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Biomedical subjects

J Hart

Publications and source records attributed to J Hart.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Randomized prospective trial of OKT3 for early prophylaxis of rejection after liver transplantation.

A group of 52 liver transplant patients was prospectively randomized to receive prophylactic immunosuppressive therapy consisting of either Orthoclone OKT3 for 14 days, azathioprine, and steroids (25 patients); or cyclosporine, azathioprine, and steroids (27 patients). The groups were similarly matched for age, diagnosis, and Child's classification. The patients were studied to determine the effect of these two regimens on the incidence of rejection, infection, renal dysfunction, and mortality. Seven rejection episodes, as determined by clinical and histological criteria, occurred in seven of 25 patients (28%) receiving OKT3 compared with 18 episodes in 27 patients (67%) receiving cyclosporine during the first 14 days after transplantation (P less than 0.02). In 20% of the OKT3 patients, CD3+ levels of greater than 10% developed during therapy, and 16% of the patients developed anti-OKT3 antibodies during OKT3 treatment. Five patients were retreated with OKT3 for steroid-resistant acute rejection episodes; all had resolution of the rejection episode. Infectious complications were similar in each group. Renal function, as measured by serum creatinine, was significantly better with OKT3 than with cyclosporine (P less than 0.003) at 14 days. We conclude that prophylactic OKT3 is effective in reducing the number of early rejection episodes after liver transplantation; after 14 days the incidence of rejection is similar; reuse of OKT3 has been successful in liver transplant patients; infectious complications are similar between OKT3 and cyclosporine; and OKT3 preserves renal function better than cyclosporine and is thus indicated in patients with compromised preoperative renal function.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1989

Changes in maternal and newborn lymphocyte reactivity in reciprocal mixed lymphocyte cultures during the postpartum period.

Reciprocal one-way mixed mother-newborn lymphocyte cultures (MMNLC) containing alternatively maternal or newborn responding (R) or stimulating (S) cells were investigated in both directions in primiparae at three different times: a few hours after delivery, and at 4 and at 16 weeks. Cultures were grown in the presence of maternal and pooled control serum prepared from the blood of five to eight unrelated healthy donors. Four weeks after delivery in maternal and in control serum a significant increase in MMNLC reactivity could be observed, which disappeared at 16 weeks when a pronounced decline in MMNLC values in both directions was found. The suppressive effect of maternal serum was more pronounced at delivery, still evident 4 weeks later, and insignificant after 16 weeks. The results of this study suggest that 4 weeks after delivery, maternal sensitization to fetal histocompatibility antigens can be detected in primiparae with MMNLC; and that 16 weeks later, this was no longer detectable with the same test.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Role of the newborn's sex in mixed maternal-newborn lymphocyte culture reactivity.

One-way-stimulated mixed mother-newborn lymphocyte cultures (MMNLC) from male and female newborns were evaluated and compared shortly after delivery. Newborn sex-correlated differences were observed in the strength of the MMNLC reactivity with responding maternal as well as newborn cells. The reactivity of MMNLC with responding maternal cells from male as compared to female newborns was significantly less inhibited in maternal and newborn serum. The inhibitory effect of maternal serum on maternal and male newborn lymphocytes in MMNLC seems to be correlated to the sex of the previous child delivered and was significantly lower when the present as well as the previous baby were of the same sex, e.g. 2 boys. The results suggest that fetal-male-specific Y-chromosome-correlated histocompatibility antigens may specifically influence the maternal immune response to her fetus.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteins are coded within chromosome 19.

We have isolated and characterized cDNAs that code for apoproteins having amino acid sequences highly similar to pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteins (PS beta G). cDNAs coding for PS beta Gs, as well as the cDNA clone reported here, are members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family. The previous localization of CEA-related genes to human chromosome 19, and the high level of DNA sequence conservation in the CEA family, suggested that the PS beta G genes are also located on this chromosome. We demonstrate here that chromosome 19 is indeed the site of PS beta G sequences. Our finding is in contrast to the recently reported indication that pregnancy-specific glycoproteins are encoded in chromosomes X and 6.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1988

Practical aspects in the diagnosis and management of cystosarcoma phyllodes.

Thirty-five cases of benign cystosarcoma phyllodes, 13 cases of malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes, and ten cases of giant fibroadenoma were studied. The diagnosis of benign or malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes was based on a combination of histological features. Clinical and gross pathologic findings were not found to be useful in distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors. Giant fibroadenomas occurred primarily in black adolescents and were histologically distinct. Positive surgical margins were found to be the best predictor of local recurrence of benign or malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes. Systemic metastases occurred in only one case of malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes. Most benign and malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes may be treated by wide local excision with tumor-free margins. Giant fibroadenomas should be treated by simple excision to preserve normal breast tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Oxmetidine (H2 receptor antagonist) induced cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Oxmetidine, a new and more potent analogue of the H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, was recently withdrawn from clinical trials because of associated hepatotoxicity. We investigated the potential hepatotoxicity of the drug in vitro and in vivo in the rat. In addition, we investigated, in in vitro experiments, the potential hepatoxicity of other gastric acid inhibitory drugs (cimetidine, ranitidine, omeprazole and nolinium bromide). In in vitro experiments, oxmetidine, at various concentrations, was added to isolated hepatocyte incubations and cytotoxicity was assayed by trypan blue exclusion. In in vivo experiments, oxmetidine was administered both i.p. and orally, and hepatotoxicity was assessed by serum biochemical measures (transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) and liver histopathology. In the in vitro studies, the addition of oxmetidine to the hepatocyte incubations was associated with significant (P less than 0.001) dose and time dependent cytotoxicity. However, the in vivo experiments revealed no significant changes in serum biochemistry and no significant alterations in liver histopathology up to 72 h following the administration three different dosages of oxmetidine. Of the other gastric acid inhibitory drugs, only nolinium bromide was associated with significant (P less than 0.001) in vitro cytotoxicity. Our in vitro observations establish that oxmetidine is cytotoxic to isolated rat hepatocytes and suggest that nolinium bromide be further evaluated for potential hepatotoxicity.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1988

The role of contextual factors in the relationship between physical activity and self-awareness.

Previous research has indicated that performing arousing or unusual activities heightens self-awareness, as indexed by the use of first person singular pronouns in a sentence completion task (McDonald, Harris & Maher, 1983; Wegner & Giuliano, 1980; 1983). This type of self-awareness seems to reflect awareness of oneself as an individual. In the study reported here, we examined the impact of contextual factors on both awareness of oneself as an individual and awareness of oneself as a group member. The latter type of self-awareness was indexed by the use of first person plural pronouns. Subjects either ran or walked in place while in one of three contexts: (1) alone; (2) with co-actors present; or (3) in a group which fostered interaction and interdependence among participants. The results indicated that, relative to the other two contexts, the group context lowered self-awareness as indexed by the use of first person singular pronouns, but enhanced self-awareness as indexed by the use of first person plural pronouns. This is discussed in terms of the impact that social context has on different forms of self-awareness.

Arousal↗
PubMed1987

Alpha-interferon and fragility at 16q22. A study on 15 selected controls and 146 selected patients.

Inducibility or enhancement of fragility at 16q22 by alpha-interferon has been found in a Danish laboratory and in our laboratory. Several other studies were not able to confirm these findings. We present the results of a large study on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 15 selected controls and 146 selected patients treated in vitro by alpha-interferon. In some of our patients parallel studies with distamycin A were performed. Both interferon and distamycin A induced the same fragility, but only in some patients. Both agents were not consistently able to enhance a spontaneously expressed 16q22 fragility. 16q22 is the location of the metallothionein genes, whose transcription is induced by interferon. The induction of the metallothionein gene transcription and the 16q22 fragility, however, do not seem to be directly related. To explain our findings we advance the hypothesis that fragility at 16q22 may be a modification induced by virus(es) with selective tropism for cells which are differently influenced by a pleiotropic action of interferon.

Chromosome Fragility↗
PubMed1987

Sexual behavior in healthy married elderly men.

Sexual behavior was evaluated in 81 men aged 60-71 years (34 men aged 60-65 years and 47 men aged 66-71 years). All subjects were married, physically healthy, and with no psychopathology or marital problems. Sexual function was evaluated by a self-report three-point rating scale. Thirty-six percent of the whole study population reported impotence, with no significant difference between the two age groups. About half of the total population reported regular masturbatory activity. A decline in frequency of sexual intercourse and an increase in frequency of masturbation in subjects aged 66-71 years as compared to subjects aged 60-65 indicates that the interest in sexuality continues in elderly men although the form of sexual expression changes from active sexual intercourse to a self-pleasuring/autoerotic form. Evaluation of sexual activity in advanced age is recommended and appropriate therapy in case of sexual dysfunction should be offered to elderly men.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Differences in sensitivity to melphalan between con A-activated and nonactivated human T-cell subsets.

In vitro treatment with melphalan (L-PAM, L-phenylalanine mustard), 2 micrograms/2 X 10(6) cells, significantly decreased the total number of E-rosette-positive (E+) T lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBL) of healthy human donors as well as those of the OKT4 (precursor suppressor/helper/inducer T cells) and OKT17 populations (suppressor cells within the OKT4 subset). The OKT8 population (cytotoxic/mature suppressor cells) was not affected by a similar L-PAM treatment. The sensitivity of concanavalin A (Con A)-activated E+ T-cell populations to subsequent L-PAM treatment in vitro was different from that of Con A-untreated T cells: Thus, L-PAM treatment did not affect the expression of OKT3 and OKT4 antigens, increased the percentage of OKT17 cells, and inhibited the expression of OKT8 antigen. Depletion of OKT8 from Con A-activated E+ T cells (OKT4+-OKT8(-)-OKT17+) did not affect their suppressive activity on PHA stimulation in L-PAM-treated as well as untreated cells. Further depletion of OKT17+ cells from the OKT4+-OKT8(-)-OKT17+ subset (OKT4+-OKT8(-)-OKT17-) abolished the suppressive effect on PHA stimulation. Suppressive activity of the OKT4+-OKT8(-)-OKT17- subset was again evident after treatment of this population with L-PAM. The results obtained indicate that the sensitivity to L-PAM treatment of various T-cell phenotypes is changed by Con A activation and that after depletion of specific T suppressor cells L-PAM seems affect the immunoregulatory circuit within the Con A-activated OKT4 subset.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1987

Distributions of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Israeli Jewish children of different geographic-ethnic origins, ages 9-17 years.

To determine age and ethnic patterns of blood lipid levels in childhood and adolescence and to extend previous adult and late adolescent Israeli data to prepubertal ages, the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were determined among 1,153 schoolchildren in the area of Petah-Tikva. Half of the children were born to immigrants from Yemen. Among boys, TC levels progressively decreased as age increased from 10-11 to 14-15 years (159 to 142 mg/dl). The age-specific TC and HDL-C means among boys are compatible with an initial swift fall with age, followed by a rise restricted to TC during puberty. Among girls, progressively lower means through ages 12-13 and increasingly higher ones for older age groups are also compatible with puberty-determined changes, previously observed in American cohorts. The differences in TC were only partly accounted for by lower HDL-C means at higher ages (52 mg/dl in the youngest and 45 mg/dl in the oldest age group, respectively, among boys, compared with 53 mg/dl for girls at both ages 9 and 16-17). TG levels in boys, but not in girls, showed age differences paralleling those found for HDL-C, but in an inverse direction. TC means were lower as age increased only among female offspring of European-born Jews (159 to 148 mg/dl, ages 9-12 compared with ages 13-17), a phenomenon that requires further study. Overall, TC and HDL-C were clearly higher among girls than boys beginning at ages 12-13, with little or no sex differences in TG. The sex differences in TC, contrary to previous studies, were not fully accounted for by HDL-C sex differences. The ethnic variability paralleled previous findings in Israeli adults and adolescents, showing low TC levels among male offspring of Yemenite and other Asian-born fathers. The ethnic differences among girls were small. No specific pattern of age-related lipid changes was found in the group of Yemenite origin, who represented offspring of parents with notoriously low levels of coronary heart disease incidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The iron content of finger-nails in iron deficient patients.

The content of S, Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn in the finger-nails of 17 women with iron deficiency was examined by X-ray microanalysis and compared with that of 17 healthy women. The values for all these elements were similar in both groups. The distribution curve for iron was also similar in both patients and controls. There was no correlation between the iron content of the finger-nails and the serum iron or haemoglobin levels. It is suggested that the iron content of the finger-nails in iron deficient patients does not reflect their iron status.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Multiple pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: report of a quadruplet pregnancy and delivery.

The first baby from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) was born in England in 1978 as a result of retrieval of a single preovulatory oocyte in the course of a natural cycle (Steptoe and Edwards, 1978). At present most programmes of IVF throughout the world do not use natural cycles producing only one oocyte, but rather multiple oocyte cycles produced by clomiphene citrate (CC), human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG), or pure follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), either separately or in combination, sequentially or concomitantly, for the induction of multiple follicular maturation.

Adult↗