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Biomedical subjects

J Harrington

Publications and source records attributed to J Harrington.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Floppy eyelid syndrome. Management including surgery.

Six overweight patients, five men and the first woman to be reported, are described with floppy eyelid syndrome. Five patients had bilateral ocular involvement. Only two patients were free of other ocular surface problems. Concurrent diagnoses included blepharitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, lagophthalmos, medicamentosal conjunctivitis, molluscum contagiosum, and masquerade syndrome. Five patients responded to appropriate therapy, which included shielding the eyes during sleep. Three patients underwent a horizontal lid tightening procedure, which resulted in permanent correction of their floppy eyelids and resolution of their ocular signs and symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Morphological and physiological responses of the lungs of dogs to acute decompression.

The lung's response to decompression was studied in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Arterial pressure, hematocrit, right ventricular pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), dynamic compliance (CL), pulmonary resistance (RL), and arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH were measured prior to and for 3 h after a simulated air dive to 300 feet of seawater. Bronchoscopy was performed predive and at 3 h postdive. At 3 h animals were killed, and sections of lung were excised for histological examination. The decompression profile used regularly produced pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, hemoconcentration, and arterial hypoxemia. CL fell in all but one dived animal. RL was more variable but remained unchanged postdive in most animals. The decompression stress did not alter the bronchoscopic and histological appearance of the airway mucosa. Pulmonary edema was regularly observed in histological sections and occurred without elevations of LVEDP. We concluded that noncardiac pulmonary edema is the principal response of the lung to decompression stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Assessment of the cardiac effects of hemodialysis with systolic time intervals and echocardiography.

The acute effects of hemodialysis on left ventricular (LV) function were studied with the use of externally recorded LV systolic time intervals and echocardiography; 10 patients with normal or near-normal predialysis LV function and no circulatory congestion were studied. Hemodialysis significantly decreased the LV ejection time (LVET) from 270 +/- 9 ms to 237 +/- 10 ms (p less than 0.001); no significant change was noted in the preejection period (PEP). The PEP/LVET ratio increased from 0.41 +/- 0.05 to 0.45 +/- 0.06 (p less than 0.05). The LV end-diastolic dimension decreased from 5.3 +/- 0.3 cm to 4.8 +/- 0.3 cm (p less than 0.001). Fractional shortening and ejection fraction did not change significantly, but hemodialysis slightly increased mean VCF from 1.2 +/- 0.1 s-1 to 1.4 +/- 0.1s-1 (p less than 0.005). Hemodialysis was associated with a 17% decrease (87 +/- 8 ml to 72 +/- 7 ml; p less than 0.001) in LV stroke volume as calculated from echocardiographic data. Small changes in heart rate and blood pressure were insignificant. We conclude that the postdialysis reduction in stroke volume was due primarily to an acute decrease in LV preload; dialysis also appears to be associated with a small increase in the LV contractile state.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP): the major organic phosphate in the erythrocytes of the elasmobranch Mustelus canis (smooth dogfish).

1. Ion exchange column chromatography of red cell extracts from the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) reveals a phosphate pool which includes inorganic phosphate, AMP, ADP and ATP. 2. GTP and an iron complex of this nucleotide (Fe-GTP) account for approximately 40% of the principal organic phosphates. 3. ATP accounts for 30%, and AMP and ADP approximately 10% each. 4. 2,3-DPG is not detectable by either enzymatic or chromatographic analysis. 5. The use of a "purified" buffer system consisting of redistilled formic acid and de novo synthesized ammonium formate increases the ratio of GTP to Fe-GTP from approximately 1.4:1 to 10:1. This suggests that all of the iron nucleotide complexes (ATP and GTP) previously reported in red cells may not represent a normally occurring intraerythrocyte complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Oto-Palato-Digital syndrome with severe X-ray changes in two half brothers.

The first two cases, reported in Australia of Oto-Palato-Digital syndrome, in two half brothers and described. They show the most severe X-ray changes ever reported in this syndrome, and were already full-blown in one of the brothers who was radiographed at the age of 1 day. These two cases also broaden our clinical and radiographic spectrum of the disease.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

Surface activity of hemoglobin S and other human hemoglobin variants.

The kinetics of surface pressure change (deltapi vs. t isotherms) were determined for several single point mutations of the human hemoglobin system. It was observed that hemoglobin S and hemoglobin CHarlem (both containing beta6 Glu leads to Val substitutions) have a specific behavior at the water-air interface: their extent of surface pressure change is larger than for hemoglobin A, hemoglobin C and hemoglobin Korle Bu (beta73 Asp leads to Asn). In addition, hemoglobin S seems to occupy a larger area per molecule than hemoglobin A. The conformational requirements for this property, in addition to the beta6 Val substitution, appear to be the liganded state of the betas chain in the tetramer. Electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are involved in determining the surface activity of a hemoglobin molecule. The differences between the surface activity of oxyhemoglobin S and oxyhemoglobin A could be the basis for their differences in mechanical precipitability, although other factors may play a role.

Asparagine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measures of self-reported morbidity according to age, gender and general medical services eligibility in the national survey of lifestyles, attitudes and nutrition.

BACKGROUND: The survey of lifestyles, attitudes and nutrition (SLAN) is a national representative sample of 6,539 adults. AIMS: To report on both global and disease specific measures of self-reported morbidity according to age, gender and medical card status. METHODS: Reported rates of morbidity are given for angina, heart attack, stroke, raised blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes mellitus and for other general conditions as well as difficulty with hearing and glasses/contact lens use. Stratified chi-squared analysis of categorical variables was conducted and logistic age adjusted regression model with general medical services (GMS) eligibility as the dependent variable. RESULTS: All conditions were more prevalent after the age of 45 years and showed a continuing age gradient. There were highly statistically significant inverse morbidity patterns according to GMS status among both men and women. Only reported raised cholesterol level was higher among the more affluent (13.5% males and 13.3% females over 45 years without a medical card, compared with 7.3% and 9.5% card holders respectively), one suggested explanation is the lack of access to means-tested screening. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable morbidity in the Irish population, particularly among GMS card holders.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcome of patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for left-sided chronic ulcerative colitis.

Chronic ulcerative colitis is not a uniform disease entity because the clinical pattern and disease characteristics differ on the basis of the anatomic location of the inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare the preoperative characteristics, postoperative complications, and long-term functional outcome of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in patients with left-sided colitis to those same characteristics in patients with pancolitis. Between 1990 and 1996, a total of 565 patients underwent IPAA for chronic ulcerative colitis at our institution. Of these, 111 patients were determined to have left-sided involvement, whereas 283 patients had pancolitis. The mean age at surgery was greater in the patients with left-sided colitis (37 years vs. 34 years, P = 0.01), and the mean duration of disease (8.7 years vs. 7.7 years, P = 0.05) tended toward a significant difference between the left-sided colitis and pancolitis groups. The complication rates were similar with the exception of small bowel obstructions, for which there was a higher incidence in the group with left-sided colitis (27% vs. 13%, P = 0.002) at 5 years. The incidence of pouchitis (43% vs. 39%) at 5 years was comparable. Long-term functional results and quality-of-life assessment did not show any significant differences between the two groups. We were unable to detect any correlation between the extent of colon involvement and the subsequent incidence of pouchitis, long-term pouch function, and quality of life. Patients with left-sided colitis were older, had a relatively longer duration of disease, and were at increased risk for postoperative small bowel obstruction as compared to patients with pancolitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies on the sex chromosome constitution of human sperm.

More males are conceived than females and more males are born as a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and donor insemination procedures. All donor sperm samples are frozen for a minimum of 6 months before they are used. The ratio of more boys to girls has been consistently reported over the years. A similar finding has been noted in the Galway Fertility Unit at University College Hospital Galway, Ireland. Traditionally, it has been accepted that the reason for this excess is that a Y chromosome-bearing sperm swims faster than the X-bearing sperm because it contains less DNA and is therefore "lighter." To test this hypothesis, semen samples were collected at the Galway Fertility Unit from men presenting for routine semen assessments. Each sample was divided into a number of aliquots. The first aliquot was assessed as the "raw" ejaculate to measure the initial ratio of X to Y. The second aliquot was prepared using Percoll density gradients, which allows for greater recovery of sperm with higher motility and improved sperm function. The final aliquot was frozen. The frozen sample was later thawed and prepared using Percoll. The prepared sperm were kept for 48 h and sampled at the time of preparation and at 24 h and 48 h to establish if there was any differential survival over time. The X:Y ratio was analyzed using the technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This allowed the sex chromosomes to be specifically stained and identified simultaneously. No difference was found in the X:Y ratio of the sperm. Therefore, any selection for the Y sperm must take place at some later stage.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fighting spirit.

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Awards and Prizes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Symptomatic bipartite sesamoids.

The great toe sesamoids have been well reported in the literature, in every aspect. Much has been written about the normal anatomic variation of partite metatarsophalangeal sesamoids. It is the purpose of this article to present a theory explaining the common occurrence of a symptomatic partite sesamoid. The authors believe there is a high rate of occurrence of symptomatic partite sesamoids, especially when associated with hallux abducto valgus. Presented is information concerning the internal and external structural components of a bipartite metatarsal sesamoidal joint, which may inherently lead it to symptomatology.

Humans↗