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Biomedical subjects

J Hanzlik

Publications and source records attributed to J Hanzlik.

123 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
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Playfulness in children with and without disability: measurement and intervention.

OBJECTIVE: The differences in playfulness between young children with cerebral palsy and developmental delays and children who are typically developing, and the comparative effects of two interventions (one focused on improving mother-child interaction patterns, the other a neurodevelopmental treatment [NDT] session) on children's playfulness were examined in this study. Reliability and validity of the Test of Playfulness (ToP) also were examined. METHOD: Three trained raters used the ToP to score 38 children, half with cerebral palsy and developmental delays and half typically developing, as they played with their mothers. Mental ages of the children ranged from 3 to 18 months. The mother-child dyads in which the children had cerebral palsy and developmental delays were then randomly assigned to an intervention group. After a 1-hr intervention to improve mother-child interaction, the children were rescored on the ToP. RESULTS: After examination of ToP reliability and validity, children with cerebral palsy and developmental delays were found to score significantly lower on the ToP than their peers who were typically developing. In addition, children whose mothers received an intervention to improve mother-child interactions scored significantly higher on the ToP after intervention than before intervention. However, the gain scores of children whose mothers received the intervention were not significantly higher than those of children who received direct NDT. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that when the shared goal of parents and therapists is to enable children to express their inherent playfulness, intervention to improve parent-child interactions may be more potent than intervention directed at improving the child's developmental skills.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein B gene in survivors of myocardial infarction.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Pvu II and Msp I polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein B gene and risk of myocardial infarction in 90 survivors of myocardial infarction. Apolipoprotein B is important in the metabolism of lipoproteins and there is an evidence suggesting that this apolipoprotein plays a central role in atherogenesis. Some polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein B gene are associated with peripheral arterial disease, coronary artery disease and risk of myocardial infarction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: DNA was prepared from the whole blood. Samples from patients and control group were digested with Pvu II restriction enzyme. Filters were prepared by Southern blotting technique and hybridized with ApoB probe (LB25-A). Genotypes for Msp I polymorphism were determined with polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The frequency of the rarer allele (P2) for Pvu II polymorphism in the apolipoprotein B gene was significantly higher in myocardial infarction group (P = 0.001) compared with healthy individuals. A significant association was also found between P2 allele and the age at which myocardial infarction occurred. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in Polish population the individuals with P2 allele of the apolipoprotein B gene are at increased risk of developing myocardial infarction. No significant correlation with myocardial infarction event was found for the Msp I polymorphism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor type 1 genes in essential hypertension in a Polish population.

BACKGROUND: The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene meet the criteria for candidate genes in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between polymorphisms of these genes and essential hypertension in a Polish population, to evaluate them as possible genetic markers of susceptibility to hypertension, and to search for interaction between the two polymorphisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The insertion/deletion polymorphism at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene locus and the A1166C polymorphism at the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene locus were detected using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length methods. 250 patients with stable essential hypertension lasting at least 1 year were compared to 150 individuals without signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease or family history of hypertension. RESULTS: No association was found between the insertion/deletion polymorphism at the angiotensin-converting enzyme locus and essential hypertension in the study population, although the DD genotype occurred more often (p<0.01) among patients with hypertension and a negative family history of hypertension than among hypertensives with a positive family history. There was an association in our study population between hypertension and the A1166C polymorphism at the angiotensinogen II type 1 receptor gene locus. The frequency of occurrence of the C1166 variant was higher among patients with hypertension (0.29) than in control subjects (0.20). The CC genotype occurred more frequently among hypertensives (0.10) than in the control group (0.04). Both these differences were statistically significant. This association was stronger in males, patients with a negative family history of hypertension, and non-obese patients with a body mass index less than 26 kg/m2. To test the interaction between the polymorphisms in question, the distribution of the A1166 and C1166 variants among ACE genotypes was assessed. The A1166 variant occurs more often among DD genotype normotensives. CONCLUSIONS: There was no association in our study population between essential hypertension and the I/D polymorphism at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene locus. The C1166 variant of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene was associated with hypertension in our study population, while the A1166 variant seems to be protective as regards susceptibility to hypertension.

Alleles↗
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[Vegetative nervous system's contribution to the development of stress induced gastric ulcers].

A vegetative nervous system contribution to the development of stress-induced gastric ulcers has been investigated. The experiments involved male Wistar rats. Vegetative nervous system activity has been assessed with acetylcholine brain and stomach tissue levels and synthesis as well as adrenaline and noradrenaline levels in adrenals and gastric wall. The results have shown, that ulcerogenic effect of stress is accompanied by the increase in both cholinergic and adrenergic activities. Moreover, it has been shown, that markedly strong stimulation of the adrenergic system in some rats, together with pharmacologic activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors, inhibits the development of stress-induced gastric ulcers.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of adrenergic activity in Graves-Basedow disease and in nodular goiter].

The 24-hour urinary excretion of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline was determined in 27 patients with Graves-Basedow disease and 14 patients with hyperactive nodular goitre. The determinations were done before the treatment and after achieving the euthyroid state. The catecholamines were determined by the fluorimetric method which is a modification of the trihydroxyindole method. On the basis of 24-hour excretion of catecholamines with urine the activity of the sympathetic system was compared in both these diseases. No significant differences were found in this 24-hour urinary excretion of catecholamines between both groups. The obtained results suggest a similar degree of adrenergic activity in these two diseases, suggesting thus a secondary character of adrenergic stimulation in hyperthyroidism independently of its causes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of physical exertion on respiratory airflow and airway resistance in patients with chronic bronchitis].

In a group of 30 men aged 44-60 years with chronic bronchitis the effect of physical effort was assessed on the value of airways resistance and expired air flow. Physical effort was noted to increase the air flow and decreases airways resistance in most cases of chronic bronchitis. A significant negative correlation was demonstrated between the TGV value and the flow-volume value, and changes of air flow after effort in chronic bronchitis patients depended on the resting TGV value.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endocrine ophthalmopathy--etiopathology].

Endocrine ophthalmopathy is regarded as organ specific disease of autoimmunological origin. It occurs most frequently in patients with Graves disease, less frequently in those with Hashimoto thyroiditis. The presence of HLA DR-3 and HLA b-8 antigens, cigarette smoking, treatment with radioiodine, and thyroid function disturbances predispose for the development of the disease. On the other hand, the most important pathogenetic mechanism is fibroblast stimulation and increased collagen and glucosaminoglycans production within the extrabulbar muscle interstitium.

Autoimmune Diseases↗