Oral vitamin K prophylaxis and frequency of late vitamin K deficiency bleeding.
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Administration, Oral↗
Biomedical subjects
J H Tripp
Publications and source records attributed to J H Tripp.
A method for determining rates of sexual activity in schoolchildren.
This report details a novel methodology for determining rates of sexual activity in schoolchildren. The method has been found to be acceptable to schools, parents and students, it receives a high level of co-operation, a low (1%) parental withdrawal, and a low number (3%) of inadequate responses. A marked advantage of this method is the absence of direct questioning about first intercourse which is often considered inappropriate within schools. Validation conducted by interview at the time of the questionnaire and one year postal questionnaire follow-up indicates that this method gives a good estimate of sexual activity for school populations.
Adolescent↗
Posturally induced vasoconstriction in diabetes mellitus.
In healthy subjects, standing elicits a reduction in blood flow to the skin of the foot. In adults with insulin dependent diabetes this posturally induced response is deficient, resulting in capillary hypertension when the foot is in the dependent position (that is, below heart level). Such functional abnormalities of the microcirculation in diabetes may precede any evidence of clinically detectable microangiopathy. This study investigates the posturally induced change in blood flow to the skin of the foot in prepubertal and postpubertal patients with insulin dependent diabetes. Laser Doppler fluximetry was used to assess the postural change in blood flow at the pulp of the great toe. Postural vasoconstriction (dependent flux value/supine flux value x 100) was greater after puberty in normal subjects (median (range) 60.4 (7.0-164.9)% prepubertal v 20.5 (5.9-101.0)% postpubertal). Prepubertal children with diabetes did not differ from their healthy peers (69.8 (7.2-192.7)% with diabetes v 60.4 (7.0-164.9)% controls); however postpubertal children with diabetes had a significantly impaired postural vasoconstriction (40.6 (7.9-140.2)% with diabetes v 20.5 (5.9-101.7)% controls). Abnormalities in the normal reduction of blood flow on standing occurred in young postpubertal children with diabetes, most of whom were free of complications.
Adolescent↗
Teenagers, sex, and risk taking.
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Adolescent↗
Prescribed versus unrestricted carbohydrate diets in children with type 1 diabetes.
The diets of 53 children over 8 years of age with diabetes mellitus were examined by 24 h recall. Thirty-seven had been on prescribed carbohydrate diets while 16 had been on an unrestricted carbohydrate diet since diagnosis. The mean intakes of energy (prescribed 9.1 MJ, unrestricted 9.0 MJ, p = 0.66), carbohydrate (prescribed 259 g, unrestricted 251 g, p = 0.64), fat (prescribed 99.8 g, unrestricted 98.2 g, p = 0.84) and fibre (prescribed 29.2 g, unrestricted 31.0 g, p = 0.42) were not significantly different between the two groups. Both groups showed similar distribution of carbohydrate through the day and considerable day to day variation in their carbohydrate intake (coefficient of variation, prescribed 14.5%, unrestricted 14.1%, p = 0.87). Those on prescribed diet had a mean carbohydrate intake which exceeded their prescription by 36%. Both groups had above average fibre intake suggesting that qualitative advice was being followed. There were no significant differences between the two groups in metabolic control (HbA1 prescribed 12.4%, unrestricted 11.9%, p = 0.23), body mass index (prescribed 19.8 kg m-2, unrestricted 20.4 kg m-2) or insulin dosage (prescribed 1 unit kg-1 day-1, unrestricted 0.9 units kg-1 day-1). This study has shown no differences between prescribed and unrestricted carbohydrate diets. Qualitative, rather than quantitative advice may be more appropriate in the management of Type 1 diabetic children.
Adolescent↗
Dysphagia in cerebral palsy: a comparative study of the Exeter Dysphagia Assessment Technique and a multidisciplinary assessment.
Eighteen children with cerebral palsy in a special school, most of whom had feeding difficulties, were studied to compare the diagnostic value of the Exeter Dysphagia Assessment Technique (EDAT) with an exhaustive clinical assessment undertaken by a multidisciplinary team experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia of neurological origin. Four feeding skills were assessed by each method independently, viz. anticipation, intraoral sensory perception, oral-motor efficiency, and pharyngeal triggering. Comparison of the two sets of results showed agreement in at least 78% of the assessed skills. The possible reasons for the few discrepancies are discussed. The noninvasive EDAT equipment was easy to use with the children, who had a range of type and severity of cerebral palsy. The test was undertaken in their familiar surroundings and took 15 to 20 min per child. Interpretation of the results showed that EDAT provided a rapid, reliable diagnostic aid which assisted in the assessment of the degree of feeding impairment within each of the four feeding skills tested.
Adolescent↗
Teenagers and the risks of sexually transmitted diseases: a need for the provision of balanced information.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of teenagers' knowledge and understanding about sexually transmitted disease, conception and contraception. DESIGN: A questionnaire study. SETTING: Schools SUBJECTS: 1025 teenagers aged 15/16 years (mean 16.00). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores attained in response to questions about sexually transmitted disease related to the sources of information given as most helpful. RESULTS: Teenagers have an incorrect understanding of the risks of sexually transmitted diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Teenagers may substantially underestimate their personal risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases following the promotion of information about HIV/AIDS. Apparently simple messages about HIV and AIDS given in mass media advertising programmes may have unwanted results and need to be balanced by appropriate professional interpretation to teenagers.
Adolescent↗
Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn in the British Isles: two year prospective study.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of haemorrhagic disease of the newborn in the British Isles, study risk factors, and examine the effect of vitamin K prophylaxis. DESIGN: Prospective survey of all possible cases of haemorrhagic disease of the newborn as reported by consultant paediatricians using the monthly notification cards of the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit and a follow up questionnaire for each case to validate the diagnosis and accrue further data. SETTING: Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales) and Ireland (Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic) during December 1987 to March 1990. PATIENTS: 27 infants classified as having confirmed (n = 25) or probable (n = 2) haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. RESULTS: 24 of the 27 infants were solely breast fed. 10 suffered intracranial haemorrhage; two of these died and there was clinical concern about the remainder. 20 infants had received no vitamin K prophylaxis, and seven had received oral prophylaxis. Relative risk ratios for these groups compared with babies who had received intramuscular vitamin K were 81:1 and 13:1 respectively. Six infants had hepatitis (alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency in four), unsuspected until presentation with haemorrhagic disease of the newborn, of whom four had received oral prophylaxis. One other baby had prolonged jaundice. One mother had taken phenytoin during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: All newborn infants should receive vitamin K prophylaxis. Intramuscular vitamin K is more effective than oral prophylactic regimens currently used in the British Isles.
Age Factors↗
Vitamin K prophylaxis against haemorrhagic disease of the newborn in the United Kingdom.
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Administration, Oral↗
Discipline strategies and parental perceptions of preschool children with asthma.
Parents of 37 children with asthma (aged between three and five years) and of 37 healthy controls were interviewed about their involvement in everyday care, discipline practices, perceptions of their child and situations which were particularly stressful. There was little correlation between mothers' and fathers' preferences for different discipline practices. There was, however, greater agreement in their perceptions. Parents of children with asthma did not differ from those of healthy controls in discipline practices. However, children with asthma were perceived to be generally less healthy. Parents of those with asthma also reported a greater number of everyday situations to be stressful. These data do not support traditional assumptions that parents of children with asthma are more permissive or overindulgent. At least in this preschool sample, there was only limited indication of adverse effects of chronic disease on parenting practices.
Asthma↗
Investigation of paediatric gastrointestinal problems in the U.K. or paediatric gastroenterologists do it ... differently.
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Child↗
Mercury concentration in cord blood.
The mean mercury concentration measured in cord blood from 51 inner city babies born at Guy's Hospital was significantly higher (37 nmol/l v 20 nmol/l) than that from 17 babies born at the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, which serves a more rural population.
England↗
Teenage sexual intercourse and pregnancy.
One hundred and one pregnant girls aged under 18 years were interviewed to collect information about the development of their sexual awareness, attitudes towards relationships, and about their social context. The data show that the girls were likely to come from homes where the parents were divorced, where the mother married when she was under 21 years of age, and where her first child was conceived out of wedlock. Altogether 76 of these pregnant girls first had intercourse before they were 16 years old. The younger the girl at first intercourse the sooner it occurred in the relationship and for almost half of the girls first intercourse was unplanned. Although almost half used contraception on the first occasion, only one third of the girls used contraceptives regularly. Most expressed the wish that they had delayed intercourse until they were older.
Adolescent↗
Teenage relationships and sex education.
Most of the consequences of early intercourse affect the woman and much research has focused upon her. As part of a study on teenage pregnancy, where 137 women were interviewed, 46 men were also interviewed. They were less likely to have had teaching about sex from parents and were subject to less parental supervision than the women. Both sexes had had similar experience of school sex education. Just under half of the men started having intercourse before 16 years. Over half of both sexes were initiated by an experienced partner and for 15/25 (60%) of the men this was within the first month of a relationship. Most men had had several partners and 27/99 (27%) of teenage women at least three, most in the context of stable relationships. 'Serial monogamy' exposes each partner indirectly to their partners previous partners (with the associated medical risks). Education must help teenagers make decisions about sexual involvement that take account of these facts and the implications for their own future health and happiness.
Adolescent↗
Unknown syndrome: mental retardation with postaxial polydactyly, congenital absence of hair, severe seborrhoeic dermatitis, and Perthes' disease of the hip.
We report a six year old male with mental retardation, postaxial polydactyly and syndactyly, atrichia congenita totalis, severe seborrhoeic dermatitis, recurrent staphylococcal skin sepsis, and Perthes' disease of the hip. His birth may have resulted from an incestuous mating.
Child↗
Haemorrhagic disease and vitamin K.
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Drug Administration Schedule↗
Sex-linked recessive congenital ataxia.
A family is reported in which three boys, two full brothers and a half brother, presented with marked delay in motor milestones, severe limb and truncal ataxia, nystagmus, speech delay and moderate global retardation. Autosomal recessive and sex linked recessive forms of cerebellar hypoplasia are reviewed and it is suggested that this family may have a rare, if not unique, form of sex-linked cerebellar ataxia.
Adolescent↗