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Biomedical subjects

J Harvey

Publications and source records attributed to J Harvey.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Noninvasive evaluation of aortic stenosis severity utilizing Doppler ultrasound and electrical bioimpedance.

Aortic valve area was calculated noninvasively in 30 patients with aortic stenosis undergoing cardiac catheterization. Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound was employed to estimate the mean transvalvular pressure gradient. The mean left ventricular outflow tract flow velocity and cross-sectional area were determined from pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional ultrasound recordings. Electrical transthoracic bioimpedance cardiography performed simultaneously with the ultrasonic study and repeated at the time of catheterization measured heart rate, systolic ejection period and cardiac output. These noninvasive data permitted calculation of aortic valve area using the Gorlin equation (range 0.21 to 1.75 cm2) and the continuity equation (range 0.25 to 1.9 cm2). Subsequent cardiac catheterization showed valve area to range from 0.21 to 1.75 cm2. The mean Doppler pressure gradient estimate was highly predictive of the gradient measured at catheterization (r = +0.92, SEE = 10). Bioimpedance cardiac output measurements agreed with the average of Fick and indicator dye estimates (r = +0.90, SEE = 0.52). Valve area estimates utilizing continuous wave Doppler ultrasound and electrical bioimpedance were superior (r = +0.91, SEE = 0.12) to estimates obtained utilizing the continuity equation (r = +0.76, SEE = 0.29) and were more reliable in the detection of patients with severe aortic stenosis (9 of 11 versus 6 of 11). These data show that 1) electrical bioimpedance methods accurately estimate cardiac output in the presence of aortic stenosis; 2) the hybridized bioimpedance-Doppler ultrasound method yields accurate estimates of aortic stenosis area; and 3) the speed, accuracy and cost-effectiveness of aortic stenosis evaluation may be improved by this hybridized approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Expression of polymorphic B-cell antigens on human kidneys.

We have examined the expression on a panel of 22 human kidneys of polymorphic B-cell determinants recognized by mouse monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies from a mouse immunized with an antigenic preparation from a DR4 positive B-cell line reacted preferentially with kidneys from DR4 positive donors (p less than 0.005), and the pattern of reactivity with kidney tissues was similar to that of antibodies to monomorphic determinants of class II. However, these antibodies did not show clear specificity for DR4 on lymphocytes in standard serological analyses. These results provide evidence for the expression of polymorphic class II determinants on human kidneys. Reasons for the differences in the apparent specificities of the monoclonal antibodies when tested on kidney sections and lymphocytes are discussed.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

Evidence for the occurrence of human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins in human kidney endothelial cells.

Several mouse monoclonal antibodies recognising different epitopes on human erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins alpha and beta (syn: glycophorins A and C, respectively) react with human renal endothelium. Those monoclonal anti-blood group M and anti-blood group N antibodies which recognised the M/N epitopes on sialidase-treated human erythrocytes also reacted with human renal endothelium whilst those which recognise the M/N epitopes on native, but not on sialidase-treated human erythrocytes were not reactive with human renal endothelium. These results provide evidence for the occurrence of alpha and beta molecules in renal endothelium and suggest that alpha in renal endothelium is incompletely sialylated.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Prognostic significance of lymphatic permeation in Dukes' B colorectal cancer.

The survival of 78 patients with Dukes' B colorectal carcinoma was evaluated in relation to the presence (36 patients) or absence (42 patients) of tumour cells within lymphatic capillaries. Age-adjusted survival analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference in survival between these two groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Elastic behavior of the transplanted lung. Exponential analysis of static pressure-volume relationships.

We compared indices of muscle strength, parameters of mechanical lung function, and static pressure-volume curves in 12 heart-lung transplant (HLT) recipients to determine whether observed restrictive ventilatory defects represented abnormal elastic behavior of the transplanted lungs. Pressure-volume curves were analyzed using an exponential equation to generate the shape constant K, which describes the nonlinear behavior of pressure-volume relationships over a substantial range. For the group, K was 91% predicted, implying that there was not a diffuse abnormality of elastic properties of the transplanted lungs despite a mean TLC of 80% predicted. However, the mean maximal transpulmonary pressure (PLmax) was significantly low at 23.4 cm H2O (61% predicted) possibly related to the effects of surgery on thoracic cage mobility, but also in keeping with a reduction in power and efficiency of the thoracic musculature. The ability to achieve predicted TLC post-HLT was related to the preservation of optimal inspiratory force as TLC (% predicted) was highly correlated with maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) (% predicted) (r = 0.83) (p less than 0.001). The ratio (TLC post-HLT)/(TLC pre-HLT) was 1.00 +/- 0.18 (r = 0.82) (p less than 0.005), suggesting donor organs were well matched to recipient chest cavities, but also emphasizing that the recipients had a low TLC prior to HLT. We conclude that the presence of a stable restrictive defect post-HLT is determined primarily by the volumetric constraints of the recipient chest cavity and within these constraints by the strength and efficiency of the thoracic musculature rather than a diffuse intrinsic abnormality of pulmonary elastic properties as a consequence of the transplantation process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Using franking machine messages to promote health.

Over a 12-month period, the Oxfordshire Health Unit experimented with the addition of four different health promotion messages to all franked mail leaving the unit. Each message was evaluated by enclosing a return questionnaire in a sample of the mail. More than half the respondents read the messages (before seeing the questionnaire). Of all those who read the messages, 40 per cent said they would take some action as a result. Four out of five people thought the idea a good one. Using the evaluation results--including observed differences between the messages--some guidelines were created on the use of this relatively cost-effective form of health promotion.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Operations management approach to hospitals.

An operations management systems approach can be a useful tool for coordinating and planning in a complex organization. The authors argue for adapting such an approach to health care from the manufacturing industries in order to facilitate strategy formulation, communication and implementation.

Canada↗
PubMed1988

An immunohistological study of CD4+ lymphocyte subsets within inflammatory lesions with special reference to rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) WR16, UCHL1 and WR19 identify subsets of CD4+ lymphocytes that have been functionally characterized as suppressor inducer cells or helper inducer cells. These were applied as components of a panel of lymphocyte-specific mAbs for the phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte populations within biopsies taken from rheumatoid synovial membrane and normal and inflamed gut. The phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were also compared to normal controls. The rheumatoid synovium was characterized immunohistologically by a lymphocytic infiltrate composed predominantly of CD4+ lymphocytes and a CD4:CD8 ratio of 2.4. The CD4+ population was composed of UCHL1+ cells to the exclusion of WR16+ cells. This finding was confirmed by double immunofluorescence staining using directly conjugated Leu-3a and WR16. The UCHL1+/WR16-/CD4+ phenotype was maintained in the synovial biopsies regardless of whether the patient had commenced treatment with disease modifying drugs. The absence of WR16+ cells within the rheumatoid synovium was shown to be a localized phenomenon as there was a slight elevation of circulating WR16+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of rheumatoids whilst the levels of UCHL1+ and WR19+ lymphocytes remained unchanged. As no appropriate normal control tissue is available for comparison to the rheumatoid synovium we also examined the lymphocytes present within Crohn's disease-involved bowel biopsies and compared them to normal gut tissue lymphocytes using WR16 and UCHL1 mAbs. The CD3+ lymphocytes present within normal tissue comprised a mixture of WR16+ and UCHL1+ cells. In contrast the CD3+ lymphocytes within Crohn's involved tissue were exclusively UCHL1+ as previously observed in the rheumatoid synovium. These data indicate that the CD4+ lymphocyte infiltrate present within inflammatory lesions of presumed distinct aetiology exhibit a localized selective loss of cells with the CD45R+/CD4+ suppressor inducer phenotype. This may be a consequence of the selective extravasation of CD4+ helper induced cells or more likely, in view of the previously documented loss of the p220 molecule identified by CD45R mAbs upon T-cell activation, the result of CD4+ T-cell activation at sites of inflammation.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1988

Early metastatic cancer of unknown primary origin at presentation. A clinical study of 302 consecutive autopsied patients.

We studied 302 consecutive autopsied patients who presented with carcinoma of unknown primary origin. The most frequent metastatic sites were the nodes, lung, and bone. The primary site was identified while patients were alive in 27% and at autopsy in 57%; the site remained unidentified in 16%. The pancreas (26.5%), lung (17.2%), kidney (4.6%), and colorectum (3.6%) were the most frequent primary sites, but the reliability of diagnostic tests used in the search for this site was disappointing. Survival was identical in patients whose primary site was discovered while alive, at autopsy, or remained unknown. The number of metastases at presentation was the major prognostic factor. Analysis of autopsy data demonstrated that patients with carcinoma of unknown primary origin pursue a different course than expected when the primary site is the first manifestation of the disease. On the basis of these results and the results of other modern series, we suggest an approach consisting of a limited initial workup but with greater emphasis on modern histochemistry studies and immunohistopathologic and other kinetic and morphologic parameters to understand the patient tumor characteristics better and base the clinical management on an individual basis.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1988

The effects of one year of nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation in chest wall disease.

The effects of one year of nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation using individually designed cuirass respirators have been investigated in twenty-five patients with chest wall disease. After one year, 22 (88%) of the patients were alive. Daytime arterial blood gases had improved. Functional residual capacity (FRC) had increased but there was no significant change in other lung volumes. Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) improved in the subjects with a scoliosis but not in those with a thoracoplasty or neuromuscular disease. Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) was unchanged. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and six minute walking distance had all increased. There was no improvement in respiratory symptoms, but a decrease in depression scores and in the time taken to complete a trail test. The mean (SD) number of days spent in hospital over the year was 21.5 (15.1) per patient, with patients consulting their general practitioners less frequently than in the year prior to commencing nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation. The cost of commencing a patient on domiciliary nocturnal cuirass-assisted ventilation is estimated as 2470 pounds, and of maintaining them at home for one year as 3302 pounds.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Education against AIDS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody against the lymphoblast substance P receptor.

A murine monoclonal antibody to the IM-9 lymphoblast substance P (SP) receptor has been produced which recognizes the membrane-associated proteins of the SP receptor as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of [125I]SP affinity-labeled and [35S]methionine biosynthetically labeled IM-9 soluble membranes. SP and anti-SP receptor binding to [35S]methionine-labeled IM-9 cell proteins were directly compared by attachment of each to affinity supports. Eluants from these affinity columns were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and revealed an equivalent 33-kDa protein in both cases. This protein corresponds to one of the previously described [125I]SP specifically affinity-labeled membrane-associated proteins. In addition, two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis with human peripheral blood T lymphocytes with fluorescein-SP and rhodamine-labeled antireceptor antibody revealed a distinct population of cells (20 to 30%) that were equally labeled by both the fluorescent peptide and antibody. This result indicates that the anti-SP receptor antibody recognizes an epitope of the receptor that is common to both human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and IM-9 lymphoblast cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Nuclear DNA content and prognosis in human breast cancer: a static cytophotometric study.

Nuclear DNA content was measured by static cytophotometry in smears from breast carcinomas from 80 women, and the results were correlated with other prognostic variables and survival using multivariate statistical analysis. 49% of patients had diploid tumors and 51% hyperdiploid tumors. There was a strong correlation between DNA ploidy and axillary lymph node status, tumor size, ER status, and short term survival (median follow-up 40 months). Of all parameters measured, ploidy showed the strongest correlation with survival, and was a significant prognostic indicator even when other prognostic factors were taken into account.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

5-Acyl-3-substituted-benzofuran-2(3H)-ones as potential antiinflammatory agents.

A series of 5-acyl-3-substituted-benzofuran-2(3H)-ones and their respective ring-opened o-hydroxy acids were synthesized. The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated in terms of their ability to improve adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Their effect on the production of both cyclooxygenase (CO) and lipoxygenase (LO) metabolites of arachidonic acid in guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) was also examined. No correlation between the antiinflammatory activity and increasing stability of the lactones could be found. The degree of activity in general shown by the benzofuranones was similar to that of their corresponding o-hydroxy acids. This, coupled with the evidence from studies on opening of the lactone ring, suggests an in vivo transformation of the former into the latter. Benzofuranones displayed a dual inhibition of CO and LO products, while a moderate reduction in CO metabolites was shown by their acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Bronchial hyper-responsiveness after human cardiopulmonary transplantation.

1. Bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was studied in ten heart-lung transplant (HLT) recipients a mean 10.6 months (range 1.5-28 months) post-HLT and in ten normal subjects. 2. The mean provocation dose of methacholine producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20 FEV1) was significantly lower in the HLT recipients (1.70 +/- 3.96 mg vs 11.55 +/- 3.79 mg; P less than 0.001), as was the mean provocation dose of methacholine producing a 50% fall in specific airway conductance (PD50 sGAW) (0.08 +/- 0.08 mg vs 5.13 +/- 5.47 mg; P less than 0.005). 3. These results establish the presence of significant bronchial hyper-responsiveness to inhaled cholinergic agonists in the transplanted lung.

Administration, Inhalation↗