote Island were also tested for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and the findings compared with the results of the 1970 and 1980 surveys. The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc was 3.7 and 64.8% for Hateruma Island and 3.8 and 44.9% for Iriomote Island. In both areas the overall prevalence of anti-HBc was lower than in 1980, the decrease being significant for the 10-19 year age group on Hateruma Island and the age groups under 39 years on Iriomote Island. The overall prevalence of anti-HAV had fallen to 50.9%. This remarkable decrease had occurred in children and young adults. These data suggest that Virus A (HAV) and HBV infections have dramatically decreased among children in Okinawa within the past 2 decades.
Adolescent↗
Cost effectiveness of intradermal vs. subcutaneous hepatitis B vaccination for the mentally handicapped.
The currently available hepatitis B vaccine is being under utilized for reasons of cost and availability. To address this problem, we performed a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine trial comparing the currently recommended regimen of 10 micrograms subcutaneously (sc) in months 0, 1 and 6 with a more economical regimen of 2 micrograms intradermally (ID) in months 0, 1, 6. This trial assessed the immunogenicity of both regimens in 95 seronegative mentally handicapped patients. Forty four patients (aged 19-55 years, mean age 29.1 years) were vaccinated subcutaneously with recombinant vaccine and 51 (aged 19-52 years, mean age 28.3 years) were given intradermally. We found no significant difference in seroconversion between the subcutaneous group (93.2%) and the intradermal group (96.1%) 12 months after the first vaccination, but the antibody titres were lower in the intradermal group. We feel therefore that the dose should be increased slightly or further injections should be given. As the cost of intradermal vaccination is considerably lower than when using the subcutaneous route, underprivileged patients in institutions could the more readily be immunized against hepatitis B infection.
Adult↗
Altered noradrenergic projection to hypothalamus via baroreflex in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
To determine whether noradrenergic projections to the posterior hypothalamus via baroreflex are altered in the hypertensive state, the extracellular norepinephrine (NE) content of the posterior hypothalamus was measured in both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) after sinoaortic denervation (SAD) or sham operation. In WKY, blood pressure (BP) and extracellular NE content 24 h after SAD were significantly higher than those of sham-operated rats. Contrarily, SAD did not increase both BP and NE in the posterior hypothalamus of SHR. These results suggest that the noradrenergic pathway via the baroreflex is impaired in SHR. This mechanism may play an important role in the development and maintenance of hypertension in SHR.
Adrenergic Fibers↗
[Evaluation of micro particle enzyme immunoassay technique (MEIA)-IMx for the detection of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen].
The new Micro Particle Enzyme Immunoassay technique (MEIA, IMx HBc, Abbott) has been recently introduced for the detection of the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). To evaluate the feasibility of using the IMx-HBc, we carried out comparison tests with this method and RIA using various sera. Results obtained were as follows: In the test of 813 sera, 427 (52.3%) were positive by both IMx and RIA, two (0.2%) were positive by RIA only, and the remaining 384 (47.3%) were negative by both methods. A good correlation between IMx and RIA was observed with a coincidence rate of 99.8% and a correlation coefficient of 0.969. Examination of diluted sera using IMx revealed that IMx can be used as efficiently was RIA: high anti-HBc titer was found among HBsAg carriers, but not among non HBsAg carriers. Anti-HBc was assayed within 45 minutes by IMx, and the procedure was simple because of the auto analyser used in this method. These results indicate that the sensitivity of IMx is equivalent to that of RIA, and that it is easier to use than RIA.
Adult↗
[Evaluation of micro particle enzyme immunoassay technique (MEIA)-IMx for the detection of IgM class antibody to hepatitis B core antigen].
The new Micro Particle Enzyme Immunoassay technique (MEIA, IMx HBc-M, Abbott) had been recently introduced for the detection of IgM class antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc). To evaluate the feasibility of using the IMx HBc-M, we carried out comparison tests between this method. RIA and EIA using sera from acute hepatitis B and type B chronic liver disease. Results obtained were as follows: In the test of 98 sera from acute hepatitis B patients, 92 (93.9%) were positive for IgM anti-HBc by IMx HBc-M, 96 (98.0%) by RIA and 82 (83.7%) by EIA. The four sera which were positive by RIA, but not by IMx were ones obtained from 5 to 12 month after onset. In the test of 267 sera from B type chronic liver disease patients, 93 (34.8%) were positive by IMx HBc-M, 109 (40.8%) by RIA and 23 (8.6%) by EIA. There was a difference in the positive rate between IMx HBc-M and RIA among type B chronic liver disease: the positive rate was higher in RIA than in IMx HBc-M among type B active chronic hepatitis, but only a little higher in IMx HBc-M than RIA among hepatocellular carcinoma. IgM anti-HBc titer was significantly higher in acute hepatitis type B than in chronic liver disease, and was so even in the phase of HBsAg negative in acute hepatitis. IgM anti-HBc was assayed within 45 minutes by IMx, and the procedure was simple because of the auto analyser used in this method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[An epidemiologic study of anti-HTLV-I (antibody to human T cell lymphotropic virus type I) by category of disease in the Kushima district of Miyazaki prefecture].
HTLV-I seroprevalence in the southern part of Miyazaki prefecture was reported to be high in many seroepidemiological surveys. In order to determine the distribution of antibody to Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (anti-HTLV-I) in the Kushima district of Miyazaki prefecture and evaluate the relation between the HLTV-I carrier and disease, determination of anti-HTLV-I status of patients in a hospital in Kushima City, Miyazaki prefecture was carried out from March to July, 1985. Sera from 542 patients was tested for presence of anti-HTLV-I by particle agglutination (PA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF). Results obtained area as follows 1) Overall prevalence of anti-HTLV-I was 31.2 per cent (169 of 542 individuals). It increased gradually with age and elevated remarkably in the 60-69 age group, showing the highest rate of 39.6 per cent. 2) Prevalence of anti-HTLV-I was 28.6 per cent (65 of 227) in males and 33.0 per cent (104 of 315) in females. A significant difference by sex was not recognized. 3) No significant difference was found in the geographical distribution of anti-HTLV-I, but prevalence in the Toi area was relatively low. 4) Anti-HTLV-I was prevalent in the patients with tuberculosis (46.2 per cent), most of whom had a history of blood transfusion. In this study, the relation between HTLV-I carriers and diseases was not analysed. 5) Seroprevalence of anti-HTLV-I in the patients who had had blood transfusions was significantly higher than that of those who had not had blood transfusions (p less than 0.01).
Adolescent↗
[Evaluation of micro enzyme immunoassay technique (MEIA) for the demonstration of hepatitis B surface antigen].
The new Micro Particle Enzyme Immunoassay technique (MEIA, IMx HBsAg, Abbott) has been recently introduced for the detection of the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The present trial was carried out to determine the feasibility of using the IMx HBsAg with sera and plasma, and for comparison with RIA (Ausria II, Abbott) and RPHA (Reversecell, Megroken). Results obtained were as follows: In the test of 622 sera from inhabitants in Okinawa, 455 (73.1%) using IMx were positive for HBsAg, 454 (73.0%) with RIA, and 330 (53.0%) with RPHA. Five of the 179 tests using plasma from hemodialysis patients were positive for HBsAg with both IMx and RIA. One of these 5 was negative for HBsAg with RPHA. The difference of HBsAg positive rates between IMx and both RIA and RPHA increased with advancing age. Twenty four individuals were followed up from three to ten years and had had it confirmed that HBsAg had become negative in their sera, HBsAg was still positive from one to four years in both IMx and RIA after HBsAg became negative in RPHA. It was noted that HBsAg was assayed within one hour by IMx, and that the procedure was simple because of the autoanalyser equipped for this method. The results indicate that the sensitivity of IMx might be equal to that of RIA more than that of RPHA, and easier to measure than either of the others.
Adolescent↗
Rapid uptake of tyrphostin into A431 human epidermoid cells is followed by delayed inhibition of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity.
Treatment of A431 human epidermoid cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF; 20 nM) results in decreased proliferation. This is associated with blockage of the cells in the S and/or G2 phases of the cell cycle. We found that tyrphostin, a putative tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in the range of 50 to 100 microM, partially reversed the growth-inhibitory and cell cycle changes induced by EGF. By using high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, we found that tyrphostin was readily incorporated into A431 cells, reaching maximal levels within 1 h. Although tyrphostin (50 to 100 microM) had no effect on high-affinity binding of EGF to its receptor in A431 cells for up to 24 h, the compound partially inhibited EGF-stimulated EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. However, this effect was evident only after prolonged treatment of the cells (4 to 24 h) with the drug. When the peak intracellular concentration of tyrphostin occurred (1 h), no inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity was observed. After both 1 and 24 h, tyrphostin was a less effective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity than the potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, which almost completely blocked EGF receptor autophosphorylation. On the basis of our data, we hypothesize that tyrphostin is not a competitive inhibitor of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase in intact cells and that it functions by an indirect mechanism.
Biological Transport↗