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Biomedical subjects

J Håkansson

Publications and source records attributed to J Håkansson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Oral health and cardiovascular disease in Sweden.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to assess the relation between dental health and cardiovascular disease in an adult Swedish population. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to 4811 randomly selected Swedes. It contained 52 questions about dental care habits, oral health, cardiovascular disease and their socio-economic situation. Odd ratios for all cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the subgroup myocardial infarction, stroke and high blood pressure were calculated with a logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, smoking, income, civil status and education. These ratios were calculated for subjects > or =41 years since few people suffer from CVD before this. RESULTS: The national questionnaire was answered by 2839 (59%) people between 20-84 years of age and, of them, 1577 were 41 years of age or more. We found a significant association between self-reported bleeding gums (odds ratio 1.60, p=0.0017), presence of dentures (odds ratio 1.57, p=0.0076) and known CVD, which has also been reported in international studies. However, no association between loose teeth, deep pockets and known CVD was detected. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that oral health and, especially gingival inflammation is associated with CVD.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Attitudes to dental health and care among 20 to 25-year-old Swedes: results from a questionnaire.

During the last 3 decades, large resources have been allocated through the organized dental care system for the improvement of dental health among children and teenagers in Sweden. The aim of this study was to describe attitudes related to dental health and dental care among 20 to 25-year-old Swedes. A random sample of 650 individuals was drawn from the database of the National Social Insurance Board of Sweden. A postal questionnaire comprising 70 questions was delivered to the subjects and the response rate was 78%. A high proportion of the respondents considered themselves to have a high need for dental care. They had a strong conception of being able to influence their own dental health. Quite a few were concerned about their dental health. A high proportion indicated that they were satisfied with their dental function, but fewer individuals were satisfied with the appearance of their teeth. The respondents also reported good reception by their dentists, although opinions differed between the sexes. Women reported a significantly higher degree of discomfort and unease than men. Most respondents had adopted good oral hygiene habits but dental floss was rarely used. The majority of subjects indicated that they attended dental examinations on an annual basis. There is a need for further investigation into patients' attitudes to dental health and dental care. It is important to understand the significance patients attach to different concepts in the dental treatment. This would enhance our understanding of how the concept of felt need is expressed and transformed into demand for care.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Healing of lichenoid reactions following removal of amalgam. A clinical follow-up.

174 patients referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden during 1987 to 1989 for lichenoid lesions and evaluation of a possible connection with amalgam restorations were invited to a clinical re-examination. 159 of the patients were re-examined with the purpose of evaluating the long-term effect upon performed substitution therapy. Partial or total removal of amalgam had been recommended according to a set of given criteria. The re-examination showed that 62 patients had performed partial and 69 patients total removal of amalgam fillings. 28 patients had not performed any substitution therapy. There was a difference between recommended and performed therapy. The results demonstrated that 92% of patients with lichenoid lesions only in contact with amalgam fillings healed or improved clinically following removal of amalgam. No statistical difference was found in healing between patients who only removed fillings in contact and those who had removed all amalgam restorations. More than 60% of buccal lichenoid lesions without contact with amalgam at time of referral disappeared following amalgam substitution. Gingival lichenoid lesions did not respond to substitution of amalgam to another material. 3 out of 17 patch-tested patients demonstrated a hypersensitivity reaction to mercury. All lichenoid lesions in these patients healed following total substitution. Partial or total removal of amalgam fillings was also performed on 10 patients with completely negative patch-tests. 6 out of these patients demonstrated complete healing of their lichenoid reactions at re-examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1993

Effect of selecting for increased lean tissue growth rate in swine on low or high dietary protein levels.

To determine the optimum nutritional status when selecting for increased daily lean tissue growth rate (LTGR) two selection lines of Swedish Yorkshire pigs were tested for responses and interactions when fed three diets that contained .70, .85, or 1.00% lysine and 13.9, 15.8, or 17.5% CP, respectively. Selection for increased LTGR was made while the pigs were fed diets with low CP (13.1%) and lysine (.64%) (LP line) or high CP (18.5%) and lysine (.96%) (HP line) concentrations. Two experiments were performed after three generations of selection, with pigs fed from 25 to 105 kg BW. The animals were fed restrictedly on an energy basis in relation to BW. A total of 236 pigs were tested. When testing main effects of selection line, the HP line had superior average daily lean tissue gain (P = .031), carcass lean percentage (P = .007), and lean to feed ratio (P = .028) compared with the LP line. No diet x genotype interaction was found for any of the traits tested. The selection in the HP line resulted in faster genetic progress because this line had best overall performance. This supports the theory that the most efficient selection is achieved in an environment that enables the animals to express their genetic capacity for the desired trait.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Energy metabolism during late gestation and lactation in multiparous sows in relation to backfat thickness and the interval from weaning to first oestrus.

Ten crossbred, fourth or fifth parity sows were divided into 2 groups - high (H) and low (L)- according to their backfat thickness 9 days before parturition. Body weight, backfat thickness and litter weight were recorded repeatedly during a 5 week lactation period. The length of the interval from weaning to first oestrus was also noted. All sows were fed a commercial diet (11.9 MJ/kg, 14.5% crude protein). During gestation, daily food intake was 2.2 kg/sow, while during lactation it was 3.0 kg/sow plus 0.4 kg/piglet. Blood samples were drawn on day 9 before parturition and on days 2, 7, 14 and 21 of lactation. The samples were analysed to determine concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. In both groups, concentrations of free fatty acids and urea nitrogen were low on day 9 before parturition while those of triglycerides were high, indicating anabolism regardless of backfat thickness. During the first week of lactation, concentrations of free fatty acids increased in the H-group but not in the L-group, and concentrations of urea nitrogen were higher in the H-group. These differences, together with the greater loss of weight observed in the H-group, indicate that catabolism of maternal fat and protein depots was more pronounced in the H-group than in the L-group during this time. On day 14 of lactation, both groups showed equally low concentrations of free fatty acids, decreasing creatinine concentrations and stable triglyceride and urea nitrogen concentrations. Furthermore, weight loss during the second and third weeks of lactation was low in both groups. These facts, taken together, indicate that the catabolic rate was decreasing in both groups during this period. No differences in return to oestrus interval were noted between the groups. The present study indicates that under a restricted feeding regime the catabolic rate during the first week of lactation is higher in sows with higher backfat thickness in late gestation. As lactation progresses, a more balanced metabolism is achieved regardless of backfat thickness, which may tend to reduce differences in return to oestrous interval.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

An evaluation of image quality for the assessment of the marginal bone level in panoramic radiography. A comparison of radiographs from different dental clinics.

The diagnostic image quality of panoramic radiographs originating from different clinics was examined. Two samples of 98 and 100 radiographs, respectively, were from a department of oral radiology. The radiographs of one of these samples were checked using immediate subjective analysis of the image quality before inclusion in the study whereas the radiographs of the other sample were randomly selected. A third sample consisted of radiographs from 20 randomly selected dental clinics. The subjective overall image quality of the whole panoramic radiograph was classified as adequate, marginal or inadequate. The three observers also assessed the reason for inferior image quality. The overall image quality of the radiographs was better for the checked sample from the department of oral radiology compared to the sample form the 20 dental clinics. The main reason for unacceptable image quality of the radiographs was too low density and/or contrast irrespective of sample. Other faults were incorrect positioning of the patient but in the sample from the 20 clinics improper film handling was also frequent. We conclude that image quality in panoramic radiography can be improved. Improvement of the image quality is a prerequisite if panoramic radiography in the future is to replace the full-mouth examination.

Adolescent↗