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Biomedical subjects

J Hawkins

Publications and source records attributed to J Hawkins.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Metered-dose aerosolized bronchodilators in prehospital care: a feasibility study.

The prehospital use of aerosolized bronchodilators was studied in 50 adult patients with bronchospasm. The specific beta 2-agonist, albuterol, was discharged from a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) into the Inhal-aid reservoir-delivery device. No serious adverse effects were encountered, although a substantial proportion of the patients (36%) had difficulty utilizing the device. Ability to use the system properly correlated with improvement in symptoms; inability to use the device was most clearly related to severity of clinical presentation. It is concluded that the use of aerosolized bronchodilators is feasible in prehospital care and most useful in patients with mild or moderately severe symptoms.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1986

Retrievable Gianturco-coil introducer.

A new delivery system for placement of Gianturco coils has been devised that permits retrieval of the coil if malposition occurs. The delivery system itself consists of a very fine coaxial cannula that will cut the monofilament once the coil is properly placed. It has been successfully used on three patients in whom a total of 48 coils were employed to occlude great vein of Galen aneurysms. The system is applicable for routine coil embolization but has particular application in treating high-flow vascular lesions (arteriovenous fistulas or malformations).

Embolization, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1986

The pathology of pulmonary cryptococcal infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Specimens from premortem pulmonary cytology, transbronchial biopsy, and autopsy were studied in 11 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who developed pulmonary cryptococcal disease. Nine of 11 patients had culture-proved cryptococcal meningitis. Extremely low T-cell helper/suppressor ratios (mean, 0.12) were observed in seven of 11 patients. In six of eight patients, transbronchial biopsy specimens showed a characteristic interstitial pattern with yeasts in the alveolar septae, minimal cellular inflammation, and no well-formed granulomas. On cytologic examination, organisms were present in seven (100%) of seven cell blocks and five (83%) of six smears prepared from the bronchoalveolar lavage, and in five (63%) of eight bronchial brushings. Small, poorly encapsulated yeast forms were sometimes present, requiring mucicarmine and acid mucopolysaccharide stains for confirmation of the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis. Overall, bronchoscopy yielded a diagnosis in seven of eight patients. At autopsy, two of five patients demonstrated an interstitial pattern of infection in all lobes of the lung with marked pleural thickening and giant-cell formation; two other patients showed mixed interstitial and intra-alveolar cryptococcal infiltrates. Nodal and disseminated infection were present in four patients. In patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who have cryptococcal meningitis, pulmonary cryptococcal disease is common and must be distinguished from other opportunistic infections.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Spiral exchange cannula for the occluded drainage catheter.

A technique for exchange of occluded drainage catheters or placement of two guide wires into a target using a spiral exchange cannula is described. A spiral exchange cannula with a preloaded sheath and threads at the distal end is "screwed" into the drainage catheter, and the sheath is advanced over the catheter. This method prevents dislodgment of the drainage catheter and also permits easy catheter exchange when the lumen of the drainage catheter is occluded.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1985

Prospective, randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of netilmicin-clindamycin and tobramycin-clindamycin in the treatment of serious systemic infections.

Fifty-three patients with documented or suspected mixed flora infections were randomly assigned to receive either netilmicin or tobramycin in combination with clindamycin. Data from 36 patients with 43 documented infections yielding 102 clinical isolates were evaluated for efficacy. In the 18 patients receiving netilmicin-clindamycin, 90% of the infections responded favorably and 96% of the pathogens were eliminated. In the 18 patients receiving tobramycin-clindamycin, 81% of the infections resolved and 88.5% of the pathogens were eliminated. Forty-nine patients were included in the safety analysis. The incidence of nephrotoxicity was similar in both groups (netilmicin, 20%; tobramycin, 21%). Auditory toxicity occurred less frequently in the netilmicin-clindamycin group (4.5%) than in the tobramycin-clindamycin group (21.7%). These results demonstrate that both the netilmicin-clindamycin and the tobramycin-clindamycin combinations are comparable in efficacy and in potential for causing nephrotoxicity. In this study, however, netilmicin was considerably less ototoxic than tobramycin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Mammalian bites. Rational approach to management.

When a mammal's bite breaks the skin, aggressive management is indicated to prevent infection and provide for a good cosmetic and functional result. Vigorous irrigation and thorough debridement play a more important role than antibiotics in preventing infection. Whether antibiotics have prophylactic value in this situation remains controversial, but semisynthetic penicillins or cephalosporins may be worth a try in high-risk cases. Suturing may or may not be advisable, depending on cosmetic considerations and risk of infection. Prophylaxis against tetanus is a must, and hepatitis and rabies prophylaxis may also be necessary in selected cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The interferon-induced hyporesponsive state in variant and parental L cells: a requirement for cell division.

L cells grown for 18 to 22 months in the presence of interferon (IFN) retained their sensitivity to the antiviral effect of IFN but were less sensitive to cell growth inhibition by IFN. Moreover, the parental and variant lines became hyporesponsive (i.e. less responsive to virus induction of IFN) with different kinetics after IFN treatment. Experiments using mitomycin C to inhibit cell division suggested that cell division is required to enter the hyporesponsive state.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous placement of Hickman catheters for prolonged venous access.

The Hickman catheter is well established as a safe, reliable means of venous access in a variety of clinical situations. Although the technique for placement by surgical cutdown in the cephalic or external jugular vein is standardized, our experience placing 102 catheters in the last 40 months has led us to evolve and adopt a percutaneous method that we have now applied to almost all catheter placements. Operative time has been dramatically reduced, patient discomfort minimized, and no change in short- or long-term morbidity had been noted. The procedure has been described in detail, and our overall experience with placement of the Hickman catheter in a variety of clinical situations has been reviewed. We now consider this percutaneous technique to be the primary method of Hickman catheter placement unless specifically contraindicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Antischistosomal effects of cyclosporin A.

Administration of cyclosporin A, a new selective immunosuppressive agent, to mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni resulted in a significant reduction in the number of mature and immature male and, to a greater extent, female worms. With lower, subeffective, doses a reduction in hemoglobinase activity and protein content of female schistosomes is produced. Evidence available so far suggests that the antischistosomal effects of cyclosporin A are mediated through a stimulation of host mechanisms directed against the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pediatric speech intelligibility test. I. Generation of test materials.

Normal children between 3 and 7 years of age generated word and sentence messages for use in a new speech intelligibility test. Word materials did not differ as a function of chronological age, vocabulary skills, or receptive language ability. Sentence materials, however, did reflect differences in chronological age, vocabulary skills, and receptive language skills. Older children, approximately 5-10 years, responded with complete, adult-like sentences. Younger children, approximately 3-10 years, responded with either a proform substituted for the noun phrase subject of a sentence or by omitting the auxiliary verb "be" in forming the present progressive verb tense of the sentence. To represent the differences in the children's responses, two different types of test sentences were formed. In one construction, the test sentence is composed of (noun phrase/verb-ing/noun phrase), preceded by the carrier phrase "show me", e.g., "Show me a bear brushing his teeth". In the other construction, the test sentence is composed of (noun phrase/auxiliary verb-ing/noun phrase), e.g., "A bear is brushing his teeth". The two different sentence forms are proposed as a means of equating differences in normal language development among children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Melphalan-induced pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.

Diffuse interstitial fibrosis developed in a patient receiving therapy with melphalan for multiple myeloma. With cessation of the administration of the alkylating agent and corticosteroid, we describe progressive radiographic improvement in this patient, accompanied by persistent severe impairment in gas exchange.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Intrathoracic meningoceles and neurofibromatosis.

We describe here four additional cases of intrathoracic meningoceles associated with neurofibromatosis, bringing the total number of reported cases of thoracic meningoceles to 88. Seventy-five (85%) have been associated with neurofibromatosis. Possibly, both dural and regional vertebral dysplasia are intrinsic to neurofibromatosis and contribute to the development of the meningocele.

Adult↗