A year of heightened awareness for OH. Interview by Helen Kogan.
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Europe↗
Biomedical subjects
J Hammer
Publications and source records attributed to J Hammer.
Plasma cell granuloma of the lung: associated laboratory findings and ultrastructural evidence of inflammatory origin.
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Child↗
High expression of the HNK-1/L2 carbohydrate epitope in the major glycoproteins of shark myelin.
The major 24- and 28-kDa glycoproteins in shark PNS and CNS myelin express high levels of the adhesion-associated HNK-1/L2 carbohydrate epitope. The 28-kDa protein, but not the 24-kDa protein, cross-reacts strongly with one of two anti-bovine P0 antisera not previously tested against fish myelin proteins. Shark PNS and CNS myelin also contains smaller amounts of high-molecular-weight HNK-1-positive proteins, including a prominent broad band in the 65-85-kDa range. Although myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is well known to react with HNK-1 in some mammals, monoclonal and polyclonal anti-MAG antibodies did not react with the high-molecular-weight HNK-1-positive material in shark myelin, a result suggesting that it is not a MAG-like protein. The high expression of the HNK-1/L2 epitope in glycoproteins of shark myelin, including the major P0-related ones, suggests that this adhesion-related carbohydrate structure may have had an important role in the molecular evolution of the myelinating process.
Animals↗
Expression of the myelin-associated glycoprotein in cultures of immortalized Schwann cells.
Although the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) cannot be detected in primary cultures of rat Schwann cells in the absence of neurons, MAG expression was demonstrated in some lines of cultured Schwann cells that had been immortalized by repetitive passaging. Radioimmunoassay of one such Schwann cell line, S-16, showed a remarkably high MAG concentration of about 1 ng/microgram of total protein, a level that is comparable to the MAG concentration in adult sciatic nerve. The S-16 cells divide very rapidly, are rounder than normal Schwann cells, and elaborate many processes after reaching high density. The cells are galactocerebroside positive, but express little or no P0 glycoprotein or myelin basic protein. As in nerve, the MAG synthesized by the cultured cells is primarily the shorter isoform (S-MAG). Furthermore, the posttranslational processing resembles that occurring in vivo including a similar degree of glycosylation, sulfation of oligosaccharides, and phosphorylation of the polypeptide. The sensitivity of MAG to treatment of the intact cells with trypsin or neuraminidase, as well as surface labeling with [3H]borohydride reduction after periodate oxidation, demonstrated that most of the MAG expressed by the S-16 cells is located on the cell surface. This line of immortalized Schwann cells expressing a remarkably high level of MAG should be useful for investigating the cell biology and function of this glycoprotein.
Animals↗
[Effect of gastrointestinal hormones on duodenal motility in acute experiments].
In this study was observed the influence of Pancreozymin, Secretin, Glucagon, Pentagastrin and Somatostatin on the motility of duodenum in 256 seances in acute experiments on 12 dogs before and after truncal vagotomy and on 20 Wistar rats. As a control we used the return of the parameters of electrical and motor activity to their original levels. The reaction was registered with the help of electromyography, using bipolar electrodes and with measurement of intraluminal pressure, using open-tip catheter technique. Spike-activity was graphically presented and statistically performed. It was shown, that Secretin and Glucagon caused relaxation of duodenum, but Pentagastrin, Pancreozymin and Somatostatin stimulated duodenal motility with spastic component and gradual phasic character of a process. After truncular vagotomy the reaction to Pancreozymin and Pentagastrin was slowly, to Glucagon strongly reduced, but the reaction to Secretin was extended. We observed after TV either no reaction or a diminished reaction to Somatostatin. This study serves as experimental basis for use of gastrointestinal hormones and electromyography for diagnosis and therapy of motility disorders of duodenum in surgical practice.
Animals↗
[Effects of pentagastrin and somatostatin on duodenal motility in chronic experiments].
Electromyography of the duodenums was performed in dogs, using two bipolar electrodes placed 5 and 10 cm aborally of the pylorus on the serosa of the duodenums. 10 days after implantation and 24 hours after the last meal the duodenal motility was registered in 9 bastard dogs for 5 hours. Pentagastrin, given as a 1-hour intravenous infusion, changed the interdigestive motility to an irregular (postprandial) pattern, which continued up to the end of measurement or was followed by a prolonged phase III with return to cyclic activity. Infusion of somatostatin for 1 hour interrupted the interdigestive motility leading to a prolonged phase I pattern and to partial discoordination. After the end of infusion phase III motility returning to cyclic activity or irregular activity were registered. A standard relaparotomy 10 days after implantation was performed in 3 dogs. Up to the second day of the postoperative period interdigestive cycles of duodenal motility were not obtained.
Animals↗
[Plasma cell granuloma of the lung].
Isolated primary tumors of the lung are rarely seen in childhood and are benign in one third of the patients. Plasma cell granulomas represent the most common benign tumor of the lung in this age group. Histologically, the tumor is characterized by the various components of a chronic inflammation or granulation tissue. Frozen sections can pose difficulties in the differentiation between a malignant and benign process. In view of the case history of our patient we set out to demonstrate that a knowledge of the clinical picture and a correct interpretation of associated laboratory findings facilitate diagnosis. To our knowledge we describe for the first time the ultrastructural findings of so-called "microtubule-reticular structures" giving further evidence of the inflammatory origin of this lesion.
Child↗
[Percutaneous and interstitial radiotherapy in the function-preserving treatment of laryngeal carcinoma].
Since September 1986 an Ir-192 source with a high dose rate has been used for interstitial boosting of the tumor-bearing vocal cord in the organ-preserving management of larynx carcinoma. The combined percutaneous and interstitial treatment has been administered either as the primary treatment or after incomplete removal of the tumour (stripping). So far 16 patients with 18 vocal cord tumors have been treated. 9 patients presented with a T1-tumour, and 7 patients presented with a T2-stage (2 patients presented with tumours on both cords). All patients refused surgical interventions, 4 of them refused cord stripping too. The treatment method included external radiotherapy with a dose of 4600 to 5000 cGy to the larynx. 1 to 2 weeks after external XRT an interstitial implant into the vocal cord was performed. Using 2 needles per cord, a boost dose of 1000 cGy was given to the tumour area. The median follow-up time is 21.3 months (range 5 to 49, calculated October 1990). So far no local or regional failures occurred. None of the patients had intra- or postoperative complications. All patients have preserved their voice, 2 of them present with a mild hoarseness. Concerning the late effects, 1 patient developed a mild submental edema, 1 patient presents with telangiectasia on the treated vocal cord. The number of patients is very low, but the psycho-social aspects of preserving the ability to speak is of high value.
Brachytherapy↗
[Iodine-125 seed implantation in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma].
From February 1981 until August 1984 20 patients (group A) with localized prostate cancer were treated by radical pelvic lymphadenectomy and direct 125-Iodine seed implantation. From September 1984 until January 1988 51 patients (group B) underwent a modified diagnostic pelvic lymphadenectomy: four weeks later the transperineal seed implantation, guided by rectal ultrasound, followed. The follow-up period in group A is 90 months (range 72 to 114), in group B 48 months (range 30 to 70). Nine patients of group A presented with a progression of disease, four died with/of disease. Ten patients of group B developed distant metastases, three of them presented with both, distant disease and local recurrence: one patient died of disease. The Kaplan-Meier five-year survival probability is 82.3% in group A, and 96.5% in group B: the disease-free survival 62.3% and 75.2% respectively. The probability of local control is 78% in group A and 93.5% in group B. In group A there is a higher incidence of complications compared to group B, in particular concerning edemas of the legs and the genital region. The rate of impotence after seed implantation is very low (2/57 = 3.5%).
Aged↗
[Combined external and interstitial radiotherapy of vocal cord carcinoma].
Since 1984 an Ir-192 source with a high dose rate has been used for interstitial implants, and since 1986 in the treatment of the tumor-bearing vocal cord in the organ-preserving management of larynx carcinoma. The combined percutaneous and interstitial treatment has been administered either as the primary treatment or after incomplete removal of the tumour. So fat 16 patients have been treated, two of them presented with tumours on both cords. All patients refused radical surgical interventions, four of them refused cord stripping too. The treatment method included external radiotherapy with a dose of 4600 to 5000 cGy to the larynx. One to two weeks after external XRT an interstitial implant into the vocal cord followed. Using two needles per cord, a boost dose of 1000 cGy was given to the tumour area. The median follow-up time is 21.3 months (range five to 49, calculated October 1990). So far no local or regional failures occurred. None of the patients had intra- or postoperative complications. All patients have preserved their voice. No severe late effects could be observed. The number of patients is very low, but the preservation of voice is high psychosocial value.
Brachytherapy↗
[Percutaneous and intracavitary radiotherapy of non-operated cervix carcinoma].
At the Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern in Linz 153 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix in the stages I to III have been treated from August 1980 to December 1985. In 146 patients (95.4%) complete remission could be achieved. The 5-years overall survival probability (Kaplan-Mayer) in the stages I to III is 79.3%, 62.6% and 40.8% respectively. The 5-years recurrence free survival rate is 91.5%, 59.6% and 52.9% respectively. These results are equivalent to the data achieved by treatments with Radium application. Using the high-dose-rate afterloading method the complication rate is lower.
Adult↗
[The importance of C-peptide determination in the treatment and prognosis of type II diabetes].
The concentration of C peptide which is an indicator of the secretory capacity of the beta-cells of the pancreas was assessed in 109 patients with type II diabetes, hospitalized on account of prolonged difficulties as regards compensation. The values on fasting, the maximal values after stimulation following an experimental meal and increments were greater than in age- and weight-matched controls. In diabetic patients some highly significant relationships were revealed between the C peptide concentration on fasting and indicators of the risk of ischaemic heart disease [IHD]. They included HDL cholesterol, the body mass index and uric acid. The relationship between the maximal C peptide concentration and serum sodium may be associated with a greater disposition for hypertension. Thirty-one patients with symptoms of an ischaemic myocardial lesion had a significantly elevated C peptide concentration on fasting. The increments of C peptide concentration after an alimentary stimulus correlated indirectly with indicators of the actual and long-term compensation of diabetes. In relation to the reduced increments also the need of insulin therapy was reflected. Data obtained by examination of the C peptide concentration in the blood of type II diabetics can contribute to the objectivization of needs of insulin treatment and to the detection of the link between cardiovascular risk and hyperinulinaemia.
C-Peptide↗
The evolution of a literature search schema for consultation/liaison psychiatry: the database and its computerization.
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Curriculum↗
Preclinical abortions: incidence and significance in the Norfolk in vitro fertilization program.
Clinical and prognostic significance of preclinical abortions in assisted reproduction is ill defined. Strict diagnostic criteria include a transient and synchronous elevation of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estradiol, and progesterone levels 13 days after hCG administration, ending in a bleeding episode no more than 14 days after the missed period. The preclinical abortion study group (54 patients, 178 cycles) was compared with matched control groups A (54 patients, 132 cycles) and B (54 patients, 155 cycles), representing normal term pregnancies and all outcomes, respectively. Control group C included the overall population during the study period. The abortion rate per transfer (preclinical abortion and total miscarriage rates) and total pregnancy wastage in the study group were significantly higher; the ongoing pregnancy rate was significantly lower. Preclinical abortion should be considered as a true reproductive failure with similar implications.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Perceptions of body image and health status in persons with mitral valve prolapse.
Twenty subjects with diagnosed Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) were interviewed regarding self-care needs. Transcripts were analyzed for evidence of perceived health state and altered body image. The majority of subjects described experiences indicating that their perceptions of body image and health state were affected by the diagnosis of MVP. Using Smith's (1981) four categories of health perceptions, most subjects were judged to perceive their health state from a combination of clinical, role-performance and adaptive perspectives.
Adolescent↗
[Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinism, atherosclerosis].
The paper deals with a group of 117 patients with clearly defined clinical signs of atherosclerosis following myocardial infarction appearing in middle age, analyzes relationship between indicators of saccharide metabolism and cardiovascular morbidity within a ten-year period, and discusses its potential cause. Fasting levels taken at 120 minutes after the administration of glucose and the sum of the fasting level and three stimulated levels of blood sugar, or insulin (IRI), were compared with 54 controls as well as within the group of patients. Compared with the control group, the patients had glycemia levels elevated. In the group of patient with ischaemic heart disease (glycemia levels especially the sum but also glycemias at 120 min.) were elevated in persons with signs of ischaemic disease of lower extremities, with hypertension, in cases with increased serum triacylglyceroles, with increased energy intake (including fasting levels). The sum of insulin kept increasing in cases with familial disposition to atherosclerosis, with clinical progression of atherosclerosis over a period of 5 years (non-fatal reinfarctions). This had a highly significant correlation with linoleic acid in total serum lipids suggesting correlation with cardiovascular morbidity. This finding stresses the necessity of a comprehensive view of deviations in sacharide metabolism, especially as regards the relationship between elevated glycemia and cardiovascular morbidity, and between insulin and mortality-causing factors.
Arteriosclerosis↗
[Cardiac arrhythmia following total correction of tetralogy of Fallot].
41 patients after surgical correction of the tetralogy of Fall of aged 2-24 years (mean 11.2 y.) were followed for 12-65 months (mean 39.5 m.) for known or suspected dysrhythmias. 24-hour ambulatory ECG and exercise testing demonstrated nonsignificant ventricular ectopy (grade 0-1 according to a modified Lown classification) in 28 patients (group I) and significant (grade 2-5) ventricular dysrhythmias in the remaining 13 patients (group II). There were 2 cases of sudden late death in group II, whereas all patients in group I are alive. The victims of sudden death had no, other serious dysrhythmias and received no antiarrhythmic treatment. Ejection fraction of the functional part of the right ventricle estimated by radionuclide angiocardiography was not different in both groups whereas, global right ventricular ejection fraction differed nearly significantly (group I: 39.6 +/- 8.3%, group II: 31.9 +/- 10.4%, p = 0.052). Thus, a diminished global right ventricular ejection fraction caused by an extensive resection and large patch in the right ventricular outflow tract may be connected with the occurrence of higher grades of ventricular ectopy. These may lead to sudden late death.
Adolescent↗
Involvement of a cis-element that binds an H2TF-1/NF kappa B like factor(s) in the virus-induced interferon-beta gene expression.
Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene is transcriptionally activated following virus infection of various cell types such as fibroblasts. In the previous studies, regulatory DNA sequences that mediate the virus-induced transcriptional activation have been identified within the 5'-flanking region (up to around -117 respect to the CAP site) of the human IFN-beta gene. The sequences contain binding sites (-100 to -61) for a transcriptional activator, IRF-1, the gene of which is also virus-inducible. In the present study, we focused on an additional cis-element, located between the IRF-1 binding sites and TATA box. Interestingly, the element coincides with the previously identified elements for the transcription factors H2TF-1 and NF kappa B. The element, when tandemly repeated, functions in activating the distal gene expression in either constitutive or virus-inducible manner depending on the cell type. The results suggest the importance of cooperation between IRF-1 and H2TF-1/NF kappa B-like factor in the maximal IFN-beta gene induction.
Animals↗