Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Haddad

Publications and source records attributed to J Haddad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Lymphocytic sialadenitis of Sjögren's syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease.

Viral infection has often been suggested as a possible cause of Sjögren's syndrome or chronic lymphocytic sialadenitis, and Epstein-Barr virus has been found in the salivary glands of patients with this condition. After we had noted Sjögren's syndrome in several patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), a virus also excreted in saliva, we set up a prospective study to investigate the association of chronic lymphocytic sialadenitis, with or without symptoms, to chronic HCV liver disease. The histological appearances of labial salivary glands in patients with proven HCV hepatitis or cirrhosis were compared with those in dead controls. Histological changes characteristic of Sjögren's syndrome were significantly more common in HCV-infected patients (16 of 28, 57%) compared with controls (1 of 20, 5%). Focal lymphocytic sialadenitis characteristic of Sjögren's syndrome (though only 10 patients had xerostomia and none complained of xerophthalmia) appears to be common in patients with chronic HCV liver disease; if this association is confirmed, identification of the underlying mechanism may improve our understanding of both disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Infections of the ears, nose, and throat in children with primary immunodeficiencies.

Children who suffer from primary immunodeficiencies have long been thought to be subject to infections of the ears, nose, and throat due to unusual or resistant organisms. A retrospective chart review was undertaken at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh from 1979 to 1989 to determine the types and frequency of infections of the ears, nose, and throat, and the bacteriologic findings from cultures of the sinuses, ears, and head and neck abscesses, when obtained. Seventy-five patients were identified with primary immunodeficiencies, and 80% suffered from infections of the ears, nose, and throat. Cultures obtained from 33% of the group showed the majority of the organisms commonly seen in ear and sinus infections. We conclude from this study that children with primary immunodeficiencies who require hospitalization frequently have an infection of the ears, nose, and throat, and that the infection is usually caused by community acquired bacteria. Empiric treatment may therefore be directed to common organisms causing these infections.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1992

Periventricular haemorrhagic infarction associated with subependymal germinal matrix haemorrhage in the premature newborn. Report of two cases.

Two cases of unilateral subependymal germinal matrix haemorrhage associated with homolateral periventricular haemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) are reported in two premature newborns. This association is rather rare. Indeed, PVHI occurs generally with large intraventricular haemorrhage. Diagnosis is made by brain imaging (ultrasound, MRI) scans and single photon emission computed tomography. PVHI is probably caused by obstruction of periventricular venous drainage by large intraventricular haemorrhage leading to a haemorrhagic venous infarction. From our cases, we conclude that extraventricular haemorrhage leading to a large subependymal haematoma can result in obstruction of periventricular venous drainage, subsequent PVHI and abnormal neuromotor development.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1992

[Medical treatment of chylous effusions in newborn infants. Apropos of 3 cases].

BACKGROUND: Chylous effusions are the most frequent cause of non immunologic hydrops fetalis. They can be recognized antenatally by ultrasonography. Their evacuation is sometimes necessary and medical treatment often effective. CASE REPORTS: Case n. 1: fetal ascites was detected by ultrasonography at the 30th week of gestation. Paracentesis was performed at 36 weeks, followed 3 days later by spontaneous delivery. The newborn was fed milk formula. A second paracentesis showed a milky fluid, rich in cholesterol, triglycerides and chylomicrons. The child was fed formula rich in medium-chain triglycerides and the chylous ascites disappeared completely within 2 weeks. Case n. 2: a diagnosis of bilateral hydrothorax and hydramnios was made at the 27th week of gestation. An in utero evacuation of the hydrothorax performed at the 30th week was ineffective and a pleuro-amniotic drainage was performed 2 weeks later. The baby was born at the 35th week, and presented a moderate respiratory distress due to the hydrothorax and ascites. Aspiration of the thoracic fluid confirmed its chylous origin. The chylous effusions completely disappeared when the child was fed a high medium chain triglycerides diet. A lymphedema of legs appeared at the age of 1 month. Case n. 3: ascites, hydramnios, hydrothorax and peripheral edema were found at the 21st week of a third pregnancy (the 2 first pregnancies were complicated by lethal hydrops fetalis). Bilateral hydrothorax and peripheral edema were found again after birth at the 37th week. Diuresis and albumin-infusion led to recovery, but chylothorax and chylous ascites reaccumulated after introduction of milk formula, despite repeated evacuations and feeding medium-chain triglycerides formula. The thoracic fluid remains chylous at the age of 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: In utero, and sometimes post-natal, evacuation of fluid present in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities can be necessary, depending of the functional tolerance. Medical management including feeding a low fat and/or high medium-chain triglycerides diet, and sometimes temporary total parental nutrition, is necessary, together with salt restriction, diuresis and albumin infusion as required. Most cases recover spontaneously or as a result of therapy within a few weeks.

Chylothorax↗
PubMed1992

[Prevention of fetal and neonatal transmission of the varicella-zoster virus].

Varicella occurs in 0.7 to 0.13% of pregnant women. The risk of transmission of the varicella-zoster virus to the fetus is small. The virus causes malformations (cutaneous scars and above all central nervous system anomalies). Mother-to-offspring transmission is more common during the perinatal period (20%), when mild or severe (fatal in 20% of cases) congenital varicella may occur. Prevention of transmission of the varicella-zoster virus from the mother to her fetus or neonate rests on detection of fetal varicella (antenatal ultrasonography, fetal IgM assays) and on administration of both specific anti-VZ virus immune globulins and acyclovir to the mother and neonate during the perinatal period.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1992

[Unilateral cerebellar atrophy in 2 newborn infants. Value of MRI].

The authors report 2 cases of unilateral cerebellar atrophia presenting in the neonatal period with facial peripheral palsy and iso-immune thrombocytopenia respectively. The recognition of cerebellar atrophia has been made by MRI. Unilateral cerebellar atrophia be due to ischemia. MRI seems to be a useful tool in the recognition of cerebellar malformations in the neonatal period.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Transcranial Doppler evaluation of cerebral infarction in the neonate.

We recorded cerebral artery flow velocities (CAFV) in two neonates with cerebral infarction, using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). Cerebral infarction was diagnosed by brain imaging. The arteries investigated were the middle cerebral artery (MCA), the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). The whole territory of right MCA was involved. A decrease in CAFV was noted in MCA and ICA of the affected side. Furthermore, early recordings of CAFV allowed us to distinguish perinatal infarction from antenatal infarction: in the former, Doppler signal was completely absent during the first days of life whereas in the latter, Doppler signal was reduced but present. The process of recanalization could be followed. The asymmetry of CAFV recorded in the neonatal period seems to persist definitively at least in MCA. These Doppler data correlate well with the evolutive stages of cerebral infarction shown by brain imaging. Beside US, CT and MRI scans, TCD may be a useful adjunct for identifying and following infants with suspected occlusion of major cerebral vessels.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1991

Concentration of cefuroxime in serum and middle ear effusion after single dose treatment with cefuroxime axetil.

Antimicrobial agents play an important role in the treatment of patients with acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion (OME). The study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of cefuroxime in the blood and middle ear effusions (MEE) of children between 6 and 12 years of age with acute otitis media and chronic OME after a single oral dose administration of cefuroxime axetil, the ester prodrug of cefuroxime. Cefuroxime axetil (250 mg) was administered 2 to 6 hours before either myringotomy for acute otitis media or myringotomy and tube insertion for chronic OME. Blood samples and middle ear aspirates were obtained from 31 children and the samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Cefuroxime was recovered in measurable concentrations in all serum samples and in 15 (79%) of the 19 MEE specimens analyzed. No correlation was seen between cefuroxime MEE concentrations and effusion type, bacteriology or serum concentrations. This study shows that cefuroxime does penetrate into MEE when OME is present and that therapeutic concentrations can be achieved in some patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Neonatal echovirus encephalitis with white matter necrosis.

The authors report a case of neonatal echovirus encephalitis associated with white matter necrosis. The pattern of illness in the neonatal period was diphasic, marked by hyperthermia and the occurrence of seizures. Echovirus was recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at one month of age showed right periventricular white matter necrosis. The infant exhibited mild left hemiparesis. Cerebral MRI at 6 months of age showed a delay in myelination in the right hemisphere. Echovirus encephalitis in the neonate can cause brain damage.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1990

[Contribution of transcranial Doppler sonography to the diagnosis of brain death in children].

Brain death can be characterized by cessation of cerebral blood flow. We have measured blood flow velocity in cerebral arteries of 17 comatous children with a transcranial pulsed Doppler equipment. In 11 children who progressed to brain death, we have recorded a progressive decrease of Doppler signal with the following steps: decrease of diastolic velocity, no diastolic velocity, reverse diastolic flow, decrease of systolic signal, no signal at all. In the 6 surviving children (all except one with severe deficits), after an initial reduction but never to a retrograde flow, arterial cerebral blood flow velocity increased to high diastolic values before normalization. Transcranial Doppler technique is non invasive, reliable, can be used at the bedside and repeated; it allows evaluating the cerebral blood flow in comatous children and represents a useful adjunct to brain death diagnosis.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1990

[Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of newborn infants].

The authors report their experience of cerebral magnetic résonance imaging (MRI) in the neonatal period. MRI offers many advantages compared to CT scan or ultrasonography in the study of malformations, tumors, infections and anoxic-ischemic brain injury. However, MRI is limited by the duration of the examination the need for total immobility which is achieved in the neonate via administration of chloral hydrate, and lack of accessibility. MRI is a non invasive method for following in vivo brain development during infancy.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

[Psychosocial factors and sudden infant death syndrome].

Sudden infant death (SID) is a multifactorial syndrome in which the role of psychosocial factors should be taken into consideration. Deep changes in mores and in the way infants are cared for occurred in the second half of the XXth century. Fragmentation of the traditional family has led to increased isolation of the infant. Significant changes have also occurred in the status of women and have translated into increasingly early separation of the mother from her baby. These factors, together with economic difficulties that carry a risk of preterm birth and intrauterine growth retardation, may be involved in the genesis of SIDS. Difficulties experienced by the mother in relating with her child during the first few months of life, a critical period for interaction, may also play a role. Prevention of SIDS should take psychosocial factors into account and attempt to minimize their effect.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1989

Neonatal renal dysfunction and intrauterine exposure to prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors.

Three cases of renal dysfunction at birth were observed in premature babies exposed in utero to prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (PSI) and corticosteroids. Transient water and sodium retention with uraemia occurred in one patient, and severe acute renal failure with marked hyperkalaemia in twins. These findings may be due to impairment of prostaglandin (PG)-mediated renal adaptation to stress conditions after transplacental passage of PSI. Corticosteroids may also have affected PG synthesis inhibition.

Acute Kidney Injury↗