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Biomedical subjects

J Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to J Hansen.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of sulphasalazine and disodium azodisalicylate on colonic PGE2 concentrations determined by equilibrium in vivo dialysis of faeces in patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls.

The role of arachidonic acid metabolites and the mode of action of 5-aminosalicylic acid, the active moiety of sulphasalazine and disodium azodisalicylate, in ulcerative colitis remain obscure. Therefore, experiments were performed in which the effects of medication on immunoreactive prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentrations in free faecal water were assessed using the equilibrium in vivo dialysis of faeces. Colonic PGE2 concentrations in patients with active ulcerative colitis (n = 11) ranged from 2035-18,000 pg/ml to be compared with a range of 103-188 pg/ml in healthy volunteers (n = 10; p less than 0.001). In all healthy volunteers PGE2 concentrations decreased slightly (p less than 0.05) after disodium azodisalicylate intake 2 g/day, whereas low dose disodium azodisalicylate (0.25 g/day) caused no change. In patients with ulcerative colitis in complete clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histologic remission withdrawal of sulphasalazine (2 g/day; n = 6) increased PGE2 concentrations to values above normal levels (p less than 0.05) which returned to pretrial values (p less than 0.05) on disodium azodisalicylate (2 g/day; n = 7). In conclusion, increased PGE2 in free faecal water indicates an abnormality in the colonic mucosa, even in the absence of conventional signs of inflammation. We could not confirm the hypothesis that sulphasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid exert their therapeutic effect through promotion of endogenous cytoprotective prostaglandins. In contrast, the observation that raised PGE2 concentrations were normalised by disodium azodisalicylate in patients with inactive ulcerative colitis suggests that subclinical disease activity was decreased by 5-aminosalicylic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Self-mutilation.

Self-mutilation presents great diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties and the financial expenditure involved in its treatment is considerable. The ten patients comprising the present investigation were on average hospitalized for 314 days and were operated on 15 times. Only two can be considered to have recovered. Greater knowledge of these patients and closer cooperation between the surgeon, psychiatrist, general practitioner and social authorities should make their treatment more effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Colonic azodisalicylate metabolism determined by in vivo dialysis in healthy volunteers and patients with ulcerative colitis.

Azodisalicylate, a second generation drug of sulfasalazine, delivers twice the amount of 5-aminosalicylic acid to the colonic lumen on a molar basis when split by bacterial azoreductases. In 6 patients with inactive ulcerative colitis, the colonic metabolism of sulfasalazine and azodisalicylate was studied by equilibrium in vivo dialysis of feces to measure the therapeutically relevant concentrations of their metabolites (5-aminosalicylic acid and N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid) in free fecal water. After oral intake of sulfasalazine (2 g/day) the total luminal concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid and N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid determined by high-performance liquid chromatography were higher (median 14 mmol/L) than previously reported and almost doubled (median 25 mmol/L, p less than 0.05) when sulfasalazine was replaced by the same dose of azodisalicylate. In contrast, the corresponding serum concentrations were negligible. After administration of azodisalicylate to 12 healthy volunteers, a similar distribution of the metabolites was found. In nearly all cases, the concentrations of azodisalicylate in fecal dialysates were below the detection limit (6 mumol/L). We conclude, therefore, that oral azodisalicylate is a highly effective means of delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid to the colonic mucosa. In addition, determination of the active metabolites in free fecal water seems important for the interpretation of results obtained in vitro concerning the mode of drug action.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[A new weaning procedure (inspiratory flow assistance)].

Inspiratory Flow Assistance (IFA) refers to new breathing mode, able to diminish the work of breathing of a patient during spontaneous breathing with a respirator. By combination of IFA with CPAP or IMV it is especially useful during weaning from the respirator. The part of work of breathing done by the respirator. The part of work of breathing done by the respirator is only indirectly determinable. The measurements done on 10 long term ventilated patients during the weaning period show that only an IFA up to an airway pressure of 10 cm H2O above CPAP guarantees mainly spontaneous breathing, while an IFA up to higher airway pressures is more and more similar to an assisted ventilation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Cuff protection for nasotracheal intubation].

The passage of a tube through the nose to the epipharynx is potentially dangerous during the nasotracheal intubation because of the possibility of cuff damage, obstruction of the tube, the impossibility of advancing the tube and contamination. It seems therefore useful to protect the cuff e.g. by a finger stall, but using this procedure complications can occur which are reported. A better solution to protect the cuff will be shown.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[Prevention of complications of the transnasal placement of artificial respiration tubes and catheters].

The anatomical variations of the nose and the nasopharynx concerning the possible complications in placement of transnasal tubes are discussed, such as problems with septal deviations, retropharyngeal or even intracranial aberration. In order to avoid complications attributable to these techniques the use of instruments designed for anterior rhinoscopy is recommended. No convenient and practicable instrument for routine use by an anaesthesiologist has been developed to date.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

The impact of legal termination of pregnancy and of prenatal diagnosis on the birth prevalence of Down syndrome in Denmark.

A considerable reduction in number of livebirths for mothers over 35 was observed in Denmark from 1960 to 1980. Birthrates for those aged 35-39 fell by 58.8%, for those aged 40-44 by 78%. In 1979-1980 100 infants with Down syndrome were born among 116757 newborns, a birth prevalence of 0.86 per 1000, which was significantly lower than the incidence of 1.17 per 1000 when the prenatally diagnosed cases were included. The reduction was noticeable for the age group over 35 where it fell to 1.89 per 1000 for mothers 35-39 and 6.48 per 1000 for mothers over 40. The utilization of prenatal diagnosis was 72 per 100 livebirths for women 35 and older in the Copenhagen area and 56 per 100 livebirths for the rest of the country, with differences in different areas. The number of induced abortions for women 35 years and older was 9265 against 6597 livebirths. The estimated number of Down syndrome cases averted by unrestricted abortion was 61, twice the number prevented by amniocentesis (31), with the greatest impact for mothers over 40. An increased risk of Down syndrome for the age group 35-39 was observed when liveborn and prenatal cases were considered together showing an incidence of 6.89 per 1000, with the highest incidence in the Copenhagen area, 8.70 per 1000, more than double the incidence of 3.04 observed in Copenhagen from 1960 to 1971, for the same age group.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1983

Development of a Danish preventive program for preschoolchildren based on cooperation with key-persons.

Plans to expand public child dental services to include preschoolchildren and the recently established training of dental hygienists in Denmark form the background for the present study. The study was performed in a rural municipality located 35 km north of Aarhus. Public child dental services for schoolchildren (6-16 years of age) had been established for several years and were being planned to include preschoolchildren. In cooperation with the personnel in the Child Dental Service a full-time employed dental hygienist developed a communication network with different categories of key-persons (health nurses, private daycare mothers and nursery school teachers). Close records and diaries were kept during the entire 3-year study period. The paper summarises the experience gained from co-operation with a large number of key-persons and illustrates some of the conditions necessary for a successful process. The effect of the program on dental caries is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Analysis of contemporary and future respiratory therapy].

Up to now there are no systematics of respiratory therapy, although those procedures of "conservative" respiratory therapy are well known since the last century. As ventilation will take over a part or the whole work of breathing of a patient this kind of respiratory therapy must be separated from the conservative therapy procedure, which is the focal point of respiratory therapy. This has been demonstrated by an analysis of respiratory therapy made on two different ICU's. From this analysis a system has been developed encompassing the whole range of respiratory therapy.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1982

Peptide mapping of multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.

Purified multiple forms of 3':5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) were analyzed using two-dimensional tryptic pep]tide mapping of radioiodinated peptides. Comparisons of peptide maps of rat liver insulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase (PDE) with rat brain calmodulin-sensitive PDE suggest that some peptides co-migrate (31-43% co-migration). However, except for a single peptide, bovine retinal rod outer segment PDE, peptide maps appear unrelated to the other two forms (7-12% co-migration). In contrast, peptide maps of a 36,000-dalton proteolysis product of calmodulin-sensitive PDE are highly related to the peptide maps of a rat brain calmodulin-sensitive holoenzyme (73% co-migration). These results suggest that the multiple PDE forms are distinct molecular entities.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1982

Induction of sporulation in Bacillus brevis. 2. Dependence on the presence of the peptide antibiotics tyrocidine and linear gramicidin.

This paper presents evidence that the two peptide antibiotics tyrocidine and linear gramicidin, produced by Bacillus brevis ATCC 8185, are required for the induction of sporulation in the producer organism. When tyrocidine synthesis was specifically blocked with 2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid [Mach, B., Reich, E., and Tatum, E. L. (1963) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 50, 175-181], sporulation and gramicidin synthesis were inhibited, but both processes could be restored by the addition of tyrocidine. Certain other amino acids such as L-tyrosine inhibited both sporulation and peptide antibiotic synthesis in nitrogen-limited cultures. When either tyrocidine or linear gramicidin was added together with L-tyrosine, neither sporulation nor peptide antibiotic synthesis was restored. On the other hand, the addition of both tyrocidine and linear gramicidin effectively reversed the inhibition of sporulation by L-tyrosine. These experiments demonstrate that sporulation of B. brevis depends on either the endogenous synthesis or the addition of both tyrocidine and linear gramicidin. The fact that endogenous as well as exogenous peptides could effect sporulation argues against the involvement of artifacts, such as the depletion of intracellular nucleotide pools caused by the surfactant properties of added peptide antibiotics.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1982

Clinical evaluation of oral methadone in treatment of cancer pain.

A dose-adjustment program for oral methadone and the long-term effects of the analgesic therapy have been evaluated in 15 patients with incurable cancer. Rapid and continuous pain relief without serious side-effects was achieved by "ad libitum" dosage in the first 3-5 days. Thereafter, a dosage based on each patients's subjective need was instituted. The mean daily dose was 44 during the first day and it decreased to 22 mg daily at the end of the dose-adjustment week. Three patients did not complete the program because of insufficient effect or severe nausea. Among the 12 patients who chose to continue the methadone treatment after the initial dose-adjustment period, four continued the therapy to their death, three discontinued the therapy due to insufficient effect, and three due to adverse reactions. In one case it was possible to stop the treatment due to decreased pain. The treatment period in these 12 patients varied between 8 and 270 days. Oral methadone offers good pain relief for long periods of time in this group of patients and has obvious advantages as compared to long term parenteral therapy with narcotic analgesics.

Administration, Oral↗