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Biomedical subjects

J H Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to J H Murphy.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of prolonged high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in premature primates with experimental hyaline membrane disease.

The effects of 24 h of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) applied to premature primates with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) were assessed by serial gas exchange and in vivo lung distensibility measurements, and by postmortem lung phospholipid analysis. Results in 7 animals with HMD treated with HFOV were compared with those in 6 animals with HMD treated with conventional mechanical ventilation. No differences in arterial to inspired PO2 ratios, total lung capacity, airway lavage, or lung homogenate phospholipid or disaturated phosphatidylcholine were found between the 2 groups. Arterial PCO2 was lower in the HMD-HFOV group at 6 and at 12 h. There was no difference in lung dry to wet weight ratios; the ratio in both groups of HMD animals was less than that for premature primates without HMD. We conclude that HFOV is useful in maintaining adequate CO2 elimination but does not improve arterial oxygenation or alter the natural history of experimental HMD.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Rest and exercise right and left ventricular function late after the Mustard operation: assessment by radionuclide ventriculography.

To evaluate ventricular function late after atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries (TGA), 26 asymptomatic patients had rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography performed a mean of 9 years (range 5 to 15) after undergoing the Mustard operation. The mean resting right (systemic) ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) was 0.50 +/- 0.10 (+/- 1 standard deviation); the RVEF was less than 0.45 in 8 patients. With exercise the RVEF increased in 9 patients and either failed to increase or decreased in 15 (including all 8 patients with resting values less than 0.45). The weight-adjusted work load performed was a first predictor of RV exercise response (sensitivity 87%, specificity 92%); patients whose RVEF increased did more work. The mean resting left (pulmonary) ventricular (LV) EF was 0.58 +/- 0.09; the LVEF was less than 0.50 in 3 patients. With exercise the LVEF increased in 14 patients and did not increase in 10 (including all 3 with resting values less than 0.50). The presence of complex ventricular arrhythmia documented on Holter monitoring was a first predictor of failure of the LVEF to increase with exercise (sensitivity 84%, specificity 71%). The patient's age, operative age, postoperative interval, residual arterial desaturation, preoperative large ventricular septal defect or pulmonary stenosis, postoperative pulmonary stenosis or superior vena caval obstruction, or performance of a second open-heart procedure was predictive of the rest or exercise EF of either ventricle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Experimental hyaline membrane disease in the premature monkey: effects of antenatal dexamethasone.

A blind, randomized trial of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment was conducted using the premature monkey (Macaca nemestrina) model of hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Twelve dams received dexamethasone (2 mg/dose) 72, 48, and 24 h before abdominal delivery at 135 +/- 1 days of gestation. Twelve control animals received saline. Infants of dexamethasone-treated dams had significantly lower incidence and severity of HMD than did infants of control animals (50 versus 92%, p less than 0.05). Improvement with treatment was markedly greater for males than for females. Differences in volume-pressure behavior of the excised lungs included greater distensibility in the infants from dexamethasone-treated dams (20.6 +/- 7.1 ml/g dry lung versus 14.7 +/- 6.1, p less than 0.05) and enhanced deflation stability with treatment. Accelerated production of surface active material (SAM) phospholipids in infants from dexamethasone-treated dams was indicated by increases in total lung phospholipid (84.5 +/- 8.1 mg/g dry lung versus 75.1 +/- 9.9, p less than 0.025), alveolar lavage fluid phospholipid (5.65 +/- 3.33 mg/g dry lung versus 3.01 +/- 1.84, p less than 0.05), and alveolar lavage fluid disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DPC) (2.47 +/- 1.84 mg/g dry lung versus 1.06 +/- 1.05, p less than 0.05). Incorporation of 14C-palmitate into lung lipid was not influenced by dexamethasone, but a significantly greater portion of the label appeared in the DPC fraction with treatment. Antenatal dexamethasone treatment was successful in reducing the incidence and severity of experimental HMD in this animal model; the beneficial effects of treatment were associated with accelerated maturation of fetal pulmonary functions, including, but not limited to, synthetic metabolism of SAM phospholipid.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Unsuspected purulent pericarditis detected by gallium-67 scanning: a case report.

A Ga-67 scan performed because of a suspected intraabdominal infection demonstrated marked pericardial uptake of the isotope instead, and thus provided the first clue to the diagnosis of purulent pericarditis. Subsequent studies and surgery revealed an esophagopericardial fistula, gas in the pericardial sac, and purulent pericarditis caused by multiple bacteria. This report presents an unusual cause of pericardial uptake of Ga-67. The use of Ga-67 scanning of diagnose purulent pericarditis in the absence of typical clinical findings is illustrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lung development in the fetal primate Macaca nemestrina. III. HMD.

Delivery of M. nemestrina at 80% of normal gestation provides a population of neonates at high risk for hyaline membrane disease (HMD). The diagnosis of HMD was made by the presence of reticulogranular densities and air bronchograms on chest radiographs. Patchy atelectasis was seen in the lungs of animals assigned by clinical and radiographic criteria to the HMD group and not in the normal lungs of animals matched for gestational and postnatal age. Total phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine in whole lung, airway lavage fluid, and surface-active materials were lower in animals with HMD. Amniotic fluid L/S ratios were lower in the group that developed HMD. Pressure-volume measurements indicated decreased distensibility and unstable terminal air spaces in the HMD group. Alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure differences were greater in animals with HMD. There were no differences between HMD and normal groups in body weight, lung weight, percent dry lung weight, gestational age, and postnatal age at death. This primate species, subjected to premature delivery, is a suitable animal model of HMD in human neonates.

Amniotic Fluid↗