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Biomedical subjects

J Haber

Publications and source records attributed to J Haber.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Monocytosis and myelomonocytic dysplasia in myelodysplastic syndrome].

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is frequently associated with monocytosis in the blood and myelomonocytic dysplasia in the bone marrow. In two groups of patients with MDS, all subtypes excluding CMML, the authors demonstrated that monocytosis was present in 15% of the patients in group I according to the haemogram at the time when the diagnosis was established and in 19% in group II where it was required that at least in half the haemograms throughout the course of the disease there were more than 10% monocytes. No difference was found in the prognosis of patients with monocytosis, as compared with patients with monocytopenia as regards the life span and frequency of transformation into AL. The cytogenetic and cultivation findings did not differ either. In some instances, in particular in patients with RA and RAS significant monocytosis was not associated with the expected proliferation of monocytoid cells in bone marrow. The authors assume that proliferation and differentiation of germ cells in the monocytic series is easier than in the granulocytic series and that monocytosis can be considered a manifestation of substituted neutropenia. The work indicates the difficulties associated with the differential diagnosis of RA, RAS and RAEB with monocytosis, MDS with a dominating change of the type of myelomonocytic dysplasia and CMML proper.

Anemia, Refractory↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of the serum antibody responses to type 1 and type 2 fimbriae in mice immunized with Actinomyces viscosus T14V.

The antibody responses of inbred mice immunized with Actinomyces viscosus T14V cells were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISAs) for measuring serum antibodies reactive with A. viscosus T14V cells and type 1 and type 2 fimbriae. In A/J mice immunized intraperitoneally on days 0 and 14, the serum antibody responses approached peak levels during d 19-35, and a dose of 10(8) cells/injection elicited optimal responses. Analysis of the responses of three genetically diverse strains of inbred mice indicated striking variations in the amounts of anti-type 1 (6.5-fold) and anti-type 2 (14.3-fold) antibodies elicited. The observed variations in the magnitude of the anti-fimbrial antibody responses are theoretically of sufficient magnitude to account for significant differences between mouse strains in their ability to inhibit adherence of A. viscosus T14V to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and other bacteria. These studies provide a model with which the effects of variations in anti-fimbrial antibody responses on bacterial adherence may be analyzed.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1987

Bacteriology of the maxillary sinus.

The bacteriologic findings in the maxillary sinus of 20 patients who underwent surgical repositioning of the maxilla are presented. Using an open sterile surgical technique, three samples from each patient were collected prior to the planned osteotomy. The specimens included a section of the anterior bony sinus wall, an aspirate of the irrigated sinus, and a swab of the sinus membrane procured through an antral window. All specimens were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. In addition to bacterial culture samples, a portion of the sinus membrane was resected and examined microscopically for the presence of an inflammatory cell infiltrate. Eighty per cent (16/20) of the patients studied showed no bacterial growth from any sinus specimen. The remaining 20% (four of 20) had some bacterial growth, but in negligible numbers. Microscopically, all mucosal specimens showed some degree of inflammatory cell infiltrate, but the specimens where bacteria were present showed a more acute inflammatory response. It was concluded that the asymptomatic adult maxillary sinus is usually sterile, but that a few transient bacteria may exist in a clinically silent antrum. When bacteria are present, they are recognized as foreign and elicit the appropriate inflammatory responses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Group B streptococcal soft tissue infections beyond the neonatal period.

In one year sporadic soft tissue infections due to group B streptococci were identified in 37 patients beyond the neonatal period. Serious underlying conditions were present in 25 patients (68%), including 17 (46%) who had diabetes mellitus and 4 (11%) with paraplegia. Unlike previous reports, 12 patients (32%) were previously healthy. Infection developed in 8 persons as a result of minor trauma. The mean age of the normal hosts was 20.9 years, whereas the mean age of patients with underlying disease was 44.2 years (P<.0005). The clinical spectrum was varied and included abscess formation in 17 patients (46%). All patients required treatment with antibiotics and 28 (76%) required admission to hospital. Complete recovery occurred in 33 patients (89%) while 4 with diabetes required amputation of infected extremities. Group B Streptococcus was the only organism identified in 22 patients (59%) while mixed organisms were cultured in 15 (41%), including Staphylococcus aureus in 12 and gram-negative enteropathogens in 4. Group B streptococcal soft tissue infections beyond the neonatal period are common and may even involve normal hosts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The incidence of clinical infection after periodontal surgery. A retrospective study.

A large-scale retrospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of clinical infection after periodontal surgery and the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in preventing postoperative infection. All second-year postgraduate students reviewed their patient records and completed a questionnaire. Eight infections were found in 884 operations performed without antibiotics, while one infection was found in 43 operations performed with antibiotics. Of 268 operations involving osseous surgery, six infections were noted while two infections were observed following 336 operations involving flap surgery without osteoplasty or ostectomy. The data indicated that the incidence of infection after periodontal surgery is very low in patients treated with or without antibiotics. It was concluded that unless there is a medical indication, there is no justification for using prophylactic antibiotic therapy to prevent infection following periodontal surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An isotopic antiglobulin test for quantitation of anti-sheep red blood cell antibodies of individual Ig classes in mice bearing different IgCH haplotypes.

An isotopic antiglobulin test (IAT) for anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibodies of different immunoglobulin (Ig) classes was developed and used to measure levels of IgM, IgA, IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 anti-SRBC antibody in sera from 12 inbred strains of mice. Characterization of the Ig class specific heteroantisera prepared for use in this assay revealed substantial amounts of antibodies reactive with idiotypic and allotypic determinants of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgA. Accordingly, class specific antibodies which do not discriminate among Ig molecules of different IgCH phenotypes were isolated from each heteroantiserum by absorption and elution from Ig's of selected strains. Levels of anti-SRBC antibody are expressed as units of antibody/ml relative to an anti-SRBC antiserum reference standard. The use of conversion factors (estimates of the relative reactivity of each anti-Ig reagent) allows quantitative comparisons within the between IgG subclasses. This method allows measurements of nanogram amounts of specific anti-SRBC antibodies of a single Ig class, and simultaneous measurements of antibody levels in 6 Ig classes from a single 30 microliter serum sample. Analysis of the responses of several strains of inbred mice indicates striking variations (5-31-fold) in the amounts and relative proportions of different Ig classes. The IgG subclass distributions observed appear to be associated with the IgCH but not the H-2 haplotypes of the strains studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A more efficient biofeedback procedure for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism.

The study describes a noval approach in the use of a conditioning procedure for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated through its application with two nocturnal bruxists in controlled study designs. Subject 1 received several variations of this procedure and the result indicated that using a loud tone which she manually reset after awakening was the most effective approach to this treatment. The second study was designed to compare the effectiveness of relaxation training to the conditioning technique. Subject 2 failed to show any decrease in her bruxing behavior when taught relaxation. However, she showed immediate decreases in both frequency and duration of bruxing responses when treated with the biofeedback procedure. The need for future research in this area is discussed with emphasis on the development of low cost, home treatment units.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The H-2 haplotype of a thymus graft influences the Ir gene regulated IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a anti-(T,G)-A--L antibody responses of high-responder F1.nude mice.

In order to examine whether the H-2 haplotype of a thymus graft influences the levels of IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a antibodies produced in an in vivo response to antigens under immune response (Ir) gene control, genotypic high-responder (H-2b X H-2k)F1.nude mice were grafted with thymuses from irradiated, neonatal low-responder (H-2k) or high-responder (H-2b or (H-2k X H-2b)F1) mice and immunized with (T,G)-A--L. All IgG antibody responses to (T,G)-A--L in high-responder mice were shown to be thymus dependent. The majority of F1.nude mice grafted with thymuses from high-responder haplotype donors produced high-responder levels of IgG anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies. Conversely, the majority of F1.nude mice grafted with thymuses from low-responder haplotype donors gave low-responder phenotypic patterns. The modulation of the Ir gene phenotype was not restricted to a particular IgG isotype, but affected IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a. The F1 . nude mice grafted with low-responder haplotype thymuses were able to produce IgG1, IgG3, and IgG2b antibodies to sheep erythrocytes, a thymus-dependent (TD) antigen not under overt Ir gene control. Circulating peripheral T cells were shown to be of host origin. By these criteria, the thymus grafts did enable F1.nude mice to respond to a TD antigen. These results support the concept that thymic H-2 determinants are involved in at least the selection of H-2 restricted T cell subsets, if not also the derivation of the T cell receptor repertoire for self and/or antigen recognition.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Analysis of a program for mental health referrals from a pediatric clinic.

A behavioral evaluation and referral unit (BERU) was established in a Children and Youth Project, to facilitate the referral of children with learning and behavioral problems that were beyond the scope of the general pediatrician. The BERU assessed the need for referral, determined the most appropriate receiving agency, initiated the appointment, and ascertained if the appointment was kept. Results of the program revealed that 48% of referrals to BERU were referred outside the Children and Youth Project. Eighty-four percent of this group completed their referral. Sixty percent received additional care either within or outside the Children and Youth Project. BERU evaluation was required for 25% of behavioral and learning problems presenting in a general pediatric clinic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Influence of Igh-linked gene products on the generation of T helper cells in the response to sheep erythrocytes.

The role of Igh-linked loci in the generation and expression of T cell help for antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was investigated. The production of IgM, IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a antibody to SRBC was shown to be T cell dependent. The Igh-congenic mouse pair CBA/Tufts (Ighj) and CBA.Ighb gave equivalent responses to SRBC. CBA.nude mice (Ighj) supplemented with peripheral T cells of either Ighj or Ighb genotype produced equivalent, high responses. Therefore, T cell-B cell mismatching for the Igh haplotype is not in itself a bar to the generation or expression of help. In contrast, T cells primed in an environment that lacks Ighj-linked products are inefficient helpers for Ighj B cells. These results suggest that antigen-primed B cells or their products prime a set of T cells that can help B cells that bear matching, Igh-linked gene products.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Genetic control of the expression of immunoglobulin isotypes in the responses of mice to sheep red blood cells.

Studies have been carried out on the genetic control of the expression of individual Ig classes in the responses of A/J (A) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). An isotopic anti-immunoglobulin test employing Ig class-specific reagents was used to measure levels of IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 anti-SRBC antibodies in sera of hyperimmunized mice. Compared with B6 mice, A mice are low IgM and IgA responders but high responders with respect to all IgG subclasses. In (B6 X A)F1 mice low responsiveness was dominant for all Ig classes indicating that IgM and IgA responses are controlled by genes different from those which control IgG subclass responses. Analysis of the responses of [(B6 X A)F1 X A] and [(B10.A X A)F1 X A] backcross mice indicates multigenic control of IgG subclass responses. Expression of IgG2a and IgG3 responses appear to be regulated largely by single genes whose action is modified by genes at other loci; control of IgG1 and IgG2b is, clearly, polygenic with no evidence for major control by any single gene. The magnitude of all IgG subclass responses appears to be regulated by a gene(s) associated with or linked to the IgCH locus. Analysis of the responses of H-2-congenic mice shows that major histocompatibility genes do not have a strong influence on the patterns on IgM and IgG responses in A or B6 mice. The overall results indicate that while there is some common control of all IgG classes, there is also separate polygenic control of individual Ig classes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Woodpecker drilling behavior. An endorsement of the rotational theory of impact brain injury.

High-speed cinematograph films of a drilling woodpecker were examined by direct visual inspection and by a microdensitometer and computer-imaging technique. These showed (1) that the drilling trajectory is essentially linear, with very little, if any, rotation of the head; (2) that there is minimal movement after impact; (3) that the impact velocity is of the order of 600 to 700 cm/s; and (4) that the impact deceleration is of the order of 1,000 g. Dynamic and morphologic findings in the woodpecker may be highly relevant to the prevention of concussion and brain injury in man. Taken in the context of modern packaging technology and other animal and mathematical modelling research, they suggest that brain injury preventive systems could be greatly improved over those now in common use.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The role of soft tissue reconstruction in flexible implant arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joint.

In 116 hand metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasties of the flexible type, the operative technique did not include reconstruction of capsular or ligamentous structures, but employed meticulous relocation of the common extensor tendons, and a modification of the metacarpal osteotomy plane and shape. A closely supervised program of splintage and therapy was instituted postoperatively. This series does not vary significantly with respect to range of motion or recurrence of ulnar drift (seen only when patients failed to wear splints as directed) in comparison to other reports. The results, therefore, fail to support the concept that radial capsular and ligamentous reconstruction is an essential part of this procedure.

Arthroplasty↗