Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J H Shaw.
A retrospective study analysing patients admitted to the two Dunedin hospitals between 1955 and 1979 revealed five cases of bile peritonitis secondary to perforation of the gallbladder. All patients were treated surgically and recovered. The literature is briefly reviewed.
The management of severe thermal burns of the head with associated bone destruction is discussed, and two patients in this category who were successfully treated by decorticating the dead bone with the high-speed dental drill are presented. The burns in both cases had defied management with alternative techniques, and both patients achieved satisfactory skin coverage five weeks after dental burring.
The use of peritoneal lavage as an adjunct in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma is now well established. It is especially useful when clinical findings are equivocal, or when the trauma patient is uncooperative as a result of head injury or alcohol abuse. However, to achieve a high degree of accuracy the finer points of technique must be rigidly adhered to. In the series presented there were no false-negatives, and the single false-positive was caused by a technical failure due to the use of an unsatisfactory catheter with a sharp trocar.
The caries-inhibiting abilities of the following trimetaphosphates, Na3(PO3)3, NaCa(PO3)3.H2O, Na4Mg(PO3)6.xH2O, and Ca3(P3O9)2.10H2O, were compared when added at approximately equal phosphorus concentrations to a cariogenic diet for rats. Each of these four compounds was found to be equally capable of inhibiting carious lesions in the occlusal sulci.
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Remodeling of the trabeculae in cancellous bone was studied in young monkeys that received multiple weekly injections of lead acetate as a marker. Resorption of old bone and deposition of new bone were demonstrated. The rate of deposition of new bone varied at different sites of the same trabeculae and also at different time intervals of the same site. The total formation time of new bone to fill the trabecular space was estimated.
When highly controlled parallel rat caries studies were run simultaneously in six laboratories, a similar pattern of caries developed in every laboratory with a range in mean values such that the results of no investigator were significantly different from those of at least two others. These results indicate that the major factors influencing development of rat caries have been recognized and can be controlled within reasonable limits.
Remodeling of the osteons or Haversian canal system in compact bone was studied in young monkeys that received serial injections of lead acetate as an intravital strain. The successive stages of the formation of an osteon have been demonstrated. The rate of the filling of the lamellar bone decelerated as the lumen of the Haversian canal decreased. The total formation time of individual osteons was estimated.
Four daily doses of ASA were administered by mouth to young growing monkeys which received six injections of lead acetate every seven days as an intravital stain to indicate sites of bone and dentin mineralization. Microscopic evaluation of the inhibitory effects on membranous bone growth and dentin apposition was made. Four doses of ASA at 325 mg/kg inhibited membranous bone growth as well as the remodeling of the Haversian canal systems for about 16-18 days, with incomplete recovery during the experimental period. No comparable effect on dentinogenesis was observed. This preliminary study indicates that four doses of ASA at this level caused a toxic effect directly on membranous bone growth but not on dentin apposition.
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