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Biomedical subjects

J H Wallace

Publications and source records attributed to J H Wallace.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Characterization of suppressor cells in mice with a transplantable malignant melanoma.

C57BL/6 mice with progressive B-16 melanoma develop a generalized immunosuppression, as measured by their lack of response to SRBC in vivo and in vitro. The severity of immunosuppression increases with the progress of the tumor, and is due to the generation of an antigen-nonspecific suppressor cell. Suppressor cells were first demonstrable 15 days after the appearance of the tumor, and their appearance correlated with the induction of immunosuppression in vivo. The suppressor cell generated by the growth of B-16 melanoma was a T lymphocyte since it was nonadherent to plastic and nylon wool, unaffected by passage through Sephadex G-10, and sensitive to treatment with rabbit antimouse brain serum and complement.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonic diagnosis of abdominal wall desmoid tumor.

Abdominal wall desmoid tumor is a rare, locally invasive proliferation of mature fibrous tissue which does not metastasize. It usually presents as an asymptomatic mass, and occurs most frequently in young women after childbirth. All three of our patients showed an echo-free mass deep in the abdominal wall with poor sonic transmission. Ultrasound cannot only accurately localize the lesion, but allows the radiologist to suggest the correct diagnosis.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1980

The influence of cigarette tobacco smoke products on the immune response. The cellular basis of immunosuppression by a water-soluble condensate of tobacco smoke.

The immunosuppression exhibited by a water-soluble condensate of tobacco smoke (WSC) has been studied in vivo and in vitro. When multiple sublethal doses of WSC were injected into C57Bl/6 mice, their ability to respond to immunization with sheep erythrocytes by the formation of plaque-forming cells was severely inhibited. In addition, spleen cells from WSC-treated mice were unable to mount a primary response to SRBC in vitro. Studies on the cellular basis of the immunosuppression induced by WSC showed a decrease in T lymphocytes in the spleens of WSC-treated mice. Additional experiments were conducted in which isolated populations of T cells, B cells and macrophages from WSC-treated or normal mice were combined and then tested for responsiveness to SRBC in vitro. Results of these experiments also indicated that T cells were particularly susceptible to WSC exposure. T cells from WSC-treated mice were unable to co-operate with normal B cells and macrophages in the response to SRBC. A less marked suppression of B-cell function was noted in condensate-treated mice. While B cells from such animals were able to co-operate with normal T cells and macrophages to give a detectable primary response to SRBC, the response was depressed. In contrast, macrophages from WSC-treated animals enhanced the response of normal T and B cells to SRBC.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The prickly lettuce agglutinin. I. Isolation from leaves of the prickly lettuce plant (Lactuca scariole).

An agglutinin has been isolated from leaves of the prickly lettuce plant (Lactuca scariole). The prickly lettuce agglutinin (PLA) agglutinates erythrocytes of the mouse and rat, and binds to, but does not agglutinate erythrocytes of other species. PLA can be precipitated from crude plant extracts by cold acetone and ammonium sulfate treatment, is sensitive to proteolytic enzyme activity, and contains carbohydrate residues, suggesting that it is a glycoprotein. The agglutinin has a molecular weight of approximately 84,000 as determined by SDS-PAGE studies. The receptor for PLA has not been elucidated but may involve, in part, sialic acid residues.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Hydatidiform mole with co-existent fetus.

Co-existence of hydatidiform mole and fetus is a rare condition, but one in which the radiologist, through ultrasound, can play an important role in diagnosis. The typical patient, with no pre-existing hypertension or renal disease, develops severe pre-eclampsia in the second trimester with elevated gonadotropin levels. Ultrasound shows a large placenta containing varying numbers of sonolucent spaces, associated with a live or dead fetus. This condition appears to be a separate entity from classical hydatidiform mole both pathologically and prognostically. It should also be differentiated from simple hydatidiform swelling which does not have the associated clinical picture.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Simultaneous radiation and drug therapy: tumor response and toxicity.

Three patients who received simultaneous radiation and chemotherapy are described. Increased tumor response and enhanced radiation reaction were observed. Simultaneous drug and radiation therapy may prove to be the treatment of choice for particular malignant tumors. More data concerning the magnitude of the toxic effects when 2 modalities are used in conjunction is needed. Dose adjustments will be required for each modality to allow for optimal damage to the tumor with minimal and acceptable adverse reaction in the normal tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Tumoristatic effects of nonimmune BALB/c peritoneal macrophages on syngeneic lymphoma cells in vitro.

Peritoneal macrophages from unstimulated nonimmune BALB/c mice exerted nonspecific cytostatic effects of tumor cells in vitro. Incubation of syngeneic B40 lymphoma or allogeneic B16 melanoma cells with peritoneal macrophages or with macrophage culture supernatant fluids (SF) resulted in decreased target cell DNA synthesis and growth; in contrast, nontumorigenic syngeneic 3T3 fibroblasts were stimulated by macrophages but SF exerted no significant effects. Lipopolysaccharide activation of macrophages did not induce cytotoxicity for any target cell tested, and did not enhance the observed tumoristatic effects. The level of tumor inhibition associated with macrophage culture SF was dependent upon the concentration of fetal calf serum present in the medium as well as upon the numbers of macrophages cultured. Inhibitory SF could be harvested continuously from macrophage cultures for at least 7 days with no appreciable loss of activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Release into culture medium of membrane-associated, tumor-specific antigen by B-16 melanoma cells.

Serum-free supernatant fluids from monolayer cultures of B-16 mouse melanoma cells were found to contain a soluble membrane associated tumor-specific antigen. The 100,000 g supernatant of the culture fluid induced an antibody response to the B-16 cells both in rabbits and in the mouse strain of origin (C57Bl/6J). Similar supernatant fluids derived from an unrelated cell line (L-929) or from normal C57Bl/6 fibroblasts did not contain the B-16 specific material. Preliminary results indicate that the B-16 specific material is a protein of low molecular weight which is released into the culture fluid chiefly by living cells and, to a lesser extent, by autolysing cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Renal deposition of soluble immune complexes in mice bearing B-16 melanoma. Characterization of complexes and relationship to tumor progress.

Histologic and immunofluorescence studies of the kidneys of mice bearing a progressive melanoma show a proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with immune complex deposition in the mesangium and along the glomerular basement membrane This immune complex disease is distinct from the age-associated disease of the C57BL/6J host strain and the complexes can be shown to consist of soluble tumor antigen and antitumor antibody. Furthermore, the intensity of IgG complex deposition correlates directly with tumor progress (size and metastases) and inversely with mononuclear leukocyte infiltration of the tumor. In vitro assays for lymphocyte cytotoxicity and humoral antibody were found to be less reliable indicators of tumor progress. The possible role of circulating soluble tumor antigen in modifying the immune response to tumors is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1974

Suppression of cell-mediated immunity in experimental African trypanosomiasis.

Adult New Zealand white rabbits were experimentally infected with a parasitic African hemoflagellate, Trypanosoma congolense, and were subsequently tested for in vivo and in vitro aspects of cell-mediated immune function. Chronically infected rabbits were sensitized to mycobacterial protein and skin-tested with purified protein derivative; all infected animals demonstrated much milder skin-test responses to antigen than control groups. Similarly, peripheral blood lymphocyte responses in vitro to purified protein derivative and, as well, to phytohemagglutinin were markedly suppressed. Supernatant fluids of antigen-stimulated lymph node cell cultures from T. congolense-infected rabbits failed to demonstrate migration inhibitory factor activity but did possess normal levels of blastogenic factor activity. An active infection was necessary for demonstration of suppressed immune responses, and components present in infected rabbit serum were apparently not responsible for the observed abnormalities. Suppression of T-lymphocyte subpopulations may well explain the occurrence of numerous immunological aberrations arising during human and animal infections with the African trypanosomes.

Animals↗