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J Hasse

Publications and source records attributed to J Hasse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Removing lung metastases. With surgical success 36% of patients survive 5 years].

Resection of lung metastases can improve the long-term survival of many oncological patients. This can be achieved only by complete resection, which necessitates careful prior staging. With few exceptions (renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of the colon metastasizing to the lungs and liver, chest wall and lung metastases) no extrapulmonary metastases should be present. Solitary round lesions should always be resected, since the prognosis for single lesions is favorable, and the primary may be a bronchial carcinoma, which is often curable. Although overall morbidity and mortality rates are low, the indication for surgical treatment of lung metastases should nevertheless be considered with care.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

[Bronchoscopy and rhythmic disorders. Premedication with atropine-sulfate, as a rule?].

Ikeda has introduced flexible bronchoscopy in the seventies of the last century. Since then the over one hundred year old procedure of direct airways inspection has widely spread and enhanced the diagnostic and therapeutic means. Thus the flexible bronchoscopy has become an important part of modern medicine. The close combination of atropine as premedication with bronchoscopy is justified with the terms "cardioprotection" and reduction of mucus secretion. As there is to this date no controlled study to prove this assumption, with the start of bronchoscopy we controlled every patient with a holter-ecg for 24-hours and estimated semiquantitatively the mucus secretion during procedure by a four point scale. Consecutively 55 patients could be randomised, 25 (7 females, 18 males) in the group with and 30 (7 females, 18 males) without atropine. In the records there were no detectable significant differences between the groups with atropine (A) and without atropine (P), as well as for registered bradycardias (A: 0 vs. P: 0, minimum of heart beats A: 63.8 vs. P: 74.1 min -1) as well as for alterations of heart rhythms, e. g. SVES (A: 7.3 % vs. P: 5.5 %), VES (A: 9.0 % vs. P: 9.0 %) or a combination of SVES with VES (A: 12.7 % vs. P: 10.9 %). The same results could be seen for each single of the first twenty minutes, additionally the first and the second recorded hour and the whole registered 24 hours. Moreover the times needed to complete the bronchoscopy showed no significant difference (mean of t A: 16.8 vs. P: 15.6 min, t-minimum 10 vs. 10 min, t-maximum A: 30 vs. P: 35 min). The same absence of differences was seen in estimated endobronchial mucus secretion (mean A: 1.88 vs. P: 2.0). According to these results of our studied group, there are no reasons, why a premedication with atropine in flexible bronchoscopy in local anaesthesia should be used. Even without the administration of atropine, flexible bronchoscopy could be performed as a safe and sophisticated method in direction of not inducing relevant arrhythmia, with low impact on patients.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2001

Experimental use of an albumin-glutaraldehyde tissue adhesive for sealing pulmonary parenchyma and bronchial anastomoses.

OBJECTIVE: Despite advanced surgical techniques, major complications of bronchial anastomoses and parenchymal repair, including early leak, fistula formation and granulations still occur. The purpose of this study was to test the performance of an albumin-glutaraldehyde tissue adhesive (BioGlue), CryoLife Inc., Kennesaw, GA) as a sealant for bronchial anastomoses and parenchyma lesions. METHODS: Twenty-four sheep were split into two surgical groups. The first group consisted of six control sheep receiving standard sutured bronchial anastomosis with a 4-week end-point. The second group included 18 sheep receiving both a bronchial anastomosis and parenchymal defect repair using the adhesive with 2, 4, and 12 week end-point. Histopathologic evaluation was conducted at the study end-points. RESULTS: Bronchial anastomosis and parenchymal tissue repair can be sealed successfully against air leakage with adhesive. Macroscopic evaluation revealed a tight closure of the anastomosis and parenchyma defect in all postoperative stages, initially by the adhesive layer, and later by connective tissue. On microscopic examination, an inflammatory tissue response consisting of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages, granulation tissue and foreign body giant cells were found surrounding the glued area after 2 weeks. After 4 weeks the tissue response presented a granulomatous character. No granulomatous or foreign body reaction was present in the hand sutured group. After 12 weeks few remnants of adhesive surrounded by fibrous scar tissue were detectable in bronchial anastomosis and parenchymal repair. Healing was not considerably complicated by foreign body reaction or tissue granulation. CONCLUSION: This study supports BioGlue to be effective as an adjunct in sealing bronchial anastomosis and lung parenchyma defects in sheep, with minimal secondary healing disruptions such as granuloma formation. The results of this study indicate that the use of BioGlue in human pulmonary surgery should be effective.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2001

Results in surgery for primary and metastatic chest wall tumors.

OBJECTIVES: Resection of chest wall tumors is often indicated for palliation from pain or chronic ulceration. However, under various conditions, it may lead to lasting tumor control and substantial freedom of disease might be achieved. Therefore, the long-term survival after chest wall resection for primary and metastatic tumors and its relation to the underlying histology was analyzed. METHODS: The medical files of 82 consecutive patients with tumors of the chest wall operated between 1 January 1989 and 31 October 1998 were reviewed. Follow-up data were collected from the outpatient's clinic and house physicians, respectively. Complete excision was accomplished in 71 patients. In 19 patients, partial or complete resection of the sternum was performed. Twenty-eight patients underwent chest wall resection extending to intrathoracic structures (lung, diaphragm, pericardium). The following subgroups were defined according to the histology: (A), sarcoma (n=32); (B), breast cancer (n=22); (C), renal cell cancer (n=9); (D), other metastases (n=7); (E), miscellaneous (n=12). The survival probability was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method (SAS software system). RESULTS: One of 41 female patients died from postoperative complications on day 30 after resection of ulcerating breast cancer recurrence (hospital mortality, 1.2%). The median survival times in groups A-E were 27, 32, 19, 16 and 22 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Chest wall resection offers immediate relief in the case of severe pain and unpleasant sequelae of ulceration. Moreover, it contributes to substantial long-term survival. This, in particular, applies to local recurrence after breast cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Validation of FDG positron emission tomography for differentiation of unknown pulmonary lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The impact of the (2-(fluorine-18)-fluoro-2-2deoxy-D-glucose)-positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET) for discrimination of pulmonary lesions was evaluated in a single centre prospective study. METHODS: In the study, 109 patients with pulmonary lesions of unknown origin verified by computed tomography were enrolled consecutively (April 1999--May 2000). They were subject to (18)F-FDG-PET diagnostics. (18)F-FDG-PET images were interpreted by two independent nuclear medicine physicians who were blinded to the results of other imaging procedures. In 87 patients, surgery was applied followed by histological investigation, which served as the gold standard. In 22 other patients, extensive tumour load or assumed benign dignity of the lesions prevented surgery. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity of (18)F-FDG-PET in 87 resected patients was 0.86. Differentiation in malignant (n = 69) and benign lesions (n = 18) revealed sensitivities of 0.9 and 0.72, respectively. Sensitivity of (18)F-FDG-PET in inflammatory lesions was markedly lower (0.43) than in benign tumours (0.91). Standard uptake values were significantly increased in malignant tumours compared with benign lesions (9.9 and 1.6, respectively; P = 0.035). There was a clear correlation of sensitivity with tumour size with a failure rate of 27% in lesions < or = 1cm (n = 15), 10% (n = 20) in lesions between 1 and 2 cm and 12% (n = 45) above 2 cm. In primary bronchial carcinoma, a clear correlation of sensitivity was observed with regard to tumour grading (G1, three out of five; G2, 24 out of 27; G3, 26 out of 26; and G4, one out of one). Lymph node involvement was correctly suggested in 10 out of 19 (52.6%) patients. However, false positive lymph node enhancement was indicated in one out of 18 (5.5%) operated patients with benign lesions and eight out of 39 (20.5%) with bronchial carcinoma. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG-PET at present does not serve as the gold standard for early detection of small and well-differentiated tumours. However, it contributes efficiently to the detection of malignancy in tumours >1cm, which are moderately or poorly differentiated. Positive lymph node imaging must not preclude surgery but requires histological proof. Discrimination of benign and malignant pulmonary tumours by (18)F-FDG-PET appears to be hampered in inflammatory lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiology and costs of lung cancer in Germany].

OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer shows the leading incidence of all cancers among men in the developed world and an increasing incidence among women. We performed a cost of illness study that aimed to assess the economic burden of lung cancer in Germany and to identify the main cost drivers. METHODS: Costs were estimated for the year 1996. In a retrospective analysis we calculated direct and indirect costs based on secondary data from governmental institutions as well as from the pharmaceutical industry. We chose the cost perspective of sickness funds to estimate direct costs. The human capital approach was applied for the calculation of indirect costs. RESULTS: Total estimated costs were DM 8.31 billion per year. The indirect costs of DM 7.40 billion accounted for 89 % of total estimated costs. The most important cost driver of the indirect costs, early death, represented on its own DM 4.85 billion, according to 58 % of total estimated costs. Of the direct costs, 93 % were due to hospitalization, amounting to DM 0.85 billion. CONCLUSIONS: This cost of illness study concerning lung cancer illustrates the outstanding importance of the indirect costs, mostly due to early death, for total costs. Based on these findings and on the leading role of smoking in the etiology of lung cancer, we suggest that studies dealing with the net costs of smoking to society should include indirect costs.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Late spreading of tuberculosis in tubercular spondylitis].

HISTORY AND ADMISSION DIAGNOSIS: A 65-year-old man, known to have had a gastric ulcer and chronic rheumatoid arthritis as well as alcohol and nicotine abuse, was admitted because of suspected endocarditis. Physical examination revealed marked pain on pressure over the throacic spine. Vesicular breath sounds were reduced over the entire thorax and there was a systolic murmur over Erb's point (above the right clavicle). There was a purulent bursitis over the olecranon. INVESTIGATIONS: Abnormal laboratory tests were: elevated C-reactive protein, elevated leucocyte count (up to 33 thousand during the hospital stay). Smears from the bursitis and blood cultures revealed Staph. aureus. Computed tomography demonstrated a fracture of the 7th thoracic vertebra with a paravertebral abscess. Echocardiography showed anatherosclerotic aortic valve with floating particles. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE: Treatment of the suspected staphylococcal bacteraemia with purulent bursitis, spondylitis and aortic valvar endocarditis was begun with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but the patient soon developed a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and he died of multi-organ failure. Autopsy revealed as cause of death left heart failure with aortic valvar endocarditis and gelatinour pneumonia caused by late tubercular dissemination from the tubercular spondylitis. CONCLUSION: Tuberculosis can be a life-threatening infection. Uncharacteristic history and extrapulmonary manifestations can make it very difficult to arrive at the correct diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Thermoplastic stents: a new concept for endoluminal prosthesis.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Intraluminal stenting of organs with stenoses or fistulae in anatomically difficult locations (for instance cardia, pylorus, large bowel), with a tendency to kinking or increased motility, still carries a high risk of stent dislocation. In the search for a solution, we report on the use of a new thermoplastic stent in animal experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The new stent consists of a plastic-coated wire mesh which can be heated electrically. Once it is warmed up to 55 C, its size and shape can be changed. After being expanded by a dilatation balloon across the stenosed area, the stent can be fitted onto the inner organ surface. This guarantees a low dislocation risk and high stability. In an animal experiment, stents were endoscopically placed in the trachea and the surgically stenosed esophagus of two dogs. The animals were observed for 3 months. RESULTS: The thermostents were implanted easily and without complications. It was possible to mold the thermostent evenly onto the intraluminal wall. No stent dislocation, bleeding or perforation was observed. Upon histologic evaluation, granulation tissue was found to be growing through the wire mesh of the stent. CONCLUSION: It was shown that the stent described here can be implanted without major problems. The greater effort of the implantation procedure, in comparison with self-expanding stents, is compensated by the special mechanical characteristics of the stent. These characteristics may permit implantation in anatomically difficult locations where up to now stenting has been impossible or inadequate.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[What is the value of neoadjuvant therapy in bronchial carcinoma?].

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is obligatory for small-cell lung cancer. When combined with radio-therapy, it reduces the incidence of recurrence and increases the survival rate to a level similar to that seen in non-small-cell lung cancer. Preliminary results suggest that complete remissions (3-year-survival rate 56%) can be achieved through the use of chemotherapy, possibly including high-dose chemotherapy for advanced stage III A cancer. The use of pre-operative chemotherapy in advanced stage III non-small-cell lung cancer is firmly established. In one study the 3-year-survival rate reached 25% in the chemotherapy group as compared to 15% in the group treated by surgery only. Early results of pre-operative chemo- and radiotherapy for stages III A and III B are encouraging. In studies comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone to a combination of neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy a higher resection rate (32 to 76%) as well as a longer disease-free survival time could be shown for the combination therapy. To date, a number of innovative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy protocols using new substances as well as various modifications of radiotherapy are being studied. It is to be expected that new standard therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer will develop from these studies.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1999

Chest wall infiltration by lung cancer: value of thin-sectional CT with different reconstruction algorithms.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether thin-sectional CT with different reconstruction algorithms can improve the diagnostic accuracy with regard to chest wall invasion in patients with peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma. Forty-one patients with intrapulmonary lesions and tumor contact to the thoracic wall as seen on CT staging underwent additional 1-mm CT slices with reconstruction in a high-resolution (HR) and an edge blurring, soft detail (SD) algorithm. Five criteria were applied and validated by histological findings. Using the criteria of the intact fat layer, HRCT had a sensitivity of 81 % and a specificity of 79 %, SD CT had a sensitivity of 96 % and a specificity of 78 %, and standard CT technique had a sensitivity of 50 % and a specificity of 71 %, respectively. Regarding changes of intercostal soft tissue, HRCT achieved a sensitivity of 71 % and a specificity of 96 %, SD CT had a sensitivity of 94 % and a specificity of 96 % (standard CT technique: sensitivity 50 % and specificity 96 %). For the other criteria, such as pleural contact area, angle, and osseous destruction, no significant differences were found. Diagnostic accuracy of chest wall infiltration can be improved by using thin sectional CT. Especially the application of an edge-blurring (SD) algorithm increases sensitivity and specificity without additional costs.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Standard- and high-dose etoposide, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and epirubicin in 100 patients with small-cell lung cancer: a mature follow-up report.

BACKGROUND: We conducted a phase I-II trial to assess the feasibility and activity of a combination chemotherapy regimen with etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin or carboplatin, and epirubicin in limited-disease (LD, stages I-IIIB) and extensive-stage (ED, stage IV) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Standard-dose chemotherapy (SDC) consisting of etoposide (500 mg/m2), ifosfamide (4000 mg/m2), cisplatin (50 mg/m2) and epirubicin (50 mg/m2) (VIP-E), followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), was given to 100 patients with SCLC. Thirty patients with qualifying responses to VIP-E proceeded to high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT) after etoposide (1,500 mg/m2), ifosfamide (12,000 mg/m2), carboplatin (750 mg/m2) and epirubicin (150 mg/m2) (VIC-E) conditioning. RESULTS OF STANDARD-DOSE VIP-E: Ninety-seven patients were evaluable for response. The objective response rate was 81% in LD SCLC (33% CR, 48% PR; excluding patients in surgical CR) and 77% in ED SCLC (18% CR, 58% PR). The treatment-related mortality (TRM) of SDC was 2%. Two additional patients in CR from their SCLC developed secondary non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC), and both were cured by surgery. The median survival was 19 months in LD SCLC and 6 months in ED SCLC. The five-year survivals were 36% in LD and 0% in ED SCLC. RESULTS OF HIGH-DOSE VIC-E: HDC was feasible in 16% of ED-, and 58% of LD-patients. All HDC patients (n = 30) improved or maintained prior responses. Four patients died of early treatment-related complications (TRM 13%). Two additional patients in CR from their SCLC developed secondary malignancies (esophageal cancer, secondary chronic myelogenous leukemia). The median survivals were 26 months in LD SCLC, and 8 months in ED SCLC. The five-year survival was 50% in LD and 0% in ED SCLC. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high response rates, survival after VIP-E SDC and VIC-E HDC in patients with ED SCLC is not superior to that achieved with less toxic traditional regimens. The high five-year survival rates achieved with these protocols in LD SCLC probably reflect both patient selection (high proportion of patients with prior surgical resection) and the high activity of our chemotherapy regimen in combination with radiotherapy. A study comparing protocols using simultaneous radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and other dose-escalated forms of SDC with HDC is needed to further define the role of this treatment modality in SCLC. Given the high rate of secondary malignancies observed in patients in CR > 2 years in our study, close follow-up and early treatment of these neoplasms may contribute to maintaining overall survival in patients with SCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Standard- and high-dose etoposide, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and epirubicin in 107 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a mature follow-up report.

BACKGROUND: We conducted a phase I-II trial to assess the activity of standard-dose (SDC) and high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with etoposide, ifosfamide, cis/carboplatin, and epirubicin (VIP-E, VIC-E) in 107 patients with limited-stage (LS, stage I-IIIB) and extensive stage (ES, stage IV) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Updated results of a previously published trial are presented. RESULTS: Response rates and survival after VIP-E were comparable to those of other standard-dose combination chemotherapies in NSCLC. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) in SDC was 3% in LS-NSCLC, and 8% in ES-NSCLC. TRM was 4% in patients selected for HDC by response rate and performance score. Five-year survival in LS-NSCLC was 12% after SDC, and 18% after HDC; it was 0% for both treatment protocols in ES-NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS: The activity of VIP-E SDC and VIC-E HDC is not superior to that of established protocols in the treatment of NSCLC. In view of the toxicity and TRM associated with this protocol, less aggressive regimens should be preferred for most patients. Whether selected patients with chemosensitive disease could benefit from VIP-E SDC and/or VIC-E HDC in an adjuvant or neo-adjuvant setting could not be determined within the scope of this study.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1999

Leukocyte infiltration and secretion of cytokines in pleural drainage fluid after thoracic surgery: impaired cytokine response in malignancy and postoperative complications.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the postoperative course of pleural leukocyte counts and cytokine concentrations in patients with malignant and nonmalignant lung disease who underwent thoracic surgery. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: A total of 21 patients undergoing thoracic surgery were included in the study. Twelve patients had a malignant disease, and 9 had a nonmalignant disease. Six patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy and 15 underwent thoracotomy. Pleural drainage fluid from the chest tubes was collected postoperatively at Oh, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96 h. The same schedule, as well as one additional preoperative sample, was applied for blood collections. RESULTS: A trend toward lower concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-10 was observed in patients with malignant disease compared to those without malignancy. These differences achieved significance for TNF-alpha in the drainage fluid of those patients with nonmalignant disease who had undergone formal thoracotomy. Patients with malignant disease showed significantly lower macrophage fractions in drainage fluid and lymphocyte fractions in serum. All patients with complications had malignant disease and showed the lowest cytokine concentrations, as well as the lowest fractions of both macrophages in drainage fluid and lymphocytes in serum. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that malignancy may lead to impairment of the wound-healing process via modification of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and locally released cytokines.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Thoracic cancer surgery in the elderly.

The risk of thoracic cancer surgery in patients of advanced age, i.e. 75 years or older, was analysed by reviewing 119 consecutive patients from August 1986 to May 1998 with bronchial carcinoma (n = 87), pulmonary metastases (n = 22), mesothelioma and pleural carcinosis (n = 7) and mediastinal or chest wall tumours (n = 3). Repeated surgery in one case of bronchial carcinoma and in another of metastases gave a total of 124 operations. Of the patients, 22 were 80 years or older (21%) and 32% were female. The median age was 77 years (range 75-87 years). Six fatalities occurred within 30 days or during hospitalization. This corresponds to a 4.8% mortality for the whole series and 6.8% for the subgroup of bronchial carcinoma. The causes of death were surgical complications in two patients, one died from heart failure after simultaneous combined coronary artery bypass grafting and left lower lobectomy 2 hours after the operation from heart failure refractory to resuscitation. With this exception all these patients had stage II (n = 2) or stage III A (n = 3) bronchial carcinoma. It is concluded that cancer surgery in the elderly is safe provided appropriate selection is observed. Indications should be very restrictive for advanced cancer and for pneumonectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Antibacterial activity of human pleural fluid: alone and in combination with antibiotics.

This study investigated the antibacterial activity of human pleural fluid (HPF) and its interaction with gentamicin (GM), meropenem (MRPM), ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and clarithromycin (CLTM) against Escherichia coli K-12, Proteus rettgeri (Sanelli) and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimal inhibitory concentrations or volumes, expressed as MIC or volume percentage (MIV, V/V%), were measured using a micro-dilution technique in microtiter plates. The antimicrobial activity of HPF combinations with antimicrobial drugs was evaluated by the chequerboard method calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) values. HPF MIVs (%) were: 37.54; 19.85; 1.74 for E. coli, P. rettgeri and S. aureus, respectively. FIC values indicated a synergistic effect with GM, MRPM and CPFX against E. coli and P. rettgeri and an additive effect for the combination HPF plus CLTM or indifference with HPF plus GM and CPFX against S. aureus. The presence of antibodies, complement factors, lysozyme, alpha-defensins and enzymes could explain the antimicrobial activity of HPF and its synergistic effect with certain antibiotics.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Results after surgery in stage-I bronchogenic carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival in stage-I non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. METHODS: During 9 years, 338 consecutive patients were operated on for stage-I bronchogenic carcinoma. Patients with small-cell carcinoma (n = 14), prior malignancies in locations other than pulmonary (n = 41), and patients with incomplete data on prognostic factors (n = 11) were excluded. Of the remaining 272 patients 226 were men. Mean age was 63 years (40 to 81 years). The resections performed comprised 215 lobectomies and bilobectomies, 36 segmentectomies and wedge resections, and 21 pneumonectomies. According to the number of sites of dissected lymph nodes 3 subgroups were formed: group A with 0 to 4 (n = 71), B with 5 to 6 (n = 118), and C with 7 to 10 sites (n = 83). Median follow-up was 46 months. RESULTS: Three patients (1.1 %) died within 30 days of operation. In 3 patients the resection was revealed to be not radical (R1). At the end of follow-up, 191 patients were alive, 174 of these without recurrence. Eighty-one patients had died, 53 associated with tumor recurrence. Four patients had died of non-pulmonary malignancies. Twenty-two patients died of causes not related to tumor disease. In 2 patients the cause of death could not be determined retrospectively. Overall 5-year survival was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] 58-72%), recurrence-free survival 59% (CI 51-66%). Significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival were T stage (relative risk [RR] 1.7 for T2 vs. T1, CI 1.0-3.0), age (RR 1.9 for >70 years vs. < or =70 years, CI 1.1-3.1), adeno cell type (RR 2.3 vs. squamous cell, CI 1.4-4.0), as well as lymphangiosis carcinomatosa (RR 2.3, CI 1.2-4.4). Extent of operative resection, extent of lymphadenectomy, and sex did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: 5-year survival of our patients was in the range reported in literature. Most patients died of distant metastases. Our retrospective study probably underestimated the occurrence of second primary cancers of the lung. Limited resection in poor-risk patients showed equivalent results to lobectomy. The extent of lymph-node resections had no influence on survival of stage-I patients, however, it must be remembered that positive results in lymph nodes shift patients to higher stages.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗