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Biomedical subjects

J H Rose

Publications and source records attributed to J H Rose.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

An evaluation of multiple trauma severity indices created by different index development strategies.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of emergency trauma care systems is complicated by the need to adjust for the widely variable case mix found in trauma patient populations. Several strategies have been advanced to construct the severity indices that can control for these population differences. This article describes a validity and reliability comparison of trauma severity indices developed under three different approaches: 1) use of a multi-attribute utility (MAU) model; 2) an actuarial approach relying on empirical data bases; and 3) an "ad hoc" approach. Seven criteria were identified to serve as standards of comparison for four different indices. The study's findings indicate that the index developed using the MAU theory approach associates most closely with physician judgments of trauma severity. When correlated with a morbidity outcome measure, the MAU-based index shows higher levels of agreement than the other indices. The index development approach based on the principles of MAU theory has several advantages and it appears to be a powerful tool in the creation of effective severity indices.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1982

Observations on the development and survival of the free-living stages of Hyostrongylus rubidus both in their natural environments out-of-doors and under controlled conditions in the laboratory.

Faces containing eggs of Hyostrongylus rubidus were deposited on grass plots each month throughout 1980. Eggs in faeces deposited on plots from May to October developed into infective larvae but in May development was completed only in artificially moistened faeces, the weather was warm and dry and natural faeces dried out rapidly resulting in the death of eggs and pre-infective larvae. For the remainder of this period the weather was sufficiently warm and wet for development to be completed. More eggs developed into infective larvae on plots with well-grown herbage than on plots with short herbage. In April a few eggs survived and developed into 1st-stage larvae but no further development took place. In the laboratory development was completed at temperatures ranging from 10 to 27 degrees C but no development took place at 4 degrees C. Out-of-doors infective larvae survived on herbage for up to 10 months while in the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in tap water survived even longer to 10 and 22 degrees C, but the larvae were rapidly killed by continuous freezing and by desiccation when the relative humidity was less than 95%. The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed and a comparison made with the free-living stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Transmission of Oesophagostomum spp among sows at pasture.

The transmission of Oesophagostomum species in sows kept on pastureland on a commercial farm was studied over a period of almost two years. Worm eggs were excreted on to the pasture continuously but they gave rise to infective larvae during the summer and autumn only when climatic conditions were conducive to development. The output of worm eggs was maintained at a moderate level and the numbers of adult worms in culled sows rarely exceeded more than a few thousand but some sows carried heavy infestations of immature worms. No direct relationship between the level of the herbage infestation and the numbers of adult worms and the output of worm eggs was apparent. The use of anthelmintics had only a transitory effect on the level of infection and an alternative system of anthelmintic treatment is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Carcinoma in a transplanted nipple.

A 26-year-old woman requested that the nipple from her breast be saved for later reconstructive mammoplasty. At the time of mastectomy, two biopsy specimens from the base of the nipple showed no malignant neoplasms, The nipple was transplanted to the left thigh. Eleven months later, a 5-cm mass developed deep in the nipple transplant, and an adjacent inguinal lymph node became enlarged. Examination of biopsy specimens from the base of the nipple transplant showed the same duct cell carcinoma as the original specimen.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Observations on the development and survival of the free-living stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum both in their natural environments out-of-doors and under controlled conditions in the laboratory.

Eggs of Oesophagostomum dentatum in faeces deposited on grass plots from May to October developed into infective larvae. Warm wet weather facilitated development but weather conditions which caused the faeces to dry out rapidly resulted in a heavy mortality of eggs and pre-infective larvae. During the winter no development took place and the eggs died. In the early spring and late autumn a few eggs survived and developed into 1st-stage larvae but they died without developing further. In the laboratory no development took place at 4 degree C but at temperatures ranging from 10 to 25 degree C development into infective larvae was completed, the rate increasing as the temperature rose. Out-of-doors infective larvae survived in faeces and on herbage for 1 year under a wide range of climate conditions including the exceptionally cold winter of 1978--79. In the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in water survived even longer at temperatures ranging from 4 to 27 degree C. They were rapidly killed by continuous freezing and by desiccation when the relative humidity was less than 90%. The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Further attempts to immunise lambs using metabolites and in vitro grown larvae of Ostertagia circumcincta.

Attempts were made to immunise lambs by the intramuscular injection of either lyophilised or concentrated metabolites produced by Ostertagia circumcincta when grown in vitro, or macerated fourth and fifth stage worms. The lyophilised metabolites did not stimulate protection against the establishment of worms in nine-months-old lambs but the macerated worms and concentrated metabolites elicited protection in six-months-old and three-months-old lambs respectively. The worm burdens and worm egg counts of the immunised lambs were less than those of control lambs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An automatic x-ray exposure controller for mammography.

A solid state sensor and associated electronic apparatus has been developed which automatically measures and controls film exposures when used with low-energy diagnostic equipment. When the kilovoltage is held constant, exposure is determined by the quantity of photons which reach the film, after passing through the breast. When the sensor is placed under the film, consistently good exposure density has been obtained. The design and installation of the sensor and exposure controller is presented.

Automation↗
PubMed1976

Preliminary results using metabolites and in vitro grown larvae of Ostertagia circumcincta to immunise lambs against oral challenge.

An attempt was made to immunise lambs by the intra-muscular injection of concentrated metabolites obtained from the in vitro culture of Ostertagia circumcincta, by the oral administration of lyophilised metabolites or by the subcutaneous injection of living third, fourth and fifth stage worms grown in vitro. Protection appeared to have been elicited by each treatment as the worm burdens, the lengths of the worms and the faecal worm egg counts in the immunised lambs were less than those of the control lambs.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The significane of Nematodirus helvetianus eggs which have survived on a pasture throughout the winter in the transmission of infection to calves.

A field experiment was carried out to determine the significance of Nematodirus helvetianus eggs which had survived throughout the winter in the transmission of infection to calves turned on to a pasture in the early summer. The calves became infected but did not exhibit symptoms of clinical disease. It was concluded that eggs which survive the winter are unlikely to be associated with outbreaks of disease.

Animals↗