Biomedical subjects

J Han

Publications and source records attributed to J Han.

499 records · Page 28Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Primary tumors and mediastinal lymph nodes after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy of lung cancer: serial CT findings with pathologic correlation.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the changes of primary tumor and mediastinal lymph nodes on CT after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and to correlate the CT findings with pathology. METHOD: Twenty-one consecutive patients [N2 disease (n = 19) or resectable T4 and N2 disease (n = 2)] with non-small cell lung cancer underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Changes of primary tumor and mediastinal nodes before and after the therapy were assessed using CT. The CT findings were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: With neoadjuvant therapy, decrease in T stage was achieved in 9 of 21 (43%) patients on CT. On pathology, the remaining tumor consisted mostly of fibrosis and necrosis with little proportion of viable tumor cells (mean volume 17%, range 0-55%). Decrease in nodal stage was achieved in 14 of 21 (67%) patients on pathologic examination. Seven patients had cancer cells in mediastinal lymph nodes: in 6 of 9 (67%) patients with adenocarcinoma and 1 of 12 (8%) patients with squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: With neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the remaining tumor consists mostly of fibrosis or necrosis. Decreased nodal stage on pathology is achieved especially in patients with N2 disease of squamous cell carcinoma. The CT findings of the tumor and mediastinal nodes are not helpful in predicting the pathology after the therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary tuberculosis: CT and pathologic correlation.

Typical CT findings of active postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis include centrilobular nodules and branching linear structures (tree-in-bud appearance), lobular consolidation, cavitation, and bronchial wall thickening. The CT findings of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis include calcified nodules or consolidation, irregular linear opacity, parenchymal bands, and pericicatricial emphysema. The typical appearance of primary tuberculosis on CT scans is homogeneous, dense, well-defined segmental or lobar consolidation with enlargement of lymph nodes in the hilum or the mediastinum. Miliary nodules may be seen in primary and postprimary tuberculosis. On CT, tuberculomas appear as a nodule with surrounding satellite nodules and internal cavitation on CT. Atypical radiologic manifestations of tuberculosis, encountered in as many as one third of the cases of adult-onset tuberculosis, are single or multiple nodules or masses, basilar infiltrates, miliary tuberculosis with diffuse bilateral areas of ground-glass opacity, and reversible multiple cysts. Underlying histopathologic findings of typical and atypical CT findings of tuberculosis are caseating granulomas or pneumonia in the active phase and fibrosis and dystrophic calcification in the inactive phase.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A case of alveolar soft part sarcoma with vaginal metastasis: successful control of vaginal bleeding with external beam irradiation.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) of the vagina is an exceptionally rare neoplasm. Furthermore, vaginal metastasis of ASPS has not been reported. A 28-year-old woman with a history of a right thigh mass diagnosed as ASPS excised 8 years ago presented to the emergency room with massive vaginal bleeding and anemia. Biopsy of a vaginal mass revealed that the tumor was a vaginal metastasis of ASPS. For control of intractable bleeding and preventing further transfusions, palliative radiation therapy was planned. She received a total of 39 Gy (daily 3 Gy, using 15-MV photons), and after 6-Gy irradiation, there was no more vaginal bleeding and no more transfusion needed. This is the first case of vaginal metastasis of ASPS reported in the literature that was manifested by intractable vaginal bleeding, which was controlled successfully with radiation therapy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: clinical, histopathologic, and radiologic findings.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is characterized pathologically by a pulmonary neoplasm showing lepidic growth. More than half of all patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma are asymptomatic. The most frequent symptoms and signs are cough, sputum, shortness of breath, weight loss, hemoptysis, and fever. Bronchorrhea is unusual and a late manifestation. Nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma tends to be more localized and has a lower frequency of bronchogenic spread than mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma appears radiographically as a single nodule, segmental or lobar consolidation, or diffuse nodules. At computed tomography (CT), the single nodular form appears as a peripheral nodule or localized ground-glass attenuation with or without consolidation, frequently associated with bubblelike areas of low attenuation and open bronchus signs. The lobar consolidative form may demonstrate the CT angiogram and open bronchus signs. The diffuse nodular form appears as multiple nodules or areas of ground-glass attenuation or consolidation. The single nodular form has a better prognosis than the others but may show false-negative results for malignancy at 2-(fluorine-18) fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of type VI collagen in psammoma bodies: immunofluorescence studies on two fresh human meningiomas.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that psammoma bodies in human meningiomas contain type VI collagen and laminin. STUDY DESIGN: Two fresh human meningiomas were obtained from surgery and the frozen sections examined for type VI collagen and laminin with specific antibodies. RESULTS: Type VI collagen was found on the surface of the psammoma bodies. In addition, it was detected in the interstitial tissues surrounding the tumor cells and on the tumor cells themselves. Laminin was detected mainly in the walls of capillaries and large blood vessels. In contrast, in some psammoma bodies, laminin was detectable internally. Laminin was not found in the interstitial tissues or tumor cells. CONCLUSION: This is the first report to describe the involvement of type VI collagen in psammoma bodies and whorl formations in meningiomas. This specific type of collagen may serve an anchoring function in psammoma body development.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors at nanoscale gate lengths.

The DC and RF performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with nanoscale gate lengths is presented. The layer structures were grown by either metal organic chemical vapor deposition or rf plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Excellent scaling properties were observed as a function of both gate length and width and confirm that these devices are well suited to both high speed switching and power microwave applications.

Aluminum↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor (TGF-beta RII) expression in adenocarcinoma of the lung.

BACKGROUND: TGF-beta type II receptor is considered as one of the tumor suppressor genes, and altered expression of TGF-beta RII has been found in many kinds of cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven NSCLC cell lines and 21 surgically resected NSCLC tissues were obtained. The growth inhibition by TGF-beta 1 was examined by MTT assay. Northern blot and Southern blot analysis were performed for TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta RII in NSCLC cell lines. TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta RII expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 21 surgically resected NSCLC tissues. RESULTS: Six of 7 NSCLC cell lines were resistant to TGF-beta 1. Southern blot analysis for TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta RII showed no genetic changes. However, mRNAs of TGF-beta RII were barely detectable in 3 of 7 cell lines, and mRNAs of TGF-beta 1 were almost undetectable in 2 of 7. IHC revealed decreased TGF-beta RII expression in 6 of 21 surgically resected NSCLC tissues (5 adenocarcinomas, 1 sarcomatoid carcinoma). Being analyzed by the histologic subtypes, TGF-beta RII decreased in 5 of 8 adenocarcinomas but in only 1 of 13 non-adenocarcinomas (p = 0.0139). On the other hand, TGF-beta 1 was expressed at a higher level in 20 of 21 tumors. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that decreased TGF-beta RII expression may play a role in human lung carcinogenesis, especially in adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The essential role of the UA-rich sequence in endotoxin-induced cachectin/TNF synthesis.

Using a series of reporter constructs in which a CAT coding sequence is constitutively transcribed under the influence of the SV40 late promoter but followed by varying portions of the 3'-untranslanted region of TNF, we have shown that the UA-rich element, present in the distal third of the 3'-unstranslated region of TNF, is absolutely required for translational activation of TNF synthesis. Replacement of the UA-rich element by an unrelated sequence of similar length completely abolishes the response. However, the context within which the UA-rich element is presented also appears to be essential, since replacement of flanking portions of 3'-untranslated sequence also blocks the response to LPS. These findings suggest that the primary role of the UA-rich element may consist in its ability to mediate translational activation in response to specific inducing signals.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of N-4-(hydroxycarbophenyl) retinamide as a cancer prevention agent and as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent.

In this review, a retinoid analogue (N-4-hydroxycarbophenyl) retinamide (R11) has been evaluated for its pharmacological and clinical properties. R11 has been studied both as a cancer prevention agent, as well as, a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. R11 alone and in combination with other agents can be used for the treatment of cervical dysplasia or leukemia. This review will examine novel strategies and mechanisms of action for retinoids in the treatment and prevention of cancer.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Premature ventricular contractions: Which ones require treatment?

Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias remains a difficult problem owing to our lack of understanding of etiology, prognosis, and efficacy of various antiarrhythmic agents. Lidocaine appears to prevent ventricular fibrillation during the CCU of myocardial infarction. Warning arrhythmias seen in the CCU do not in actuality accurately warn the clinician of risk of fibrillation. Secondary prevention of sudden death following infarction with antiarrhythmic agents may be of some value. There is little to suggest that drugs available in the United States are efficacious for this use. For the most part, treatment of outpatients with ventricular arrhythmias probably should be confined to those patients with symptomatic arrhythmias or to patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias and other objective evidence of cardiac disease.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases: analysis of 60 cases.

Ninety-one IVDSA and/or IADSA examinations with 192 injections were performed in 60 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), including 31 anatomic anomalies. Axial projection was used in 23 patients. Analysis of the results of this series showed that accurate diagnosis by DSA confirmed by cardiac surgery together with definite diagnosis by DSA were obtained in 54 cases (90%). Two cases of nondiagnosis by DSA resulted from a suboptimal DSA method; four cases of partially accurate or mistaken diagnosis determined by cardiac surgery occurred because the axial view was not used and/or the anomalies were too small to be visualized by DSA. To increase the diagnostic accuracy of DSA in CHD, an optimal method of DSA must be selected according to the position of the anomaly and the hemodynamic data, and the axial view should be used to visualize the anomaly clearly in complex cases. In addition, DSA may fail to define a mild anomaly because of its lower spatial resolution.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of residence in Alzheimer disease special care units on functional outcomes.

CONTEXT: Alzheimer disease special care units (SCUs) in nursing homes are increasingly prevalent, but little is known about their effects on residents' outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of SCU residence on the rates at which residents decline in functional status. DESIGN: A cohort of nursing home residents assessed at multiple points during about 1 year. Facility staff completed all assessments using the Minimum Data Set for Nursing Home Resident Assessment and Care Screening (MDS). SETTING: Medicare- or Medicaid-certified nursing facilities. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: All nursing home residents in 1993 and early 1994 in Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, and South Dakota. Serial MDS assessments of 77337 residents in more than 800 facilities, including 1228 residents in 48 facilities with SCUs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Decline in locomotion, transferring, toileting, eating, dressing, and a summary activities of daily living index; decline in urinary and bowel continence; and significant weight loss. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in the speed of decline for residents in SCUs and traditional units in any of the 9 outcomes. Residents were matched on a variety of characteristics, and subgroup analyses were performed. In none did we observe a pattern of better outcomes among SCU residents. CONCLUSIONS: Although SCUs may have provided unmeasured benefits to families and residents, it does not appear that those benefits included any slowing in the rates of functional decline experienced by individuals with dementia.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Secondary angiosarcoma following irradiation--case report and review of the literature.

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that accounts for 1% to 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas. This paper reports a case of radiation-associated angiosarcoma with a literature review of 66 cases. Twenty-nine years after transabdominal hysterectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy for uterine cervix cancer, cutaneous angiosarcoma developed in the abdominal wall of a 63-year-old woman. She underwent wide excision of the abdominal wall mass, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, and has been alive and well without any evidence of metastasis for 23 months since the initial diagnosis of angiosarcoma. After an intensive literature review, we found 66 cases of radiation-associated angiosarcoma. The most common primary disease was breast cancer (44%), with gynecologic cancer (21%) next. Eighty-five percent of radiation-associated angiosarcomas developed in the cutaneous area. The median age at diagnosis was 65 years, and the median latency period from irradiation to diagnosis was 96 months. The median survival period of 48 patients whose survival lengths could be reviewed was 12 months.

Female↗