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Biomedical subjects

J H Price

Publications and source records attributed to J H Price.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Public policy involvement by nurse practitioners.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level and type of public policy involvement, as well as perceptions regarding public policy involvement of nurse practitioners. A four-page survey was mailed to a sample of 600 certified nurse practitioners, randomly selected from the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners' database. A three-stage mailing procedure yielded a 73% response rate. Most (59.6%) were involved in three or less public policy activities. The most frequently indicated activities included voting (87%) and giving money to a campaign (57%). Lack of time was the most frequently cited barrier, while improving the health of the public was cited most often as a benefit. Overall, nurse practitioners felt they had limited knowledge on how to go about changing public policy, were somewhat interested in public policy issues, believed the actions of public policymakers were very important, and believed these actions influenced the public's health. The majority (79%) had received some information/education on public policy change. Those most active in public policy had high public policy efficacy expectations and perceived a high number of benefits to public policy involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Rural parents' communication with their teen-agers about sexual issues.

This survey assessed rural parents' (n = 374) perceptions of the characteristics, content, and comfort level of discussions about sexual issues with their teens. Almost all parents (94%) reported they had talked with their teens about sex. Two-thirds (65%) reported being comfortable talking with their teens about sexual issues. From a list of 17 potential topical areas in sexual communication, parents were most likely to discuss with their teens the responsibilities of being a parent (46%), sexually transmitted diseases (40%), dating behavior (37%), and not having sex until marriage (36%). Most parents (80%) believed that the majority of sexuality education should be provided by the family and supplemented by outside organizations, preferably schools. Almost all parents (92%) believed sexuality education should include information on birth control methods including condoms. Almost two of three parents (64%) believed schools should begin teaching sexuality education before students reach seventh grade. Parents (52%) claimed they could best be helped in communicating with their teens by receiving a regular newsletter regarding teen sexual issues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The validity of male patients' self-reports regarding prostate cancer screening.

BACKGROUND: Despite the high rate of prostate cancer screening, the accuracy of male patients' self-reports of screening has not been investigated. This study assessed the concordance between patients' self-reports of prostate screening and the medical record. METHODS: Focus groups were conducted to obtain male patients' perceptions of prostate cancer screening and salient terminology. A sample of males (n = 276), 40 years of age or older, completed a 15-item questionnaire. Patients' self-reports of PSA and DRE screening were then compared with medical records. RESULTS: Results showed that patients' self-reports of DRE and PSA were discordant with the medical record 32 and 29% of the time, respectively. Sensitivity of patients' self-reports for DRE and PSA was 82 and 74%, respectively. Specificity of patients' self-reports for DRE and PSA was 56 and 65%, respectively. One in five patients reported that they were not sure how a doctor checks a man's prostate gland. Only 39% of patients knew that the prostate gland can be checked by a blood test. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences between patients' self-reports and the medical record. The results should be of concern to primary care practitioners and to those who evaluate the efficacy of prostate cancer screening programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

School nurses' perceptions of and experiences with head lice.

Researchers examined school nurses' perceptions of head lice, perceived self-efficacy in dealing with head lice, and personal experience in reducing head lice problems. Survey data from a two-wave mailing from 382 school nurses found most nurses supported a "no-nit" rule of forced absenteeism of any child with nits in their hair (60%). They perceived OTC treatments for head lice as very effective in killing adult lice (66%), and 9% perceived them as not effective. Nurses had a high efficacy expectation regarding their ability to control head lice (63%), and they had high outcome expectations regarding the results of their work with students and families of students (66%). Most nurses received their information about head lice from professional journals (76%) and professional conferences/conventions (62%).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

School nurses' perceptions of and experience with school health research.

This survey examined school nurses' perceptions of and experience with school health research. A random sample of school nurses who were either members of the school nurse section of the American School Health Association (ASHA) or members of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) comprised the sample (n = 590). The response rate was 81%; the nurses were all females. A plurality held masters degrees (40%) and had worked an average of 12.0 years as a school nurse. Most (67%) were employed at the elementary school level. Slightly more than one-third (37%) had ever been involved in a research study as a school nurse. Perceived barriers to engaging in research were lack of time, clerical help, and money. Perceived benefits of school nurses engaging in research were: adds new knowledge on school nursing issues (97%), benefits the health care of children at school (93%), and helps peers do their job better (86%). School nurses also indicated they would become involved in research if someone would assist them (78%).

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Mothers' perceptions of factors influencing violence in schools.

This study investigated mothers' perceptions of factors contributing to school violence. Of 345 mothers, 225 (65%) from urban public schools and 120 (35%) from suburban public schools, significant differences in perceptions of school violence were found on the enabling factors subscale for school location. Urban school mothers were significantly more likely than suburban mothers to attribute violence problems at their child's school to the lack of dress codes, violent messages in rap music, and poor parent/teacher communication. Significant differences in perceptions of school violence were found on the reinforcing factor subscale for school location, income, family structure, and race. Mothers of low- and middle-income, single parents, and African Americans were much more optimistic about the possibility that violence prevention programs for students, parents, and teachers would work well to stop or reduce school violence than were higher-income, married, and White mothers. These mothers also were more likely to believe it was acceptable for their child to fight at school than were their counterparts.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

High school health teachers' perceived self-efficacy in identifying students at risk for suicide.

A national random sample of 228 high school health teachers completed a 45-item survey to examine their perceived self-efficacy regarding adolescent suicide. Most respondents were female, White, and held master's degrees. Most believed it was their role to recognize students at risk for suicide, believed that if they did recognize students at risk it would reduce the chances that the student would commit suicide, and believed that one of the most important things they could do would be to prevent a suicidal student from committing suicide. However, only 9% believed they could recognize a student at risk for suicide. High efficacy expectations scores were associated with working at a school that offered an inservice program on adolescent suicide, included teaching about suicide prevention in the curriculum, and had a crisis intervention team. This study suggests that teacher health education programs should spend more time on developing the skills necessary to identify students at risk. In addition, a comprehensive school suicide prevention program is strongly encouraged for all high schools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Predictors of sixth graders engaging in sexual intercourse.

Researchers explored factors related to sixth graders' sexual behavior. First, level of sexual behavior and sexual behavior intentions were examined. Second, health-related risk behaviors and constructs from Social Support and Social Cognitive theories were analyzed based on race and gender to determine their predictive value for sixth graders engaging in sexual intercourse. Findings indicated that very few sixth graders engaged in sexual intercourse or in high-risk behaviors such as smoking. Of the risk factors examined, smoking was the highest predictor of engaging in sexual intercourse for all categories of race and gender. Of the constructs, Efficacy Expectations consistently predicted engaging in sexual intercourse for all race and gender categories.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1999

Perceptions of quality of journals related to health education.

Faculty and chairpersons (N = 102) at 34 programs granting doctoral degrees in health education were asked to rate the quality of professional journals related to health education. The American Journal of Public Health was the highest rated journal. Health Education Quarterly was second, and Health Education Research, the only other health education journal, was rated in the top 10 (rated 7). The journals from the epidemiology area rated higher than journals from other areas. The respondents were least familiar with journals on the environment, safety, and death education.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of a small monetary incentive and follow-up mailings on return rates of a survey to nurse practitioners.

The purpose was to examine the effectiveness of a modest monetary incentive ($1) and none in increasing the response rate of a mail survey to 600 nurse practitioners. The response rate in the incentive group was 81% and 66% in the control group, significant by chi-square test. The most cost effective survey technique for increasing the response rate of nurse practitioners was to code the envelopes and eliminate the monetary incentive.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Junior high school students' perceptions regarding nonconsensual sexual behavior.

This study assessed early adolescents' attitudes and perceptions regarding nonconsensual sexual activity. A total of 371 surveys (94% return rate) was completed. More than one-third of respondents (35%) reported they had engaged in sexual intercourse; 17% reported having been sexually coerced by a teen-ager; 19% reported feeling pressure from their friends to have intercourse; 7% reported having been sexually coerced by an adult; and 6% reported having sexually coerced someone else. Students also demonstrated lack of knowledge regarding nonconsensual sexual behaviors. Analysis of variance tests determined if knowledge (KN), attitudes (AT), behavioral intentions (BI), and locus of control (LC) changed across specific background and demographic variables. One background variable (having been sexually coerced by a teen-ager) was associated with high risk orientation (lower scores) on all four subscales. Lower scores also were associated with being male (KN, AT, BI), having sexually coerced someone else (KN, AT, BI), having been sexually coerced by an adult (AT, BI), and having engaged in sexual intercourse (AT, BI).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Rural junior high school students' risk factors for and perceptions of teen-age parenthood.

A sample consisting of 689 junior high school rural adolescents was surveyed about their perceptions of being a teen parent and their current sexual behavior. A risk factor analysis also was conducted to determine factors that significantly predict whether adolescents had engaged in sexual intercourse. Results indicate that one in nine adolescents had engaged in sexual intercourse (11%). The risk factor analyses showed that smoking and efficacy expectations of not engaging in sexual intercourse were significant predictors for both genders. For the most part, adolescents responded positively on four constructs: 1) attitudes toward being a teen parent; 2) efficacy expectations of not engaging in sexual intercourse; 3) benefits of being a teen parent; and 4) and barriers to being a teen parent. However, when analyses were conducted for males and females separately, females scored higher on each factor. Overall, results indicate these teens recognized problems that may occur from being a teen parent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of a three-year urban elementary school tobacco prevention program.

The longitudinal study compared effects of varying amounts of tobacco instruction (one, two, and three years) on the knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of urban elementary students. A three-year, fourth-through-sixth grade tobacco prevention curriculum was developed based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Guidelines for School Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction. The curriculum comprised five, 45-minute lessons per year. The same trained instructor taught the curriculum all three years. Six intervention schools were taught the curriculum, and two control schools were not. A 49-item questionnaire was used to assess tobacco knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. The experimental group's posttest knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher than the control group's posttest scores. No significant differences occurred in posttest behavioral intention scores between the control and intervention groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of the validity of monothematic versus nonmonothematic self-report surveys of alcohol consumption.

The validity of self-reported health behaviors using monothematic questionnaires has been questioned as such use may enhance subjects' response set. Subsequently, 367 students in a midwestern university were randomly assigned to one of two questionnaire groups, monothematic or nonmonothematic. No significant differences were observed between the two groups on total reported alcohol consumption.

Alcohol Drinking↗