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Biomedical subjects

J Hammond

Publications and source records attributed to J Hammond.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pattern of change of bronchomotor tone following reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Comparison between atropine and glycopyrrolate.

Specific airways conductance (s.Gaw) was measured using the forced airflow oscillation method, to study the effect of two regimens, commonly used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade, on bronchomotor tone. Patients who had received neuromuscular blockers and had undergone elective surgery were randomly allocated to receive neostigmine 50 microgram kg-1 given concurrently with either atropine 20 microgram kg-1 (10 patients) or glycopyrrolate 10 microgram kg-1 (10 patients). Before administration, five baseline measurements of s.Gaw were obtained and measurements were then made at intervals of 1 min for the next 10 min. At 3 min there was a significant difference in s.Gaw between the two groups, higher values being found in the atropine group. At 10 min, no significant difference was seen between the groups, although both showed a significant decrease in s.Gaw compared with baseline values (P less than 0.05).

Atropine↗
PubMed1982

An apparent small cluster of choroidal melanoma cases.

Three choroidal melanomas were detected in a 2.5-year period in a small community of 3,592 persons. This small cluster represented an incidence about 20 times that expected (P = .0006). The community has an isolated water supply and very little industry. We determined the incidence of cancer in this and two adjacent communities and found no other unexpectedly high incidence. The three patients had no common exposures. Analyses of air and water from the involved community by mass spectroscopy, chromatography, and Ames (mutagenicity) tests were noncontributory. Nine of 60 mice given community water after weaning developed lens opacities eight to 16 months later; electron microscopy showed an abnormal monolayer of cells on the outer surface of the anterior lens capsule. The genesis of this monolayer was not clear. None of the 30 controls showed such lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

New metabolites in isovaleric acidemia.

Two metabolites, 4-hydroxyisovaleric acid and mesaconic acid, have been identified and quantified in the urine of a patient with isovaleric acidemia. These compounds do not appear to have been reported previously as being components of human metabolism. In addition, large quantities of 3-methylbutyrolactone, the lactone of 4-hydroxyisovaleric acid, were observed in the volatile profile obtained by headspace chromatography. The demonstration of 4-hydroxyisovaleric acid supports the contention that urinary methylsuccinic acid seen in patients with isovaleric acidemia has arisen by omega-oxidation of isovaleric acid. The identification of mesaconic acid may indicate that the methylsuccinic acid formed in these patients is subject to further metabolism.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1981

Two new sulphur-containing amino acids in man.

Two unusual sulphur-containing amino acids have been isolated from urine of a baby who died with major physical malformations and failure of growth and development. Sensitive mass spectrometric methods were used to identify the nanomole quantities of the compounds available as S-(2-carboxypropyl)-cysteine and S-(2-carboxypropyl)-cysteamine. Incubation of fibroblasts in either [14C]Valine or [35S]cysteine resulted in radioactive labelling of the compounds, suggesting their origin from conjugation of methacrylic acid with cysteine and subsequent decarboxylation of the cysteine conjugate. Specific assay of methacrylyl-CoA hydratase is needed for final proof that this is a new inborn error of that enzyme, but these findings and parental consanguinity make this very likely. It seems possible that methacrylic acid or one of its derivatives may have caused the malformations present in the baby.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Single midluteal progesterone assay in the management of ovulatory infertility.

A midluteal (five to ten days before the onset of the next period) single serum progesterone measurement, used routinely to assess luteal function, revealed, in 48 infertile women, values lower than 10 to 15 ng/ml. Clomid alone or with human chorionic gonadotropin (HGC) was used in their treatment. Twenty-six (58%) women successfully conceived on Clomid or Clomid and HCG. Progesterone measurements before and during treatment showed that values of midluteal progesterone increased from a pretreatment mean of +/- SD of 9.0 +/- 5.9 to 27.3 +/- 10.3 ng/ml during conception cycles. The single progesterone measurement at midluteal phase is a useful guide in the management of ovulatory infertility.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1980

Radioimmunoassay of human pancreatic amylase in serum and urine.

The purification of human pancreatic amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and the development of a radioimmunoassay for this enzyme is described. The enzyme was purified from a normal pancreas obtained at autopsy and antibodies were produced in rabbits. The purified pancreatic amylase was radioiodinated and the radioimmunassay was developed. Analytic recoveries in serum and urine specimens were 99 and 96%, respectively, and day-to-day precision was less than 10%. The assay gave a 20% cross-reactivity with salivary amylase.

Amylases↗
PubMed1979

The identification of 3-keto-2-methylvaleric acid and 3-hydroxy-2-methylvaleric acid in a patient with propionic acidemia.

Two abnormal metabolites, 3-keto-2-methylvaleric acid and 3-hydroxy-2-methylvaleric acid, have been identified and quantitated in the urine of a child with propionic acidemia. These metabolites may be produced as a result of the self-condensation of propionyl-CoA. Data are presented to show that the unusual ketone, 3-pentanone, which has been observed previously in the urine of patients with propionic acidemia, is produced as a result of the decarboxylation of 3-keto-2-methylvaleric acid.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗
PubMed1979

Abnormal deoxyribose metabolites in the urine of a child with a possible new inborn error of metabolism.

The urinary extract of a child investigated because of strabismus was found to contain large amounts of a compound which was identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as 2-deoxyerythropentono-1,4-lactone. This lactone has not been observed previously in urinary extracts. When ion-exchange chromatography was used to isolate the organic acids from urine, the major peaks obtained by gas chromatography were shown to be 2-deoxyerythropentonic acid, 2-deoxyerythropentono-1,5-lactone and 2-deoxyerythropentono-1,4,lactone. Another abnormal metabolite, 2-deoxyribitol, was also excreted by the patient although this compound could not be detected in the urine of normal children. It is proposed that these unusual compounds accumulate in the urine of this child as a result of a defect in the catabolism of 2-deoxyribose.

Deoxyribose↗
PubMed1979

Role of bacterial growth rates in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of urinary infections in women.

The mean minimum generation time in shake culture in urine of 6 urinary isolates of Escherichia coli (21.7 +/- 0.6 min) was significantly shorter (P = 0.0003) than that of 14 isolates of less common urinary pathogens (46.0 +/- 18.6 min). Mixed populations of approximately equal numbers of E. coli cells paired with other urinary, fecal, and urethral organisms were introduced into a laboratory model of the lower human urinary tract. This model used urine as a medium and reproduced some features of the balance between bacterial growth and the flushing effect of urine. After 24 h E. coli formed greater than or equal to 99% of the bacterial population in the bladder model for 16 our of 18 pairs of isolates examined. Relatively high oxygen tensions in urine sample from 18 healthy women (10.9 +/- 22. kPA) and 18 infected patients (8.0 +/- 4.3 kPa) may explain why anaerobic urinary infections are uncommon. The rapid growth rate of E. coli may be one explanation why it is the commonest cause of urinary infection even though it is relatively uncommon at the urethral meatus.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Luteal deficiency among women with normal menstrual cycles, requesting reversal of tubal sterilization.

Forty women with normal menstrual cycles who had been sterilized by tubal ligation or electrocoagulation requested tubal reconstruction. As part of their preoperative evaluation, progesterone measurements were obtained in the midluteal phase (5-10 days before the next menstrual period). This group of women had a significantly lower (P less than 0.005) mean midluteal progesterone level (9.4 +/- 4.7 ng/ml) than a control group of 24 women with infertile male partners attending the same clinic (17.4 +/- 7.1 ng/ml). In 25 (62%) of the sterilized women, progesterone levels were less than 10 ng/ml, whereas in the control group such low values were found in only 4 (17%) of the women. Thus, reduced midluteal serum progesterone concentration appears more common among women with prior tubal ligation or electrocoagulation than among a control population of apparently normal women.

Adult↗