A clinical trial of combined cromolyn/beclomethasone treatment for chronic asthma.
Some patients with chronic asthma treated with beclomethasone aerosol (BA) derive significant symptom benefit, yet have persisting adrenal suppression due in part to their BA therapy. The daily dose of BA required is higher in patients with atopy. We therefore assessed the usefulness of ancillary treatment with cromolyn sodium (CS), a drug known to inhibit atopic asthma, to try to improve the balance of risk vs benefit in such patients. Thirty asthmatics, well controlled on high-dose BA (mean, 1,040 micrograms +/- 97 SE) but with morning cortisol levels averaging approximately 10 micrograms/dl, were allocated randomly to placebo or CS inhalant, used in addition to their regular BA and other asthma medications. After 4 wk, their BA dose was halved. Both groups were monitored for greater than 6 mo by daily symptom diaries and peak flows, and by spirograms and morning serum cortisol tests every 4 wk. Mean cortisol levels rose 27% after BA dose reduction (p less than 0.05) but asthma worsened. Risk-benefit assessments 20 wk after reducing the BA showed a general tendency for higher cortisol values to be coupled with worsening of the asthma symptoms and FEF25%-75%. The distributions of good, fair, and poor risk-benefit responses were the same in both CS and placebo-treated groups (p = 0.20). In other asthmatics who may have less associated bronchitis or small airways obstruction than these patients, CS might prove useful, but in these adult chronic asthmatics with this particular therapeutic problem, there was no discernible BA-sparing effect or other clinical advantage from adding CS to their established BA regimen.