Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Haluszka

Publications and source records attributed to J Haluszka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Analysis of expiratory pattern for monitoring bronchial obstruction in school-age children.

This study was designed to assess the validity of the percent of volume expired at tidal peak flow (dV/Vt) as an indicator of bronchial obstruction in school-age children. We analyzed 126 dV/Vt ratios and compared them with spirometric and plethysmographic results measured in 24 healthy (14 males) and 60 asthmatic (41 males) children; 42 of them underwent measurements before and after bronchial challenge with histamine. The two groups differed in resistance, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and forced expiratory flows, as percents of predicted (FEV1: 94.6 +/- 2.4% in controls vs 86.7 +/- 1.6% in asthmatics; P less than 0.001). They did not differ in peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity, functional residual capacity, measured by body plethysmography, and in dV/Vt. The dV/Vt was found to correlate with FEV1 (r = 0.58, P less than 0.001), PEF (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001), and other lung function parameters. Forty-two of the asthmatic children performed a bronchoprovocation histamine test. The fall of dV/Vt after histamine was significantly correlated (r = 0.61, P less than 0.001) with the variation in FEV1 and other lung function parameters. We conclude that dV/Vt is a good indicator of bronchial obstruction, as useful in school-age children as in adults and infants, with no need for the subject's cooperation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intrinsic PEEP and arterial PCO2 in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation and intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi) are known to play an important role in causing acute respiratory failure in COPD patients. In the present study, we have explored (1) the prevalence and magnitude of PEEPi in stable COPD patients, and (2) the correlation of PEEPi with respiratory mechanics and PaCO2. In 96 stable COPD patients with varying degrees of airway obstruction, we measured pulmonary flow resistance (RL), dynamic lung compliance (CLdyn), breathing pattern, arterial blood gases, and dynamic PEEPi. Dynamic PEEPi was determined as a negative deflection in esophageal pressure from the start of inspiratory effort to the onset of inspiratory flow. A significant correlation was found between dynamic PEEPi and FEVi (% predicted; r = -0.56, p less than 0.001), between PEEPi and RL (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001), and between PaCO2 and PEEPi (r = 0.6, p less than 0.001). These results indicate that increased severity of airway obstruction promotes PEEPi and concomitant dynamic hyperinflation. This implies increased inspiratory work in the face of decreased effectiveness of the inspiratory muscles as pressure generators. The present results suggest that dynamic hyperinflation may play a role in causing chronic hypoventilation in COPD patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A correction formula for computing specific airway resistance from a single-step measurement.

Specific airway resistance (SRaw) is conventionally determined by multiplying the plethysmographically measured values of airway resistance and functional residual capacity (FRC). An alternative single-step method, which avoids the need for airway occlusion during determination of FRC, has been described by Dab and Alexander. The single-step method provides no correction for resistance or dead space of the apparatus and, as a result, systematically overestimates SRaw. Using 1,000 paired measurements, it was possible to compute a formula for correcting the single-step measurement. This correction formula can be adjusted and applied to measurements made in any laboratory. The unlimited applicability of the proposed correction has been demonstrated by 234 plethysmographic measurements made in the Pediatric Clinic in Rome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Failure of static pulmonary volume measurements in mucoviscidosis].

With worsening of bronchial obstruction during the course of cystic fibrosis the functional residual capacity (CRF) measured by plethysmography increases progressively. The difference between values of CRF obtained by plethysmography or by Helium dilution increases even more. The difference between the two methods (for CRF) is supposed to show the volume of "trapped"' gas. A similar outcome, although less marked, is observed after physiotherapy. The extent of pulmonary distention and gas trapping is markedly overestimated by plethysmographic measurements, when one considers the anatomical and radiological anomalies. It was recently suggested that the rise in compliance of the walls of the extra-thoracic airways in the presence of bronchial obstruction may lead to an over-estimation of the pulmonary volumes measured by plethysmography. This may be the case during the course of mucoviscidosis, when repeated infections lead to a destruction of the bronchial walls. However, this anomaly does not explain this rise in CRF after mucolytic treatment and postural drainage. The CRF seems to reflect not only the volume of trapper gas in the lung, but equally the failure to equalize the interior pressures of the obstructed airways. In order to appreciate the effects of respiratory physiotherapy, different methods of measuring pulmonary volumes are necessary but the interpretation of the results take account of the complex meterology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Does airways obstruction in children with asthma bronchial persist in the symptomfree interval? (author's transl)].

There is no doubt that asthmatic attack is creating symptoms of long-lasting obstruction. In symptom-free period many functional tests are quite normal. The most distinct changes found in that period of the diseases are the loss of elastic recoil and a raise of static compliance. This suggests that obstruction of any part of the airways cannot persist over the period of attacks.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1976

[The use of inhalation tests for the diagnostick of chronic bronchitis in children (author's transl)].

In chronic non-specific lung diseases (CNSLD) an increased bronchial reaction to histamine aerosol inhalation is already well known. It was decided then to study the reactivity of bronchi to histamine inhalation in children within the epidemiological investigation on the influence of air pollution on the respiratory system of children. The aim of the study was to determine how in healthy population of children, living only in differently polluted environments, the frequency of the positive tests correlates with history of lung diseases, some pathological symptoms, level of air pollution etc. Results of the inhalation tests were also compared with other functional results of respiratory system, like: spirometrical, pneumo-tachographical, body-plethysmographical measurements, tests of mechanics of respiration, determination of lung transfer factor for CO etc. Numerous other laboratory determinations (level of alpha-antitrypsine, and x-ray examinations) were also performed and compared with the inhalation tests. In spite of expectations in the so called epidemiological "positives" as absolute lack of reaction to histamine was observed more frequently. Children with initial airways resistances were also weeker reacting to histamine provocation. Some parameters of lung function in children with hyperreactivity to histamine proved to be initially somewhat worse. The authors assume that some environmental factors may influence by occurrence the reactivity of air-ways provocation by inhalation. The need of general agreement and unification for the technique and interpretation of provocation tests was stressed out. The usefulness of the application of inhalatory tests in epidemiological studies on healthy populations needs further discussion.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1975

Bronchial lability in children suffering from some diseases of the bronchi.

The authors studied bronchial reactivity in children with cystic fibrosis and with deformative bronchitis. The reaction of the bronchi was studied both by inhalatory and exercise provocation. Inhalatory tests were monitored by means of a whole body plethysmograph. Free-range run was used for the exercise test, and the peak expiratory flow rate was measured. The described technique of inhalatory tests was accurate, safe, and not tiring for the patient. No distinct difference in bronchial reaction between the two groups of patients could be stated. The bronchial reaction to the inhalatory and exercise tests was stronger in both groups than in normals but not as strong as in asthmatics. The nature of bronchial hyperreactivity in those patients is still unknown. The inhalatory test seems to be more sensitive than the exercise test in detecting that hyperreactivity.

Airway Resistance↗