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Biomedical subjects

J Hahn

Publications and source records attributed to J Hahn.

208 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Religious struggle as a predictor of mortality among medically ill elderly patients: a 2-year longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Although church attendance has been associated with a reduced risk of mortality, no study has examined the impact of religious struggle with an illness on mortality. OBJECTIVE: To investigate longitudinally the relationship between religious struggle with an illness and mortality. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study from 1996 to 1997 was conducted to assess positive religious coping and religious struggle, and demographic, physical health, and mental health measures at baseline as control variables. Mortality during the 2-year period was the main outcome measure. Participants were 596 patients aged 55 years or older on the medical inpatient services of Duke University Medical Center or the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC. RESULTS: After controlling for the demographic, physical health, and mental health variables, higher religious struggle scores at baseline were predictive of greater risk of mortality (risk ratio [RR] for death, 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.11; chi(2) = 5.89; P =.02). Two spiritual discontent items and 1 demonic reappraisal item from the religious coping measure were predictive of increased risk for mortality: "Wondered whether God had abandoned me" (RR for death, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07-1.50; chi(2) = 5.22; P =.02), "Questioned God's love for me" (RR for death, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02-1.43; chi(2) = 3.69; P =.05), and "Decided the devil made this happen" (RR for death, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.33; chi(2) = 5.84; P =.02). CONCLUSIONS: Certain forms of religiousness may increase the risk of death. Elderly ill men and women who experience a religious struggle with their illness appear to be at increased risk of death, even after controlling for baseline health, mental health status, and demographic factors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiologic evaluation of irradiated cartilage grafts on the facial skeleton of sheep.

Augmentation mentoplasty is a commonly performed procedure for correction of retrognathia and microgenia. Implantable Silastic prostheses have become the mainstay of therapy, but have some disadvantages. One of the most important complications is erosion of the underlying mandible. An attempt was made to produce an experimental animal model to test the efficacy of irradiated costochondral cartilage in this regard. In order to prevent a biological material from eroding the underlying bone, the irradiated sheep cartilage grafts were placed subperiosteally, deep to a pair of large muscles of facial expression in five Suffolk sheep. Irradiated cartilage was used as the test material and merthiolate-treated cartilage as the control. Only 1 of the 20 grafts showed any absorption after 1 year, and this was only 1 mm in depth. Because of the meager amount of absorption of irradiated cartilage grafts, the ease with which they can be carved, and their ready availability, they would appear to be ideal implants for chin augmentation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses' attitudes and beliefs toward assisted suicide in AIDS.

This report of a 1995 survey presents data regarding nurses' attitudes and beliefs about assisted suicide in AIDS. The authors surveyed 428 nurses working at facilities serving AIDS patients in the San Francisco Bay Area, using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. They received 215 responses (50%). There was a high level of agreement with statements that place assisted suicide in the context of humane action to relieve suffering. An AIDS diagnosis did not change respondents' attitudes toward assisted suicide, although many nurses said that the relentless suffering and specific nature of the AIDS epidemic did influence their thinking.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new technique for intraoperative monitoring of spinal cord function: multichannel recording of spinal cord and subcortical evoked potentials.

A new technique for intraoperative monitoring of spinal cord function is described. Evoked potentials to peripheral nerve stimulation are recorded with interspinous ligament needles from below and from two or more levels above the surgery. Simultaneously subcortical potentials are recorded with scalp electrodes from cervical-scalp derivations. Simultaneous recordings from multiple levels (below and above the surgical procedure) permit reliable differentiation between technical problems and alteration of cord function due to the surgical procedure. The interspinous ligament technique for recording of spinal potentials has significant advantages over previous monitoring techniques. One case in which monitoring during surgery detected a reversible acute spinal cord dysfunction is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basal temporal subdural electrodes in the evaluation of patients with intractable epilepsy.

In evaluation of patients with complex partial seizures who are candidates for surgical treatment, exact definition of the epileptogenic focus is essential for a good surgical outcome. We report a new technique which permits detailed mapping of the epileptogenic activity in the basal temporal lobe and the convexity of the temporal lobe. The technique consists of placement of at least 16 basal temporal electrodes and an additional 64 electrodes covering the temporal convexity. This extensive coverage permits accurate definition of the limits of the epileptogenic focus and also of adjacent functional areas and therefore allows more significant determination than have previous techniques of the ideal extent of the surgical resection. This accuracy cannot be achieved with depth electrodes or the limited coverage provided by previously reported epidural or subdural electrode techniques.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Animal behavioral reactions, adrenocortical activity and brain energy metabolism under the action of propylnorantifein].

Behavioral reactions induced in white rats by propylnorantifein were studied by the tests of an open field, passive avoidance and self-stimulation from the medial bundle of the fore brain and Raffe suture. Biochemical analysis was done on the content of corticosteroids in blood plasma and that of glycogen and creatine phosphate in brain tissue. Propylantifein in a dose of 5 mg/kg was shown to decrease the self-stimulation, to change the emotional memory in response to pain stimulation, to increase the concentration of corticosteroids in blood plasma. During 3 hr after the drug administration brain tissue demonstrated the decreased glycogen content and particular, drastically reduced the drug action. It is suggested that propylantifein may activate the adenylcyclase system in brain tissue.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Optimization of embryo production in cattle by aspiration of the fluid from large follicles before induction of superovulation with the assistance of an ovary puncture cannula].

During a field study at the Besamungsverein Neustadt a.d. Aisch rectal palpable large follicles were eliminated in 167 selected donor cows prior to superovulation induction. For this purpose a so-called "Ovarpunktionskanüle" was used, which allows after vaginal introduction the aspiration of follicle fluid from a rectal fixed ovary. From 152 flushed donor cows an average of 11.0 viable embryos was recovered. Using fresh semen from one problem bull for insemination of donors 13.2 viable embryos per flushing were collected in relation to 4.1 using frozen semen. At the same time the rate of unfertilized ova dropped from 9.8 to 3.5. The follicle aspiration with a so-called "Ovarpunktionskanüle" prior to superovulation induction is-from a practical viewpoint-superior to the dominant follicle removing with the help of transrectal ultrasonography.

Animals↗